The History Hour

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes from the BBC World Service.

We hear about the tests on baby rhesus monkeys which would become some of the most controversial in modern science. Also, the chimpanzee who apparently learned American sign language.

Our guest zoologist Megan McCubbin discusses how ethics around using animals in experiments have changed over the years. And we hear about the two monkeys that were sent into space in the late 1950s.

Also the campaign to get chimps listed as endangered, and the murder of the mountain gorilla scientist Dian Fossey. Finally in this week's Sporting Witness, we learn why Manchester City fans started taking inflatable bananas to games in the late 80s.

Contributors:

Harry Harlow - psychologist.

Roger Fouts - worked with Washoe the chimpanzee.

Megan McCubbin - zoologist and author.

Dr Ron Nowak - led the team which declared chimpanzees endangered.

Lieutenant Joe Guion - commander of the USS Kiowa.

Kelly Stewart - Dian Fossey’s colleague.

Dr Gary James - football historian.

Imre Varadi - former Man City striker.

(Photo: Monkeys Able and Baker at a press conference to mark their return from space. Credit: Keystone/Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes from the BBC World Service.

We hear from one of the Peruvian pilots who secretly flew fighter jets to help Argentina during the Falklands War in 1982. We discuss with our guest, Iberian and Latin American historian Stella Krepp from Bern University, about the stance Peru and other countries from the region took in the conflict.

Plus, the killing of the Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in 1981, the mirrors that brought winter sunshine to a Norwegian town, the rats that were trained to detect landmines, and the real-life boy who inspired the Winnie-the-Pooh books.

Finally, this week's Sporting Witness – the day Australia’s cricket captain had to choose between setting a personal record and his team’s chance to win.

Contributors:

Rubén Mimbela – former Peruvian Air Force pilot.

Jehan Sedat – Anwar Sadat’s widow.

Martin Andersen – inventor and artist.

Bart Weetjens – product designer.

Christopher Robin Milne – son of author A.A. Milne (archive).

Mark Taylor – Australia’s former cricket captain.

(Photo: Argentina's Air Force patrol during the Falklands War. Credit: Fireshot/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of this week's Witness History interviews from the BBC World Service.

Our guest is Dr. April Nowell, a paleolithic archaeologist and professor of anthropology at the University of Victoria in Canada.

We start by hearing how in 2012, archaeologists on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi made a discovery that changed our understanding of early human history.

Next, we're in the UK in 1957, as the final touches are made to what was then the largest radio telescope in the world: Jodrell Bank.

Plus, how the contraceptive pill was finally legalised in Japan in 1999, after decades of campaigning.

Then we go back to 1947 for what's been described as one of the greatest archaeological finds of the 20th century: the Dead Sea Scrolls.

And we hear one soldier's account of the siege of Ladysmith, a key moment in the Boer War in 1899.

Finally, we're in Kenya for the start of one athlete's historic journey to javelin gold at the World Athletics Championships in 2015.

Contributors:

Professor Maxime Aubert - archaeologist, Griffith University, Australia

Sir Bernard Lovell - British radio astronomer and physicist (archive)

Yoriko Madoka - Japanese politician

Gerald Lankester Harding - British archaeologist (archive)

James Dalton - British Army bandsman with the Gordon Highlanders (archive)

Julius Yego ('Mr YouTube Man') - Kenyan track and field athlete

(Photo: Cave painting, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Credit: Maxime Aubert)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes from the BBC World Service.

We dedicate this edition to Manchester, in England. We hear about the man who opened the city's first racially inclusive nightclub in 1962. This programme contains descriptions of racial discrimination. Our guest Kath McDermott, a Mancunian DJ and producer at BBC 6 Music, tells us about Manchester's musical scene and how it helped shape the town’s culture and identity.

The acclaimed artist Harold Riley was a local to Greater Manchester and also the only one granted access to paint Nelson Mandela from life.

Plus, we remember the time the city hosted the Fifth Pan-African Congress in 1945, where activists from around the world met to discuss the struggle against colonialism and racial discrimination.

And we go back to 1948, when the University of Manchester developed ‘Baby,’ the world’s first stored-program computer.

Also, the mass trespass on Kinder Scout in the Peak District that challenged private landownership to demand access to the countryside.

And the UK’s first female football photographer.

Contributors:

(Photo: Albert Square in Manchester in 1968. Credit: Manchester Evening News Archive/Mirrorpix via Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes from the BBC World Service.

We hear how Norwegian teachers resisted peddling Nazi propaganda during the German occupation of the Second World War and our guest, Dr Rachel Pistol, talks us through other examples of resistance around Europe.

Plus, the Stardust nightclub fire in Dublin in 1981, the Iranian engineer who connected homes to the internet using cable TV and the birth of India's call centre industry.

Finally, this week's Sporting Witness - the most successful Paralympian and the discovery of the 'holy grail' of shipwrecks.

