Retired Intelligence Detective Gary Jenkins brings you the best in mob history with his unique perception of the mafia. In this episode, Gary and retired FBI agent and mafia historian Bill Ouseley discuss the creation of the Kansas City Narcotics Syndicate, which emerged during the prohibition era as local mobsters adapted to the loss of revenue from bootlegging. The conversation explores how the organization capitalized on international trade routes—from Turkey to Sicily, France, Canada, and the U.S.—that were central to drug trafficking operations, including the infamous French Connection. Bill provides insights into the efforts led by Harry Anslinger, then-director of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, to combat these syndicates. Despite Anslinger’s tenacity, the Italian-Sicilian Mafia managed to turn narcotics into a lucrative enterprise. Kansas City played a significant role in this operation, with mob figures like Joe and Frank DeLuca orchestrating the drug trade as a formal, business-like entity. Tune in to learn about the federal crackdown, spearheaded by local narcotics agents, which ultimately disrupted this shadowy chapter of organized crime history.
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So anyhow. Well, anyhow, that’s a, that was a little aside folks. Uh, we’re gonna talk about the Narcotic Syndicate in Kansas City as an example. We got you up to, you know, creating this, uh, uh. Organization to, to fight these narcotics organizations. And, and they were developed with international connections and, and trade routes from Turkey to Sicily to maybe France, uh, um, Canada to the United States.
I believe that’s the way the French connection kinda was, uh, part of their operation was through Canada, but part of it was directly from Marsai into, uh. To, uh, the port in New York City. And so, but Kansas City had a big piece of that. So, bill, let’s talk a little bit about, you know, Harry Anslinger and the Yeah.
Early narcotics, uh, uh, bureau and, and fighting, you know, these specific mafia gangs here in Kansas City.
Bill: Anslinger is director of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics is going after. The, uh, trade routes. Of course, [00:01:00] they got narcotics agents in the various cities. They’re establishing what’s going on abroad. And at the same time, the uh, Italian Sicilian group, which is organized into what we call Cora, they’re dipping their fingers into the drugs and making it a major operation.
Anslinger, uh, his organization is truly the only one, I mean. Some local police departments, uh, uh, were involved certainly, but uh, on a federal basis they were the main stay. So, uh, while, while he’s in working, the mob is working, you know, and Anslinger job is getting harder as they get better. What happened in Kansas City is our organization that consolidated during prohibition, seeing the end of prohibition, uh, the powers to be, uh, decide that losing [00:02:00] alcohol.
They would replace it by going big time into a drug operation, and it was called the Kansas City Narcotics Syndicate. Our narcotics agent here, who was instrumental in, uh, breaking it up. Uh, he had another name for it, I forget right now, but it was like a, uh, subsidiary of the mob, which is what it was.
They appointed one of the original founders of the organization, a guy named Joe DeLuca, and he was given the, uh, job. Of putting this together, he and his brother Frank, they put it together on a ba a criminal, I mean, on a business basis. Uh, this wasn’t gonna be just supplying a few little people here or there, or supplying Kansas City drug pool.
No. The, this was gonna be as big as they could possibly make it. So [00:03:00] they had. Managers, supervisors, uh, legal people, bookkeepers, salespeople, other representatives. They had the whole thing. They had the whole ball of wax put together as you would, uh, a business organization. They established their trade routes where they would get the drugs from.
Their drugs were coming from. Uh, Sicily, right? The, the Opium deal in, uh, in the Orient, which was the original Maine supplier that sort of dried up, uh, at least in the sense of what the mob was doing, I think because they had greater contacts, uh, with the, uh, French and the Italian mafia in Sicily. They’ve established their trade routes and very, uh, very skeleton.
I will mention what they did. They had supervisors looking after local salespeople who were making drug sales. They had a [00:04:00] courier who went to, uh, uh, Tampa. The drugs that were coming in were coming in through the French connection and the Italians in Sicily coming in to Cuba. Cuba had a go-between, uh, a Cuban, uh, political, uh, who was also a nation, um, internationally known drug dealer.
The drugs went from him to the Antonino Brothers in Tampa, our courier. We’d go down to Tampa, bring the drugs back, they would be distributed to our salespeople, and they were covering, uh, all of the states adjacent to US, plus, uh, California and wherever they could establish a contact that that was the, um.
