Half a million people are in Spain without official permission.

They come mainly from Colombia, Peru, Honduras, Paraguay, and Argentina. It’s thought that most outstay their work, student, or tourist visas.

An amnesty to grant them legal status to remain and work is due to start within weeks.

It's a very different approach from most other countries in Europe that have been tightening controls on migration.

The prime minister has admitted “Some say we've gone too far, that we're going against the current”.

Opposition parties argue that this policy puts pressure on public services.

This week on The Inquiry, we’re asking: “How will Spain’s migrant amnesty work?”

Contributors:

Presenter: Charmaine Cozier

(Photo: Pedro Sánchez the Prime Minister of Spain. Credit: NurPhoto / Getty Images)

Control of critical minerals is becoming a source of geopolitical tension. They are essential to modern technology and industries around the world, and China currently dominates the mining and processing industry.

As demand grows, governments in the United States and elsewhere are looking at ways to reduce their reliance on Chinese supply chains. That means investing in new mines and processing facilities even though they are expensive and environmentally toxic.

Ultimately, the US and EU have a goal of diversifying the control of these lucrative elements.

This week on The Inquiry, Tanya Beckett explores whether the rest of the world can catch up with China in the race for rare earths.

Contributors:

Presenter: Tanya Beckett

(Photo: Trucks transporting minded materials. Credit: Las Vegas Review-Journal/Getty Images)

The 2026 men’s football World Cup will be the biggest ever staged. For the first time, 48 teams will compete, playing more than 100 matches across North America.

But the expanded scale comes at a cost. Ticket prices are far higher than at the last World Cup in Qatar. With matches also spread across the US, Mexico and Canada, attending the tournament is becoming unaffordable for many global fans.

FIFA says higher revenues will be reinvested to grow the game worldwide and has released some lower-priced tickets for dedicated supporters, but some fan groups say this isn’t going far enough.

This week on The Inquiry, we’re asking: Is the 2026 World Cup an own goal?

Contributors:

Presenter: Tanya Beckett

(Photo: FIFA World Cup Trophy is displayed during the FIFA World Cup 2026. Credit: Pool/Getty Images)

Chennai, São Paulo, Mexico City, Tehran, Cape Town - these cities have all faced the threat of a ‘Zero Day’, or, having no fresh water left in their taps.

The UN says we’re entering a ‘water bankruptcy’ era, meaning our water ‘current accounts’ are running empty, while our ‘savings accounts’ - the long term stores of water deep underground - have been depleted, with some beyond repair.

So how did we get here?

From clearing forests for cattle grazing, to thirsty AI data centres, Rajan Datar examines the pressures on our global water supply and looks for solutions.

Contributors:

Presenter: Rajan Datar

(Photo: Indian women with empty plastic pots protest as they demand drinking water. Credit: Arun Sankar/Getty Images)

Bangladesh will hold a national election in February, after years of political turmoil and the ousting of long-time leader Sheikh Hasina. Her rule of more than a decade delivered strong economic growth but was also accompanied by tighter political control and repeated confrontations with protesters.

Sheikh Hasina’s party, the Awami League, has been banned. This has brought renewed focus on the Bangladesh Nationalist Party’s leader Tarique Rahman, who is the son of former prime minister Khaleda Zia, as well as several emerging challengers.

Following years of unrest, the vote is seen as a test of whether Bangladesh can move towards political stability.

This week on The Inquiry, we’re asking: What does the national election mean for the future of Bangladesh?

Contributors:

Presenter: Tanya Beckett

This programme has been updated since the original broadcast.

(Photo: A woman casting her ballot during the 2024 national election in Bangladesh. Credit: Ahmed Salahuddin/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

Boosting, swiping or the five finger discount - many countries around the world are seeing a rise in retail theft.

From Japan to the UK, the USA to Germany, retailers are struggling to tackle shoplifting - but the factors fueling this trend are as varied as the people carrying out these crimes. Poverty, opportunism, thrill-seeking - and technology - are some of the factors experts say are to blame.

