Dr. Carole Keim welcomes pediatric cardiologist Dr. Tal Gospin, MD, to The Baby Manual to talk about what pediatric cardiology is and how it differs from adult cardiology. Dr. Gospin explains how much of pediatric cardiology is concerned with congenital heart disease, abnormalities people are born with. She watches for the shape of an infant’s heart and the sounds it makes, even in utero, and discusses exactly what she looks for with Dr. Keim. They explore fetal echocardiograms, infant heart function, and what parents can watch for in newborns to see if a pediatric cardiologist needs to be consulted. 

Dr. Gospin and Dr. Keim discuss when a baby’s heart murmur should be referred to a pediatric cardiologist and the differences between an innocent murmur and a pathologic murmur. Innocent murmurs that appear in newborns typically disappear in infancy. Dr. Gospin shares that some types of pediatric cardiac issues will show up as a lack of weight gain in infants, and when to reach out to a pediatrician for a referral. They talk about echocardiograms and what to expect, whether the baby feels any discomfort or not from an EKG, and what the scans are looking for. They discuss breathholding episodes, fainting, and explain what’s happening and what a parent can do. This episode provides a lot of insight into pediatric cardiology and gives parents insight into the functioning of their infant’s heart.  

Dr. Tal Gospin, MD:

Dr. Tal Gospin graduated with honors from Washington University in St. Louis with her undergraduate degree in Psychology. She obtained a Masters in Physiology and her Medical Doctorate from Georgetown University School of Medicine, where she was elected into Alpha Omega Alpha, the National Medical Honor Society. Dr. Gospin continued on to pursue a pediatrics residency at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University in New York City. She then completed her fellowship in pediatric cardiology at Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, Texas. Dr. Gospin’s fellowship training included caring for patients with a broad spectrum of cardiac conditions and working with leading experts in the field of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery. She concentrated her fellowship training on echocardiography, outpatient care for children with complex congenital heart disease, as well as fetal imaging and prenatal counseling.

Dr. Gospin is board-certified in Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Cardiology. Her clinical interests include transthoracic echocardiography, fetal imaging, evaluation and treatment of children with congenital and acquired heart disease, pediatric arrhythmias, as well as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Dr. Gospin brings her diverse knowledge base and training into the community to provide comprehensive medical care with a passion for personalized attention.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

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Contact Dr. Carole Keim, MD

linktree | tiktok | Instagram

Contact Dr. Tal Gospin, MD

website | Pediatric Cardiology Care Houston

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Dr. Carole Keim welcomes pediatric neurologist and Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurology at the University of Rochester, Dr. Justin Rosati, MD, to the show to talk about pediatric neurology. They explore what he sees in children as a pediatric neurologist and what parents can look for.  Dr. Keim and Dr. Rosati discuss febrile seizures, developmental delays, epilepsy, infantile spasms, and anything neurological that can affect babies and toddlers. 

Dr. Rosati says that children not meeting a developmental milestone is often why parents bring them in to see him. He works to answer the question of why the child misses or is behind on the milestone and explains what it is that he looks for to see if further testing is needed. He tells Dr. Keim what red flags parents can look out for in terms of neurological conditions. He and Dr. Keim discuss febrile seizures and genetic epilepsy syndromes, as well as when seizure medications might be useful. Dr. Rosati breaks down childhood migraines, how parents can help and identify them, and exactly what neurological disorders entail. It’s a wealth of information for parents wanting to know what red flags to keep in mind.

Dr. Justin Rosati, MD:

Dr. Justin Rosati is an Assistant Professor of Neurology at the University of Rochester. He specializes in Fetal & Neonatal Neurology as well as Clinical Neurophysiology. Dr. Rosati has a special interest in digital media and its use for education for students, residents, parents, and colleagues. He is an active medical content creator focusing on short-form videos for Instagram and TikTok. You can follow him across social media platforms @thebabybraindoc.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim, MD

linktree | tiktok | instagram

Contact Dr. Justin Rosati, MD

linktree | instagram | University of Rochester Medicine

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Dr. Carole Keim welcomes Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatric Rheumatology Dr. Cristina Saez, MD, to The Baby Manual to discuss what rheumatology is and how pediatric rheumatology works. She studies and has training in autoimmune diseases, specifically ones affecting bones, muscles, joints, or multiple organ systems,  in children. 