Skeleton of the narcotics industry and later Anslinger identified it [00:05:00] as one of the earliest large scale, truly organized narcotics syndicate in the United States.
Gary: Interesting. You know, I’m, I’m looking through your book here and one of the, one of the early stories here, uh, uh, everything’s old, is new again about this, uh, car chase in, in 1923.
You got two well dressed young men, speeding widely up and down the streets in a high powered car. Caught the attention of the police with little, uh, uh, not car chase, but uh, an investigation file to see who they were. Did a little surveillance on ’em and they ended up forcing their way into a, a residence that they caught ’em at, or they, they got in it and found, uh, four new car tires there and, and so they brought the tires in and they thought they were stolen, and they also found a suitcase there, which when they opened it up, it had a large quantity of morphine, cocaine, and opium.
Value of, uh, $3,500. So they just stumbled on [00:06:00] to one of the first big drug busts in, in Kansas City from by accident. It sounds like you think that was all by accident by No,
Bill: no, actually, uh, you are, you’re describing the beginning. Uh, uh, of, of a narcotics investigation. As we well know, working organized crime, uh, you develop intelligence, you take one thing that happened, hope to connect it with something else, and this guy belongs to him and what have you.
So what happened is the narcotic, when they arrested Tony Gizo, who was the driver of the car, and would one day be the Kansas City Mob Boss, and I might mention. Even though preceding the syndicate, many of these guys were dealing drugs, but not on this basis. It wasn’t new to them. The narcotics agents were making buys, as I said, they, uh, last episode.
They would’ve first to work undercover, make buys, develop [00:07:00] informants and, and, and work off of intelligence, uh, uh, and, um, uh, develop a scheme of things. Gradually, they’re making buys here. They don’t know that this is part. Of this national syndicate? Not in the beginning. Not in the beginning, but soon as it happens, A becomes connected to B.
B comes connected to C. This guy belongs to that. They seize a suitcase that belongs to Pete DeGiovanni, one of the big guys in the back. The who are running things through Joe DeLuca. Uh, so now is a connection to the mob hierarchy. And then two things happened. They got a tip about the name Nicola, and that’s all they knew.
Connected to drugs. Well, Nick Ito was the, uh, on the [00:08:00] street, CEO. But they didn’t know who he was. They didn’t know what this meant, but it was in the back of their head. So that was one thing. The second thing that happened is in 19, I think it was, um, 39, a guy by the name of Nicola Gentilly, he was a fascinating character in his own right.
He became one of the other large narcotic syndicate and he had ties to Kansas City. They were operating mainly in the south. So he and his partner come up to Kansas City and they try to sell their drugs to Kansas City. Kansas City says, you know what? We don’t need your drugs. You know, we’re bigger than that, but if you want to.
Buy anything we have left over, we’ll be happy to sell you. So they say, good, we’ll do that. They go home the same year Gentilly is arrested [00:09:00] and in his dress book is the name Nicole Estado. Now there’s another connection. This is a big deal. Who’s this Impasto? Little by little they’re putting this together.
Then they see the big picture, uh, and and they go from there. And I might mention, because before I let you, I. See where, where you wanna go with this. Uh, a fellow by the name of Caram Musa, uh, had taken over as the drug carrier courier. Once the indictments were brought down, uh, which they were caram, Musa turned state’s evident, uh, federal, uh, became a cooperating witness.
That was a huge break for the narcotics people. And so they convicted, uh. Uh, 13 or 14 people, that little vignette with the GIZ O guy in a car, uh, connected with a lot of undercover buys and the dots [00:10:00] were connected and it exposed a sophisticated. Well organized. One seizure on today’s market would’ve been, uh, over a half a million dollars.
That was just one suitcase in one house. I think they turned, they, the term, uh, the figure of some $12 million a year. In 1940.
Gary: Wow. That was a lot of money in 1940. And so Kara Musa, now, he was, was he going, he was going to Tampa and, and picking up loads of, of heroin and bringing them back up to Kansas City.
Bill: That was the, that was the route they established. They had some other connections, but the, uh, the, the, the, the primary one, uh, was through the Antons. They were indicted by the way, uh, in the case. Uh, and later, uh, the main Anton brother was murdered. There were four people in this case that were murdered, uh, which is also [00:11:00] interesting, including Cara.
