The Backend Engineering Show with Hussein Nasser

In this video, I explain how both Postgres and MySQL store their indexes and their effect on reads vs writes. Let us discuss

0:00 Intro

1:00 Tables

2:00 Indexes

3:20 Indexing in Postgres

5:00 Indexing in MySQL

6:35 What Happens on Update on Postgres

7:20 What Happens on Update on MySQL

9:00 Reads on Postgres

9:40 Reads on MySQL

In this Video I discuss Discord WebRTC and Voice chat backend architecture, it is a very interesting article, let us discuss it 

https://blog.discord.com/how-discord-handles-two-and-half-million-concurrent-voice-users-using-webrtc-ce01c3187429

0:00 Intro

3:30 WebRTC As a Choice?

8:00 ReWriting WebRTC

11:20 Backend Architecture

20:00 Failover

26:00 My Thoughts

PostgreSQL 13 Has Some Performance Boosts! Let us discuss it!

Postgres 13 has been released and it has some interesting features how about we discuss it!

Resources

Press-release https://www.postgresql.org/about/featurematrix/detail/341/

Feature Matrix https://www.postgresql.org/about/featurematrix/

“The PostgreSQL Global Development Group today announced the release of PostgreSQL 13, the latest version of the world’s most advanced open source database.

PostgreSQL 13 includes significant improvements to its indexing and lookup system that benefit large databases, including space savings and performance gains for indexes, faster response times for queries that use aggregates or partitions, better query planning when using enhanced statistics, and more.

Along with highly requested features like parallelized vacuuming and incremental sorting, PostgreSQL 13 provides a better data management experience for workloads big and small, with optimizations for daily administration, more conveniences for application developers, and security enhancements.

"PostgreSQL 13 showcases the collaboration and dedication of our global community in furthering the abilities of the world's most advanced open source relational database," said Peter Eisentraut, a PostgreSQL Core Team member. "The innovations that each release brings along with its reputation for reliability and stability is the reason why more people choose to use PostgreSQL for their applications."

PostgreSQL, an innovative data management system known for its reliability and robustness, benefits from over 25 years of open source development from a global developer community and has become the preferred open source relational database for organizations of all sizes.”

In this Live stream, I discuss HTTP and answer interesting questions about HTTP, TLS, UDP, QUIC, WebSockets and more from the community 

watch the vod here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6G8DdLgdJ4

In this Article Stanislav Vishnevskiy elegantly discusses why Discord moved from MongoDB to Apache Cassandra, the challenges they faced, limitations of both Mongo & Cassandra. Well written article let us discuss 

 https://blog.discord.com/how-discord-stores-billions-of-messages-7fa6ec7ee4c7

I stumbled upon this interesting article titled Scaling with common sense, the author goes into different topics of the bad practices of pre-mature scaling and optimization specifically with regards to microservices and k8. Let us discuss

Resources

https://zerodha.tech/blog/scaling-with-common-sense/

0:00 Intro

3:00 Comparisons are almost always meaningless.

5:30 Scaling starts with well built software.

8:50 Eat healthy and exercise daily.

10:15 KISS, don’t be afraid, and boring better cool.

12:00 The bottleneck is almost always the database.

13:40 RDBMS works, almost always.

15:00 Everyone forgets to index.

17:30 Don’t use an RDBMS. What?

19:40 Networking/IO is really hard. Network as little as possible.

21:20 Connections are hard. Connect little, pool much.

25:00 Latency is THE metric.

26:10 The Internet is the Wild Wild West.

28:40 Caching is a silver bullet, almost.

29:00 Dumb caching is best caching.

29:40 Some application state may not be bad.

31:20 HTTP APIs can be E-Tagged (304) too.

34:12 Allocation is expensive.

37:40 Multi-threading and concurrency are necessary, but hard.

38:30 Some technologies are genuinely slow. Use fast technologies.

39:30 Scaling horizontally, vertically, and “enterprisely”.

40:30 Human impediment.

42:20 My Thoughts on Microservices

🎙️Listen to the Backend Engineering Podcast

https://husseinnasser.com/podcast

🏭 Backend Engineering Videos

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQnljOFTspQUNnO4p00ua_C5mKTfldiYT

💾 Database Engineering Videos

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQnljOFTspQXjD0HOzN7P2tgzu7scWpl2

🏰 Load Balancing and Proxies Videos

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQnljOFTspQVMeBmWI2AhxULWEeo7AaMC

🏛️ Software Archtiecture Videos

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQnljOFTspQXNP6mQchJVP3S-3oKGEuw9

📩 Messaging Systems

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQnljOFTspQVcumYRWE2w9kVxxIXy_AMo

Become a Member

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_ML5xP23TOWKUcc-oAE_Eg/join

Support me on PayPal

https://bit.ly/33ENps4

Stay Awesome,

Hussein

In this video I explain how I was browsing a website (displate) and was served the exact same thing on my Instagram feed

Watch the Video here 

https://youtu.be/76sgBHUl7iI

Alessandro Ghedini wrote an interesting article discussing how DNS queries can help speed up HTTPS and HTTP/3 communication let us discuss this article

https://blog.cloudflare.com/speeding-up-https-and-http-3-negotiation-with-dns/

3:30 TLS video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlE5X1NlHgg

4:57 HSTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYhMnw4aJTw

8:15 http/2 c smuggling https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2VEQ3jFq6Q

15:30 ESNI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0zlO5-NWFU

On September 28 2020 Microsoft 365 Service went down, what caused it? and what did Microsoft did to solve it.

Resources

https://twitter.com/msft365status/status/1310696819135901696?s=21

https://status.office.com/

https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/msoffice/forum/msoffice_account-mso_imobile-mso_o365b/error-aadsts90033/d2ba3ef2-fe85-411d-b4fe-5c44df1e121c

https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/msoffice/forum/msoffice_o365admin-mso_other-mso_o365b/aadsts90033-a-transient-error-has-occurred-please/8117f18e-9de9-46d7-9505-1708b2a1c732

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/35944/aadsts90033-a-transient-error-has-occurred-please.html

In this video I explain how communication protocols are built on top of each other and how each protocol can be stateful or stateless. We need to understand this in order to know which protocol to use to build the right backend.