Key Takeaways

Geographic atrophy of the eye is a serious, progressive form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that can lead to irreversible vision loss. For many years, patients who asked “what is GA?” were told there was no effective treatment. Today, with FDA-approved therapies like Izervay are designed to slow disease progression, the responsibility falls on eye care professionals to identify geographic atrophy symptoms early and ensure patients enter the right care pathway. A clear referral process between optometrists and ophthalmologists is essential to deliver the best outcomes for patients with GA in eyes.

In a recent Defocus Media conversation, Dr. Darryl Glover and Dr. Jennifer Lyerly sat down with ophthalmologist and retina specialist Dr. Daniel Bennett to highlight how collaboration changes lives. Their discussion emphasized that optometrists and ophthalmologists are stronger when they work together. A trusted relationship—built on communication, timely referrals, and unified patient messaging—creates a patient journey that feels continuous and coordinated. For patients, that means confidence and better long-term outcomes when dealing with geographic atrophy AMD.

Delivering the news of geographic atrophy requires a careful balance. Patients who ask “what is GA of the eyes?” may fear blindness once they hear the term. The clinician’s role is to explain the diagnosis clearly without causing panic. Dr. Glover described his approach as treating every patient like a parent: compassionate, direct, and realistic. He shows retinal images, explains the risk of irreversible vision loss, and emphasizes that referral to a retina specialist is the safest next step. Dr. Lyerly echoed the importance of not overpromising, instead preparing patients to meet with the specialist who will determine whether treatment or monitoring is best. Dr. Bennett confirmed that this type of honest, measured communication helps patients stay engaged without false expectations.

Imaging plays a central role in detecting and tracking geographic atrophy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) remains a cornerstone for evaluating macular degeneration and geographic atrophy OCT changes. However, fundus autofluorescence has become critical for visualizing GA lesions, especially when assessing progression over time. Sharing OCT scans, fundus autofluorescence images, and concise clinical notes allows retina specialists to create a plan before patients arrive. This approach saves time in a busy retina clinic and reassures patients that their care team is aligned and informed.

Setting the right expectations is critical when discussing GA in eyes. The message should always be clear: treatment does not reverse existing GA lesions or restore lost vision, but it can slow progression and preserve functional vision longer. New injectable therapies like Izervay have expanded options for patients. Clinicians should be prepared to explain what is Izervay used for—slowing the progression of geographic atrophy—and also discuss potential Izervay side effects, so patients feel fully informed before making decisions. Dr. Bennett emphasized that framing therapy as “protecting tomorrow’s vision” motivates patients while preventing unrealistic hopes. Monitoring is also presented as an active plan, not neglect. Patients must understand that whether they begin treatment right away or continue observation, they are being closely followed by experts who prioritize their long-term quality of life.

Dr. Bennett shared a powerful story of a patient who arrived devastated by her diagnosis of geographic atrophy. Over time, with regular injections and careful follow-up, her vision remained stable and her outlook completely changed. What began as despair turned into empowerment. She looked forward to her visits because she felt in control of her condition. This story illustrates how structured referral and clear communication can transform the way patients experience geographic atrophy of the eye, shifting the focus from fear to proactive management.

An effective referral handoff for geographic atrophy should function like a repeatable playbook. Same-day or next-day scheduling when necessary, warm transfers where appointments are set before the patient leaves the office, and a consistent message across providers all contribute to trust. Referral notes should be concise yet complete, including the working diagnosis, best-corrected vision, symptom progression, OCT and fundus autofluorescence summaries, and any evidence of GA lesions. By delivering this information upfront, optometrists empower retina specialists to step into the room prepared to guide the next stage of the conversation.

When educating patients, the words chosen can either build trust or create anxiety. Use phrases such as “slowing progression,” “protecting function,” and “monitoring is an active plan.” Avoid promising cures or suggesting that patients will not lose vision. Individuals with geographic atrophy symptoms often focus on a single word or phrase, and overstatements can erode confidence. By keeping language clear and consistent, optometrists set ophthalmology partners up for success and ensure patients with GA in eyes feel supported at every step.

Success in geographic atrophy care is measurable. Practices can track how long it takes from detection to retina appointment, referral acceptance rates, and patient follow-through on care recommendations. These metrics reveal whether the referral system is functioning effectively and highlight opportunities to improve. Over time, this ensures that patients with geographic atrophy AMD receive consistent, timely, and effective management.

Ultimately, managing geographic atrophy of the eye is about more than OCT scans and injections. It is about helping patients preserve experiences—attending weddings, celebrating milestone birthdays, or simply enjoying a favorite book longer. By working together, optometrists and ophthalmologists create continuity of care that not only protects vision but also preserves independence and joy. The profession’s charge is clear: collaboration in the management of GA lesions is not optional, it is essential.