Gary: Oh, was he? And, and, and there is a side story about Caram Musa and the intimidation of him, and, and I remembered that name from back in the old days before that and what happened. So why, why don’t you tell folks that side story?
Bill: Yeah. Well, there are two things, two things that happened, uh, with Caram Musa.
First, his 12-year-old. Uh, brother back in the early days of the black hand riding on a pushcart with his father, this black hander sh shotgun the little boy to death. Uh, it was a, it was a, a major, major thing. But there again, the fear of the black hand. No one came forward. The police, uh, knew who did it and went after him.
Uh, but he, as it happened, escaped. Uh, so this car Musa may have had that in his mind when he decided I’m gonna cooperate. The fellow who, uh, they believe killed him was a guy named Ro. [00:12:00] So when the trial is going on, they call car Musa to the witness. And you who’ve seen the Godfather will see this replayed in the Godfather?
Yes. They bring this car, uh, Zaro into the courtroom and Kara Musa knows that this is the guy that killed his brother and they sit him right in the front row and. Through hand signals and glaring and the whole, he went into the whole routine, uh, to intimidate, uh, uh, car musa. This was right out of the Sicilian Mafia book from, from Sicily.
Finally, it got to the point that they, they had to eject them from the, from the courthouse.
Gary: Wow. So you say, uh, Cara ended up getting killed in, in the end, Kara.
Bill: Caram Musa, uh, there was no witness protection then. Uh, and so Caram Musa moved to Chicago.
About it. Uh, he, he changed his [00:13:00] name and a. Uh, went to Chicago, uh, was running a business up there and all that. And, and, um, uh, one day he spots this car and he knows that he’s being docked. He’s trying desperately to get ahold of Claude Fuller. The, uh, narcotics agent here, former, can’t get to him in time.
Uh, and he’s, um, shot, he’s shotgun to death leaving. Uh, his residence, uh, in front of his daughters. They caught up with him. They think that the shooters were from Tampa.
Gary: Talk a little, talk a little bit more about, uh, this, uh, Nikolai Gentille or Gentille. Yeah. Uh, he was, uh, he, what was his base? It, was it, uh, new Orleans?
Was he connected with the family down in New Orleans or?
Bill: Well, uh, I outline in the book if anybody’s interest in this character. Uh, he had a big play in, uh. Uh, Kansas City. Uh, it’s [00:14:00] one of the first stops when he immigrated here. He, and it’s a funny story, he ending up in Kansas City from, uh, uh, a little, uh, no, uh, nowhere place in Sicily, uh, the buildings and the people, and he was overcome with, uh, uh, with the place.
He had nobody to talk to. He didn’t know anybody, or he did know one person, his brother. But his brother wasn’t there. Uh, he was working in Topeka. Uh, so Gentilly had connections here, uh, and he graduated and was considered. Uh, the traveling emissary of the fledgling mafia here. He would travel around and troubleshoot.
He would travel around and negotiate, uh, disputes. He would be connected to this family. He’d be connected to that family. He’d come back to Kansas City work for the, uh, mob. Uh, so he became like a, um. Uh, [00:15:00] a national figure, uh, in the burgeoning, uh, early Coosa Nostra, uh, and what happened in his life. He eventually, uh, due to financial problems and what have you, was hooked up with this major, uh, drug, uh, operator.
Uh, and, uh. Uh, they, they formed a partnership and they were operating outta New Orleans. Uh, this was towards the end of his career, uh, and when he was arrested, he, he was then, uh, deported and, uh, uh, but his, his blue book, his black book, uh, was an important link, uh, to the Kansas City Narcotics Syndicate.
And he came up here because of his earlier. Ties, uh, and knowledge of these people.
Gary: Interesting. You never know how it works and, and how people make one connection [00:16:00] and then later on it comes back to, then it makes everything understandable once you learn about that earlier connection. So, yeah. Yeah. It’s, uh, you gotta study the history of organized crime in order to know what’s going on today.
I learned that a long time ago.
Bill: Well, it, you know, it’s so complex and so interrelated. Uh, and, uh, uh, there are family ties. There are, uh, uh, old country ties. Uh, there’s inter city ties. It’s funny how, you know. One city will, uh, have strong ties, uh, in, in some cities and none in another. Um, mainly because, uh, a, as the investigations came about, uh, and law enforcement became involved, uh, after the Appalachian meeting.