Dr. Saez tells Dr. Keim that though she sees children for different things, the most common is joint pain. Juvenile arthritis is likely the most common rheumatologic diagnosis seen in her clinic. Cristina details how joint pain presents in children and the method of assessment used in diagnosis. She also treats a lot of recurrent fevers and tells Carole how fevers can present in diseases that affect the immune system, which is what she works to assess. Practical information on how to identify joint pain, what grade of fever should prompt medical intervention, and the types of medication used in treatment are all explained by Dr. Saez in this insightful episode. 

Dr. Cristina Saez, MD:

Dr. Cristina Saez is the Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatric Rheumatology at Stanford Medicine. She graduated from Rice University with a BA in Kinesiology with a focus on Health Sciences in 2015. 

After graduation, she started medical school at Baylor College of Medicine. While there, she was an active member of the Pediatric Student Association and participated in the Medical Ethics Track. Outside of class, she enjoyed mentoring younger students through the Anatomy Buddies tutoring program and the Peer Resource Network program. She still kept in touch with the Kinesiology Department and even helped teach undergraduate students in the gross anatomy course. During her later years, she helped develop a protocol within the Pediatric Rheumatology department at Texas Children’s Hospital to help adolescent patients prepare for the transition from pediatric to adult care.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim, MD

linktree | tiktok | Instagram

Contact Dr. Cristina Saez, MD

Stanford Medicine

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Dr. Carole Keim welcomes neonatologist and chair of pediatrics at Tufts Medical Center, Dr. Geoff Binney, MD, MPH, to The Baby Manual for a conversation about what expectant parents should know regarding newborn care and the NICU, the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Drs. Keim and Binney discuss the age of viability for premature babies, advances in neonatology such as surfactant therapy for Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and the different levels of NICU care available depending on gestational age and medical needs.

Dr. Binney and Dr. Keim talk about common newborn challenges, including breathing difficulties, infections, blood sugar monitoring for at-risk infants, and jaundice. Both doctors stress the importance of preventive care, such as antibiotics for Group B strep and vitamin K injections at birth. Dr. Binney shares that a neonatologist’s role is to provide a supportive environment for premature or ill infants so they can continue developing safely. He reassures parents that most children born early grow up healthy and indistinguishable from their peers. This episode gives parents-to-be information about what to expect if their child is born preterm and offers them comfort in knowing how far medical care for newborn infants has come. 

Dr. Geoff Binney, MD, MPH:

Dr. Geoffrey Binney is a neonatologist in Boston, Massachusetts and is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Boston Children's Hospital and Tufts Medical Center. He is the Chair and David And Leona F. Karp Professor of Pediatrics, and the Tufts University School of Medicine Pediatrician-in-Chief. He received his medical degree from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and has been in practice for more than 20 years.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim, MD

linktree | tiktok | instagram

Contact Dr. Geoff Binney, MD, MPH

Boston Children’s Hospital | Tufts Medicine | linktree

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Dr. Carole Keim welcomes pediatric dentist Dr. Ian Kott, DDS, to The Baby Manual to talk about children’s oral hygiene, everything from brushing teeth to weaning kids off pacifiers. Dr. Kott explains when a child’s first dental visit should happen and what to expect from it, and gives tips on how to start brushing children’s teeth as soon as the teeth appear. Dr. Keim and Dr. Kott discuss cavity prevention, the importance of discouraging thumb sucking and pacifiers, and when to consider discontinuing bedtime bottle use. 

