Contributor(s): Professor Cormac Ó Gráda | In his latest book, which forms the basis of this lecture, Cormac O'Grada argues that previous estimates of civilian deaths in the two world wars are almost certainly too low.

By carefully evaluating the available evidence, he estimates that these wars cost not the 35 million lives commonly agreed on but, in reality, 65 million lives - nearly two thirds of the 100 million total killed. O'Grada's book is the first to attempt to measure and describe the full scale of civilian deaths from all causes including genocide, starvation, aerial bombardment and disease. As he shows, getting the numbers right is important as it enables us to argue with those who try to deny, minimise, or exaggerate wartime savagery.Featured image (used in source code with watermark added): Photo by Mark via Pexels: https://www.pexels.com/photo/british-army-soldiers-resting-by-trucks-15677850/