Uh, these guys couldn’t just all get together. Uh, and it’s not like a big cookout where the families get together. Oh, Kansas City’s having a cookout with Chicago and we all know each other. So, [00:17:00] uh, but there are always ties somewhere. Uh, and if they don’t know someone in Chicago, they know someone in St.
Louis who knows someone in Chicago, Chicago.
Gary: Well, I, I actually do stuff like that myself today. Sure, sure. It’s, it’s human nature, I guess, isn’t it? It’s networking. Networking, yeah, exactly. Good word. I, I couldn’t think of the word. Yeah, good word. Networking. Yeah. So as we, we move on up into. World War ii things kind of usually go down on, not maybe the down low, but it gets really hard to do these kinds of things.
During World War ii, the whole world, world was caught up in that kinda what happened. How, what was the progression of the Kansas City Narcotics syndicate on into the war and after the war in the early fifties,
Bill: for all intents purposes, um, and for what are the whatever reasons, uh, the powers to be that, uh, ran the, uh, mob here.
Uh, it appears that with the take down of the Narcotic [00:18:00] Syndicate, uh, sending, uh, these people to jail, they, they deported two people that in Poto was I import, deported, and another guy, uh, Simon Simon, who was one of the couriers before Caram Moosa. Deported Joe DeLuca sentenced to jail and they attempted to deport him, but he beat that case.
Uh, on a technicality, it appears that the effect of that was to squash. Any, any thoughts of reviving this or staying in narcotics on a major basis? Because I know during my time and your time. They were, that was not one of their menus on their menu, and I could not find anything indicating that after the 1940 Indic indictments and prosecutions, that any attempt was made to ha to, uh, [00:19:00] deal on this scale.
Gary: Hmm. Interesting. I didn’t, I guess I didn’t really realize that, but like you said, during my time I just, I never heard of it. The only people on the periphery were involved, but, but never anybody who was, anybody was, no, never was anything connected. Now Junior Bradley was on the periphery and, and he really was heavily involved and in his own way, but,
Bill: well, you know, there’s a story and I think most of it is legend.
The part of the story is true. The impact I don’t know about, but Tony Gizo, that guy in the cattle in uh, in the yellow sports car becomes the boss in 1950. He brings Nicksa in as his, uh, number one man. Nick had fled to Chicago ’cause they had been trying to kill him. Now he’s been rehabbed. Gizo son Robert was a dead bang addict.
And was no end of problem to giz o. It was well known what the narcotics had done to this kid. [00:20:00] And, uh, so the legend is Nick being a close associate. Uh, having had contact with Robert, probably maybe trying to put out a fire for giz o he supposedly used that as a uh, signal. That this is not good stuff. I think combined with that is some of the draconian, uh, sentences that were coming out of the Harrison Act in the forties, fifties, and sixties, but for whatever reason it appears, and I think we can attest to that, that Nick was not going to dabble directly as a family operation in drugs.
Gary: Interesting. Yeah. And, but you know, on a national basis now, I don’t remember, um, any of my, um. Readings or study indicating that Chicago, uh, the outfit did much in, in this area after the war, New York and, and particularly [00:21:00] the, uh, the people that got involved in French Connection in the end and the, uh, Bonanno family and, and the Gambino family, both, uh, John Gotti took it over.
They were all heavily involved in, in this whole French connection thing. We did a story on the French connection and. They were heavily involved in that. Uh, Carmine GTE was, was in jail or just got put in jail about that time. And he was, you know, he came, he’d been the underboss. Mm-hmm. And he got a, like a 20 year sentence about 19, I wanna say 1960 or 61.
So for some reason it was a little bit different back in New York ’cause they did not, they, they continued as a mob family, uh, osa, Nostra family. Both those families continued and. To be involved in the importation of a major importation of narcotics.
Bill: Well, that’s true. And what’s funny about that, uh, is that they put out the word that we don’t do drugs.
The bosses, you know, and, uh, but elements and, uh, parts of the [00:22:00] family did it. And they, uh, don’t ask, don’t tell. Um, and they were heavily involved, as you say. Uh, Galle was known as the drug king. That, that was his thing, was drugs. And they were hoping to revive even a bigger drug cartel when he was shotgunned in a, in a restaurant and killed by, uh, these, uh, guys.