Dr. Kott explains that training toothpaste is useful, even when it doesn’t contain fluoride, because it teaches children the aspect of teeth brushing that involves spitting. He shares tips on how to make teeth brushing easier or more fun for children who fight it. The causes of cavities in kids are from anything that is a fermentable carbohydrate: milk, juice, and even breast milk, once a child is on solid food. One of the reasons to wean children off nighttime bottles of formula is to prevent tooth decay from the fermentable carbohydrate staying on their teeth too long, but also because pacifiers, bottles, and thumb sucking all change the swallowing patterns and shape of the palate in children over the age of two. There is a vast amount of very helpful practical advice, knowledge, and information about pediatric dental care contained in this episode.   

Dr. Ian Kott, DDS:

Originally from Michigan, Dr. Kott received his Doctor of Dental Surgery degree from the University of Michigan in 1999. As a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Public Health Service, Dr. Kott has completed several tours of duty as Senior Dental Officer in the United States Coast Guard and as Deputy Chief Clinic Administrator with the Indian Health Service, all stationed in Alaska. 

After gaining a variety of valuable experiences in general dentistry, Dr. Kott felt compelled to specialize in treating children. He completed his Postgraduate Residency in Pediatric Dentistry at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine in Boston in 2009. 

Dr. Kott is married with two young sons.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim, MD

linktree | tiktok | instagram

Contact Dr. Ian Kott, DDS

website | linkedin

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Dr. Carole Keim welcomes pediatric dermatologist Dr. Teresa Wright, MD, to the podcast to talk about baby skin care, birthmarks, eczema, and anything to watch out for with a baby’s skin that could potentially be dangerous. Dr. Wright works at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee and is also faculty at the University of Tennessee Medical Center. She shares her journey into pediatric dermatology and explores all manner of common skin concerns, conditions, and questions regarding infants and their skin care with Dr. Keim, based on a wealth of experience and knowledge. 

Dr. Keim and Dr. Wright open by addressing the little pink or red spots in the middle of a newborn’s forehead that are sometimes called angel kisses. The medical term is nevus simplex, and Dr. Wright assures listeners that they’re nothing to worry about and will fade over time. They discuss types of newborn skin rashes, such as transient neonatal pustular melanosis, which are normal, before addressing conditions that might need a pediatrician’s attention. Baby moles are explained in detail, atopic dermatitis or eczema is described, and Dr. Wright offers insight on how to mitigate or improve child skin dryness, along with tips on avoiding exposure to known irritants and allergens. This episode is full of facts and advice on infant skin, offering a practical guide to what is normal and what might need additional attention.

Dr. Teresa Wright, MD:

Dr. Wright attended medical school at the University of Massachusetts in Worcester, Massachusetts. She went on to complete a residency in pediatrics at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. Subsequently, she completed a dermatology residency at the University of Kansas Medical Center and a fellowship in pediatric dermatology at Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics in Kansas City, Missouri. She joined the dermatology faculty at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital (TCH) in January of 2009. In January of 2012, she was promoted to Section Chief of Pediatric Dermatology at TCH. She also served as Co-Director of the Vascular Anomalies Program at TCH from October 2011 through March of 2015. In July of 2015, she returned to her hometown of Memphis, TN to join the dermatology faculty at the University of Tennessee and establish a pediatric dermatology division at LeBonheur Children's Hospital. She has special interests and expertise in the diagnosis and management of hemangiomas and other vascular lesions, as well as pigmented lesions and pediatric melanoma. She is board-certified in pediatric dermatology, dermatology, and pediatrics. She is a member of the American Academy of Dermatology, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Society for Pediatric Dermatology.