Contributors:

(Photo: German troops marching through Oslo in occupied Norway during World War Two in 1940. Credit: European / FPG / Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes from the BBC World Service.

We hear how a French curator uncovered lost documents showing that the Nazis researched the Bayeux Tapestry during World War Two.

Our guest, Professor Catherine Clarke, takes us through the finer details of the famous medieval tapestry.

Plus, communist fighters struggling to survive while following Mao Zedong during the Chinese Civil War in 1935.

The firefighter who survived the collapse of the North Tower with his crew during the 9/11 attacks in 2001.

The Irish woman whose report changed the date of D-Day, and the winner of the first Rubik's Cube World Championship.

We also learn how reports of a moving statue in rural Ireland drew thousands of visitors in 1985.

Contributors:

Sylvette Lemagnen - former curator of the Bayeux Tapestry

Zhong Ming - soldier in Mao Zedong's army

Jay Jonas - former New York firefighter

Edward Sweeney - son of Maureen Flavin

Minh Thai - Rubik's Cube World Champion 1982

Ita Dungan - pilgrim to the site of the reported moving statue in Ballinspittle

(Photo: The Bayeux Tapestry. Credit: Reuters/Charles Platiau)

Max Pearson presents a collection of science fiction themed Witness History stories from the BBC World Service.

Our guest is Lisa Yaszek, Regents' Professor of Science Fiction Studies at Georgia Tech in the USA.

Actor Peter Coyote looks back on the making of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, sharing memories from the set and reflecting on the film's enduring appeal.

We hear the story of Octavia E. Butler, who overcame poverty, racism and sexism to become one of the most influential voices in science fiction.

Plus, how American television boldly went where it had never gone before with what is claimed to be the country’s first interracial kiss broadcast on television, in an episode of Star Trek in 1968.

We also hear about Turkish Star Wars, the cult film that would go on to gain a reputation as one of the world's worst movies.

And how the success of the original Star Wars transformed toy marketing forever.

Then, in Sporting Witness, the story behind Norwegian commentator Bjørge Lillelien's legendary reaction to Norway's 2-1 victory over England in a World Cup qualifier in Oslo in 1981.

Contributors:

(Photo: On the set of E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial. Credit: Universal/Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes.

We learn why, in 2004, Uruguayans voted to enshrine water as a human right in their constitution - the first country in the world to do so. And environmental historian Ellen Arnold reveals how water has shaped human history.

Also, we tell the story of the fatal hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Pakistan, 40 years ago. And how the island of Antigua was devastated when Hurricane Luis hit the Caribbean in 1995.

We find out more about the abandoned Nazi photo album revealing the chilling normality of life at the Auschwitz concentration camp. Plus, how a Northern Ireland peace movement was born from one family’s tragedy.

Finally, in Sporting Witness, why Ghana’s sprinting superstar Alice Annum won the nickname ‘Baby Jet’.

Contributors:

(Photo: A woman casts her ballot in Montevideo, 2004. Credit: Miguel Rojo/AFP via Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes from the BBC World Service.

Our guest is Dr Elisabeth Fondren, Associate Professor of Journalism at St John's University in New York, USA.

We start by hearing some groundbreaking frontline reporting from the Battle of Mandalay in World War Two.

Then, we hear how in 1950s Canada, a controversial government scheme saw the relocation of nearly 30 thousand people.

Next, a pioneering scientist on his role in the fight against a flesh-eating parasite, the New World screwworm in the 1950s.

Plus, the extraordinary life and times of India's "Queen of Melody", Asha Bhosle.

Then, the formation of the English Premier League in 1992.

Finally, how, an Australian recipe book brought novelty birthday cakes to the masses in 1980.

Contributors:

(Photo: British and Indian Troops of the 14th Army in Burma, March 1945. Credit: Keystone/Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes focussing on Kenya.

We hear about Muthoni Kirima, one of the last Mau Mau fighters to come out of hiding and lay down her arms.

Caroline Elkins, Professor of History at Harvard University, discusses the brutality of the conflict between Kenya’s Land and Freedom Army, the British and Kenyan loyalists.

Next, when Princess Elizabeth became queen while staying at the Treetops Hotel, a lodge in the Aberdare National Park.

In 1997, scientists travelled to Kenya, in search of a cave believed to have been the den of the man-eating lions that terrorised railway workers in 1898.

Plus, we hear how Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki and his rival Raila Odinga signed an unprecedented power-sharing deal to end a wave of violence that left more than 1,200 people dead.

And the heartwarming story of the friendship between a baby hippo and a 130-year-old giant tortoise.

Finally for our Sporting Witness story, we head to the first Ultimate Frisbee World Championship in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1983.

Contributors:

(Photo: Mau Mau suspects are rounded up by police outside the camp in Manyani, Kenya, 1955. Credit: Getty Images/Authenticated News)