They called the zips. Uh, these were Sicilian Mafia guys. Sent over here, uh, to, uh, to operate on our soil doing drug, uh, cartels and to associate themselves where they could with the crime families. I, I don’t know about Chicago and drugs. I haven’t really looked into it. I’d be surprised if they didn’t do any, uh, but I don’t think they’re noted for it.
Uh, others who know Chicago would know, know more. Uh, but, um, it, it, there’s no question, uh, that, uh, Coosa Nostra was heavily [00:23:00] involved, uh, heavily involved in drugs, uh. And the, uh, importation of, uh, uh, just every form of drug you could, uh, uh, marijuana and whatever it was, they had a habit of also turning these things over, uh, and ga gaining the benefit and not any of the risk.
For example, you know, motorcycle gangs were associated with some mob families, and they, they got their drugs from them. They did all the work and cut the mob in, in some of the black neighborhoods. Uh, they went to the resident black, uh, gang leader, uh, and formed relationships. Uh, so they, they, um, uh, they were at it, uh, full scale.
Gary: Exactly. And, and even in Kansas City is, uh. Our, our own junior Bradley, he, he formed a relationship with one of the black kingpins at, of Kansas City, Terry Kelton, while he was actually, he was in the joint when this was going on. I Junior always had connections with [00:24:00] people in the joint. Yeah. Did you ever notice that?
Yeah. Oh yeah. He had this immense network within the Federal Penitentiary system and, and he, uh, he was supplying the money and, and Kelton had all these contacts out here and, and had been involved with a, um. Heroin operation was turned into cocaine operation into the seventies. And, and then he would put that money out in the street, so to speak, and they’d go buy the drugs and, and make the money.
And then Junior would get a big piece of that back. And Kelton. Yeah, he was so heavily involved with them. He even participated. Kelton wanted to have, I believe his wife killed. And, and Bradley even participated in that kind of trying to set up a hit on his wife. ’cause I think she was gonna testify or something.
I, I don’t have all the details. Yeah. But you may remember that, I don’t remember if you were still here, were you? Yeah. Yeah. Retired by then. That was No,
Bill: no. That happened there. Yeah. Well, you know, we also had, uh, one of our guys who we believe, uh, he was, well, he was a shylock and we believe that what he was doing was lending money.
To [00:25:00] some of the people. Yeah. And you know, he could go, his answer was, I didn’t know what they were doing with it. Everybody had, you know, uh, and, uh, but one, one other, uh, indicator to me that the, uh, velas mob wasn’t involved. There would’ve been no other people. If they were, there would’ve been no Kelton’s, not the Jamaicans.
Uh, I don’t know if the Bloods came here. But the Jamaicans were heavy. Kelton would, those guys would’ve been suppressed and they were a, you know, to to, to Nick. It was, leave it there. Right. We, we don’t want it.
Gary: Yeah. I think Bradley was just, it was a way for him to make money.
Bill: Right. And if it had gotten, and like
Gary: you say, he was loaning him money to do that on probably at loan shark rates or then some.
Bill: Right. And if he had gotten too far involved and it made a wave for Nick, they would’ve killed him. He would’ve been gone. Yeah.
Aaron: Yeah. Well, they had a pretty steady stream of income coming in from Vegas as well. Right.
Gary: Yeah. That, that’s another thing that, about our family, we had a huge, they had a huge [00:26:00] amount of money coming in from Las Vegas all along, so, right.
Bill: Yeah. Yeah.
Aaron: Might get into something like that that’s dangerous that you might get busted on that.
Bill: You know, there’s, there’s, uh, there’s one other item that I see in that. Uh, a protocol or, or in that dynamic is, um, Kansas City is like a big village.
Gary: Yeah.
Bill: And the, the Italian community is even more tighter, uh, knit.
And I believe that the. It was, uh, Nick’s feeling that they would be ostracized, they would lose any support. A politician would not wanna be backed by somebody that was dealing drugs. And it was important for him, as you know, uh, all of us who worked organized crime, uh, interviewing, uh, people in that community, they didn’t know anything about.
There’s no, there’s no mafia here. [00:27:00] We don’t know, we don’t know anything about that never happened. Uh, how about this guy? No, no, no. How about this politician who’s doing it? He’s a good guy.