Dr. Wright has special interests and expertise in the diagnosis and management of hemangiomas and other vascular lesions, as well as pigmented lesions and pediatric melanoma.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim, MD

linktree | tiktok | instagram

Contact Dr. Teresa Wright, MD

website | linkedin

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Dr. Carole Keim welcomes Dr. Jason Bronstein, a pediatric pulmonologist and sleep medicine specialist at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, to The Baby Manual. Dr. Bronstein shares his journey from general pediatrics to specializing in childhood asthma, sleep apnea in children, and other pediatric breathing issues. He explains the types of cases referred to a pulmonologist, such as persistent chronic cough, difficulty breathing, or repeated respiratory infections. Dr. Keim and Dr. Bronstein discuss how conditions like asthma or congenital lung disorders are diagnosed, and Dr. Bronstein also highlights how environmental asthma triggers, such as smoke, mould, and allergens, can affect a child's lung health. 

Dr. Keim and Dr. Bronstein explore how pediatric sleep studies are used to evaluate children for obstructive sleep apnea, especially those with snoring, ADHD-like symptoms, or conditions like Down syndrome or autism. Dr. Bronstein describes what to expect during a sleep study and outlines when it's appropriate. They also cover safe and effective cough remedies for children, including honey for cough, saline nebulizers, and tips for using humidifiers without causing mould exposure. This episode is all about actionable advice for parents concerned about their child’s breathing, sleep quality, or lung function. 

Dr. Jason Bronstein, MD:

Jason Bronstein, MD, is the Medical Director of the Mount Sinai Pediatric Sleep Medicine Program and Director of the Mount Sinai Children's Integrative Sleep Center.

He received his medical degree from New York University School of Medicine and he completed his Pediatrics Residency at Northwell Health, Cohen Children's Medical Center. Dr. Bronstein completed his Pediatric Pulmonology Fellowship at Nemours, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children. He completed fellowship in Sleep Medicine at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and jointly at the University of Pennsylvania.

He treats sleep disorders across the age spectrum, including obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, insomnia, and other pulmonary, neurologic, and behavioral conditions of sleep. He performs advanced interpretation of polysomnography and associated sleep study testing.

Dr. Bronstein is dedicated to improving the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders in infants, children, and adolescents. His professional activities include clinical care, graduate medical education, and research. He also treats general respiratory disorders in children in the Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, delivers multidisciplinary care of children with complex medical disorders via various special programs, and works with the adult sleep medicine and adult sleep laboratory programs in the Department of Medicine.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim MD

linktree | tiktok | instagram

Contact Dr. Jason Bronstein, MD

website

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Dr. Carole Keim welcomes Dr. David Tegay, DO, to The Baby Manual to talk about genetics, the different types of testing and screening involved in genetics, and how it’s a key part of pediatric medicine. Dr. Tegay was in residency when he encountered a patient who required a consult from a clinical geneticist from Mount Sinai, and the experience fascinated him so much that he moved from his internal medicine residency to a fellowship in genetics. He discusses all aspects of his field with Dr. Keim. 

One of the first things Dr. Tegay explains about genetic testing is that most genetic tests are no different than other routine laboratory testing, using a blood sample or even a non-invasive cheek swab or saliva sample to do the testing. It’s the results that are different from other testing. He and Dr. Keim discuss how prenatal genetic testing has developed, what kind of screening might occur during pregnancy, and the types of conditions a geneticist may be looking for. Dr. Tegay sheds light on the truth of birth defects, or congenital anomalies, and how frequently they may occur, including how many are not necessarily significant. The conversation exploring DNA, genetics, and exome sequencing, and the diseases or conditions such testing may reveal, is both enlightening and informative, explaining methodology and treatment for fetal and newborn ailments.

Dr. David Tegay, DO, FACMG, FACOI:

Dr. David Tegay, DO, is a clinical geneticist in Great Neck, NY and has over 25 years of experience in the medical field. He specializes in the areas of Clinical Genetics and Genomics & Internal Medicine. Dr. Tegay graduated from New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine in 1997. He is affiliated with the medical facilities North Shore University Hospital and St. Mary's Hospital Amsterdam.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim MD

linktree | tiktok | instagram

Contact Dr. David Tegay, DO, FACMG, FACOI

linkedin

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Dr. Carole Keim welcomes Dr. Lauren Kanner, MD, to The Baby Manual to discuss the wide-ranging field of pediatric endocrinology. Dr. Kanner is the Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology at the University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, and she shares how she got into the specialty before discussing the conditions she treats. She offers information and insights into thyroid disorders, growth hormone deficiency, early and delayed puberty, and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in children based on her knowledge and years of experience. 

