THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN MAFIA

Following the fall of the French Connection, figures like Gaetan Zampa and Francis Vanverberghe took control of Marseille’s underworld. In New York, a massive NYPD corruption scandal revealed the theft of 300 kg of seized heroin by officer Giuseppe Nunciata and the Lucchese family. The French Connection ultimately collapsed due to international cooperation, the Turkish opium ban, and key convictions like Jean-Baptiste Croce, marking the end of Corsican drug dominance.

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This episode explores the internal downfall of the French Connection, driven by greed within the Corsican Union rather than police pressure. Key figures like Jean Jehan managed major heroin trafficking networks across Marseille, Canada, and New York while evading conviction. Internal warfare, such as the feud between the Guérini clan and Marcel Francisci, fractured the organization. By the 1980s, high-profile arrests and assassinations ended the Corsican underworld's decades-long dominance.

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The French Connection was a global heroin trafficking network run by Corsican and Marseillaise clans between the 1940s and 1970s. Partnering with the American Mafia, they refined Turkish opium into 98% pure heroin in Marseille laboratories before smuggling it into the US via luxury cars, Canadian ports, and diplomatic channels. A key crackdown came in 1964, when US-French cooperation dismantled Joseph Césari's lab, seizing 115 kg of morphine base and setting off its eventual downfall.

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An overview of post-war transatlantic heroin trafficking. Collaborations between French labs and the Sicilian Mafia formed an airtight, secure system ensuring safe transfers, structured payments, and escape routes. The American Mafia monopolized wholesale, distributing to dealers. Adulteration with neutral substances maximized weight and profits. This dynamic created exponential price surges from $700 inside Lebanon/Syria up to $225,000 for consumers on US streets.


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The decision by major bosses such as Luciano, Adonis (Milan) and Coppola (Rome) to establish their homes far from Sicily, in large cities such as Naples, Milan and Rome, was based on specific strategic needs. In these cities, the traditional Sicilian mafia network did not exist, and it was difficult to create one from scratch because the environmental and personal elements of the traditional mafia structure were lacking. This diversification of behaviour in relations with 'power' and adaptability to contexts other than traditional Sicilian ones were evident. In Sicily, the relationship between the Mafia and power was rich in undertones and based on respect for 'authority', a traditional world where things were done without saying them.

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Before the rise of the Cosa Nostra, illegal drug trafficking in New York was mainly controlled by Jewish criminal organizations. Arnold Rothstein emerged as the leading Jewish crime boss in New York in the 1920s. Historical sources describe him as the head of drug trafficking in New York at that time, before he was murdered in 1928, but they also point out that he was a powerful gangster involved in various other criminal activities, including gambling and smuggling. His death created a power vacuum in the New York criminal world, which allowed the Cosa Nostra to gradually establish itself in the drug trade

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Salvatore Joseph Battaglia, known as “Sam,” was born on November 5, 1908, in Chicago and was a high-ranking member of the Chicago Outfit mafia organization. Sam Battaglia began his criminal career at a young age, first becoming involved in street gangs and later joining a more structured criminal organization. In the 1920s, Sam Battaglia joined the “42nd Street Gang,” founded by his brother Augie. Sam Battaglia's relationship with his brothers, Paul, Augie, and Frank, was decisive in his life and criminal career. The Battaglia brothers were all involved in the Chicago underworld, albeit with different roles and destinies.

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Tony Accardo, nicknamed "Joe Batters" and "Big Tuna," is considered one of the longest-serving and most successful mob bosses in American history. His intelligence, prudence, and ruthlessness allowed him to rule the Chicago Outfit for decades, amassing a fortune and maintaining almost unchallenged power.

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His official name in the United States was Frank Ralph Nitto, but after his birth in Italy on 27 January 1886, he was registered at the registry office in Angri, in the province of Salerno, as Francesco Raffaele Nitto. Frank Nitti was a central figure in Italian-American organised crime based in Chicago.

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In the early 1940s, Nitti convinced Ricca and the rest of the Outfit's management to extort money from film studios in Los Angeles, California . Chicago gangster John "Handsome Johnny" Roselli controlled the film industry workers' union Projectors Union and threatened the studios with strikes and other union problems. To avoid labour unrest, RKO, Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and 20th Century Fox paid several hundred thousand dollars to the Outfit. However, two Chicago Mafia men, Willie Bioff and George Browne, were arrested for extortion and agreed to testify against the Outfit's management. In March 1943, Ricca, Nitti and other Mafia leaders were indicted for extortion.
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