Charmaine Cozier reveals how the justice system and surveillance technology are being used to combat this rising crime wave, as The Inquiry asks what’s behind the rise in shoplifting?

Contributors:

Presenter: Charmaine Cozier

(Photo: A warning sign in Canada. Credit: NurPhoto/Getty Images)

Iran has been shaken by protests on a scale not seen since its 1979 revolution.

Demonstrations that began in the country’s capital over the state of the economy have spread to multiple cities, with wider calls for political change.

The government has called the demonstrations "riots" backed by the nation’s enemies.

Thousands have been killed.

For some, the scenes bring back memories of the uprising that toppled the monarchy more than four decades ago.

Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi, the exiled son of Iran’s last monarch, has emerged as a figure that could challenge the existing order.

This week on The Inquiry, we’re asking ‘Is history repeating itself in Iran?’

Contributors:

Presenter: Daniel Rosney

(Photo: Car on fire on a street in Iran. Credit: WANA/Reuters/BBC Images)

In February 2026, the last remaining nuclear arms control treaty bilateral between Russia and the United States is set to expire. The aim of the New START agreement was to reduce and limit the number of strategic nuclear warheads, but once this treaty comes to an end it means there will no longer be rules on the cap of these nuclear weapons. The legal provisions in the treaty for a one-time five-year extension, were used in 2021.

The multilateral Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is still in place, to which 190 countries are signatories. The general idea behind the NPT was for nuclear countries to reduce their stockpiles of nuclear weapons, with the goal of complete disarmament. Whilst those countries without nuclear weapons would commit to not pursuing them. In 1995 the members agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely, but it is not without its challenges. Four nuclear powers sit outside the NPT and there are rifts between the non-nuclear and nuclear states.

So, on The Inquiry this week we’re asking, ‘Is nuclear disarmament set to self-destruct?’

Contributors:

Presenter: Charmaine Cozier

(Photo: Deck of the nuclear submarine Saphir. Credit: Alexis Rosenfeld/Getty Images)

Kenya is facing rising public discontent over allegations of political corruption, economic stagnation and a shortage of good quality jobs, particularly for the country’s Gen Z.

One of the government’s flagship responses is an ambitious push into digital outsourcing. It argues that call centres, coding work and other IT-enabled services can position the country as a global hub and generate a million new jobs within five years.

The model has worked before in countries such as India and the Philippines, but the global landscape is shifting. Advances in artificial intelligence are already transforming the very roles Kenya hopes to attract, raising questions about whether this strategy can deliver long-term employment at scale.

Tanya Beckett asks whether Kenya’s vision for digital outsourcing can provide stability and opportunity for the country.

This week on The Inquiry, we’re asking: Can Kenya answer the call for employment?

Contributors

Marcus Larsen, professor at the Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark

Deepa Mani, faculty member and deputy Dean for academic programmes at the Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, India

Boaz Munga, research consultant at the Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, Nairobi, Kenya

Presenter: Tanya Beckett

(Photo: President of Kenya William Ruto. Credit: Luis Tato/Getty Images)

Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour shattered records, becoming the highest-grossing concert tour of all time, redefining what’s possible and confirming a new era in the business of touring.

As streaming transformed how we listen to music, selling records is no longer the financial centrepiece it once was for artists. Instead, exclusivity has been transferred to the live experience. But staging shows on this scale requires enormous investment and complex production. At the same time, ticket scarcity fuels extraordinary demand and rising prices, which mean big ticket prices.

Tanya Beckett explores how technology, fandom and economics turn modern concert tours into multi-billion-dollar ventures.

This week on The Inquiry, we’re asking: How did music megatours become such a money spinner?

Contributors

Kevin Kim, Head of Asia at music distribution company Route Note, Seoul, South Korea

Serona Elton, professor at the Frost School of Music at the University of Miami, United States

Adam Behr, Reader and Head of Music at Newcastle University, United Kingdom

Poppy Reid, music journalist and founder of Curious Media, Sydney, Australia

Presenter: Tanya Beckett

(Photo: Taylor Swift during The Eras Tour. Credit: Erika Goldring/TAS24/Getty Images)