Dr. Keim and Dr. Kanner talk about the signs and symptoms of diabetes in children, detailing what to look for, and Dr. Kanner explains how blood sugar testing and insulin therapy play crucial roles in treatment. Throughout the conversation, the doctors exchange practical insights for parents into childhood nutrition and normal growth patterns. Dr. Kanner addresses the challenges of toddlers with picky eating habits and emphasizes healthy routines such as reducing sugar-sweetened drinks and increasing physical activity, or ‘joyful movement’ as she calls it. The emphasis is on fostering positive eating habits and imparting information on the variety of conditions a pediatric endocrinologist can diagnose and treat.

Dr. Lauren Kanner, MD:

Dr. Lauren Kanner is the Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology at the University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics. Dr. Kanner completed her medical school at Rush Medical College of Rush University in Chicago, IL, before continuing her training in pediatrics at North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System Cohen Children's Hospital. Dr Kanner completed a pediatric endocrinology fellowship at the University of Wisconsin and is currently part of the University of Iowa Endocrinology and Diabetes team. 

Dr Kanner has interests in both diabetes and care of endocrine conditions, with a special interest in female, adolescent endocrinology and quality improvement. She has recently joined the Member Board of Directors for the North American Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (NASPAG).

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim MD:

linktree | tiktok | instagram

Contact Dr. Lauren Kanner, MD:

linktree | website

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Dr. Carole Keim talks with Dr. Victoria Martin, MD, MPH, a gastroenterologist, a specialist who focuses on everything related to the stomach and intestines in babies. Dr. Martin trained in pediatrics and became interested in what happens in baby intestines, especially early on, during training. She talks with Dr. Keim about things like blood in a baby’s stool, protein allergies, signs of food allergies in children, and what to look for at home for signs of intestinal distress. She differentiates between what might be cause for concern versus what is normal for infants regarding reflux, breastfeeding, constipation, and more.

Dr. Martin explains normal reflux in babies and what to try at home before getting to a doctor’s appointment in regards to concerns about too much spitting up. She and Dr. Keim discuss food allergies in infants, common concerns over what allergens are transferred from a mother’s breastmilk, and why there are things to consider before immediately eliminating foods from a mother’s diet if an allergy is suspected. Food allergies, causes, and substitute formulas are discussed, and Dr. Martin shares insights into possibilities for preventing the development of allergies, when to introduce solid foods, and what a baby’s poop reveals about the baby’s health. It’s an episode full of practical advice and in-depth knowledge from Dr. Martin about babies’ intestinal functions.    

About Dr. Victoria Martin, MD, MPH:

Dr. Martin graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Biology. She completed her medical school and residency training in Pediatrics at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. She then completed her fellowship training at the Massachusetts General Hospital for Children in the division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, during which she was awarded the Outstanding Teaching Award by the pediatric housestaff. She also completed a Master's degree in Public Health in Clinical Effectiveness at the Harvard School of Public Health.

Dr. Martin's clinical and research interests include the developing infant microbiome and its potential role in gastrointestinal food allergic diseases, including allergic proctocolitis and eosinophilic esophagitis.

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Resources discussed in this episode:

• The Holistic Mamas Handbook is available on Amazon
• The Baby Manual is also available on Amazon

__

Contact Dr. Carole Keim MD

Linktree: linktr.ee/drkeim

Tiktok: @dr.keim

Instagram: @doctoratyourdoor

Contact Dr. Victoria Martin, MD, MPH

Workplace: Mass General Brigham for Children

LinkedIn: Victoria-Mackenzie-Martin-644337102

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