Gary: He’s a good guy. Yeah. Yeah. I’ve heard that. I don’t know how many times he’s a good guy. Yeah.
Bill: Now, uh, if it had been the other way and, and the church pe they’ll go into church people, the priest and all this is saying our kids are becoming addicted.
Uh, through it, it would’ve ruined, I mean, it would’ve been a big issue for, for Nick in this small community. Yeah. ’cause it is small.
Gary: Yep. In, in that world especially, I mean, I, I play golf with a really good guy whose sister was the gal that, that bought that gun that, that Corky ended up with. I won’t mention any names, but I know you know the deal.
Yeah. And he’s a good guy and he’s squares square John as anything and. You know, I, who knows, you know, I mean, it’s a, such a small world in Kansas City. Sure,
Bill: sure. Yeah. Well, they’ve, um, they’ve supported them and, uh, not [00:28:00] supported them in that way, but supported them in the sense it’s, it, it wasn’t like a direct support, but in the indirect, in indirectly.
Yeah. Uh, by, by, uh, ignoring it, by denying it, uh, you know, uh, by not ostracizing these people. That was important to Nick. Yeah. Well this
Gary: has been interesting. Fascinating.
Bill: Well, as long as they weren’t selling in that, in their community, in the, in the, uh, in the Italian c Italian American community.
Gary: And, and, and you know, that’s a good question as far as kicking up, uh, they wouldn’t do that. What they would do, maybe they would borrow money. And pay exorbitant rates when they paid it back.
But it would never be couched in those terms of, I’m doing this for you and so here I’m kicking back up to you. This is a piece of your piece of my action that you’re getting. ’cause you’re my guy. It would never be couched in those terms. It would only be couched in terms of a loan shark. Kind of a loan in which you made me a loan.
I don’t know. He doesn’t know what I’m doing with it, and I’m gonna [00:29:00] pay him. He loans me $50,000. I’m gonna give him back $75,000 here in about a month or less. So yeah, that’s how that would work in Kansas City.
Bill: One, uh, one final item is, uh, indicative of what happened to, uh, Coosa. Nostra. Totally. When the tradition, the traditions were ignored, the new breed came in.
These weren’t true osa, Nostra people, greed, power, and all. At the end of, uh, while, while I was retired, many of the cases that started to come to the federal courthouse were some of, uh, in fact, if you remember. Uh, cork son, uh oh yeah. On, um, ripe Tonya’s son. Yeah. His nephew was, was indicted and involved in, in distribution.
Gary: Right.
Bill: Uh, then the BOA group, there were drug people. Some of those, some of them were. So that was the ch that’s the generational change. If things had continued on, we may have seen a, a drug [00:30:00] organization. Because they didn’t believe in any of this business, uh, of, uh, being careful keeping, uh, a, a, a good, uh, profile the youth.
Uh, what has ruined, uh, what ruined Coosa. Ostra. Yeah.
Gary: Oh, yeah. Well, our guys actually worked that case on that young and Rife’s kid. He was just a, a dumb ass two bit, kind of hanging out in the co in the, uh, disco bar scene. Sure. Selling little bits of, of, of, uh. Cocaine,
Bill: the uh, uh, progression or the digression of the mob.
I, what, what I saw one day and I said, look at this. I remember when they all had suits and ties. They were, they were businessmen like everybody else. And even when the ties went out, they were well dressed. Uh, I remember when there was the leather jacket era. They all had leather, leather jacket and sans be slacks.
Slacks and
Gary: polo shirts and leather jackets. Yes. Yeah.
Bill: But they look good, Dan. Um, Nick didn’t allow beards or [00:31:00] mustaches. They had their, then there was a thing in, uh, one of the magazines. Of John Gotti Jr. Oh yeah. And his and his followers. He had a Wifebeater T-shirt on. He had muscles coming out of his ears and he had Bermuda shorts that looked like they came from the Caribbean.
And this was the Mob Boss? Yes. I said it’s over
Gary: really. And all the rest have wore tracksuits with big gold jeans around their neck.
Bill: That was one of the progressions. Yes. From the, into the tracksuits. Then it was into this, I don’t know, beaters. I don’t know what that life, what that style is called.
Gary: Really well.
This has been fun. This has, this has, uh, been illuminating, enlightening about the history of the, uh, narcotics, uh, investigation and narcotic narcotics law and how we got to where we are. And,