Marek Kozlowski, Head of the AI Lab at Poland's National Information Processing Institute, discusses project PLLuM (Polish Large Language Models). PSA for AI builders: Interested in alignment, governance, or AI safety? Learn more about the MATS Summer 2026 Fellowship and submit your name to be notified when applications open: https://matsprogram.org/s26-tcr. He shares how countries like Poland can achieve AI sovereignty by training small, locally-adapted models for specific languages and cultures, ensuring control, privacy, and cost advantages. The conversation delves into challenges like frontier models' English bias, EU regulations, and technical strategies like "Language Adaptation" on base models. Discover how transparently created, locally-controlled AI offers a viable path for nations to maintain their technological destiny.

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CHAPTERS:

(00:00) Sponsor: Google AI Studio

(00:31) About the Episode

(03:17) Sovereign AI in Poland

(04:41) The Case for Localization

(13:38) The PLUME Project's Mission (Part 1)

(20:25) Sponsors: Agents of Scale | Framer

(22:47) The PLUME Project's Mission (Part 2)

(22:47) Defining Polish AI Values

(35:32) Sourcing and Curating Data (Part 1)

(35:38) Sponsors: Tasklet | Shopify

(38:46) Sourcing and Curating Data (Part 2)

(44:40) Small Models, Big Advantage

(58:21) Training and Domain Adaptation

(01:12:22) Compute, Talent, and Geopolitics

(01:22:50) Forming International AI Alliances

(01:27:41) Decentralized AI and Conclusion

(01:31:47) Outro