Abstract: While David is frequently held up as the standard for great kings in the Old Testament, examination of Nephi’s writings shows that he sought to imitate Moses the prophet rather than David the king. In fact, he never even mentions David. Relative to two major theological movements in Jerusalem in his day, “Zion theology,” in which David was the great hero, and “Deuteronomistic theology,” in which Moses was the hero, we see that Nephi was more aligned with Deuteronomistic theology, which was also more consistent with views in the Northern Kingdom, where Nephi’s ancestry originated.
David and Moses are the two most frequently named humans in the Old Testament. David (the most oft-named) was the great unifying king of Israel’s golden age, the political leader that successive generations of Israelites yearned to have lead Israel again, and the proto-typical messianic (anointed) ruler who subdues all foes while ushering in an era of peace. Moses (the second-most named) was the great law giver who, by the marvelous power of God, led the covenant people to salvation in the Promised Land.
If we ask the question “Which Old Testament character did Nephi most aspire to be like?” a strong argument could be made for Moses, while a tantalizing parallel argument could be made that Nephi did not want to be a king like David.
How did Nephi narrate his character like Moses? I’ll consider only a few examples.1
[Page 282]Nephi Wanted to Be a Prophet Like Moses
First, Nephi, just like Moses, regularly went into a high mountain to receive instructions for his people.
And it came to pass that after I, Nephi, had been in the land of Bountiful for the space of many days, the voice of the Lord came unto me, saying: Arise, and get thee into the mountain. And it came to pass that I arose and went up into the mountain, and cried unto the Lord. (1 Nephi 17:7)
And it came to pass that I, Nephi, did go forth up into the top of the mountain, according to the directions which were given upon the ball. (1 Nephi 16:30)
For it came to pass after I had desired to know the things that my father had seen, and believing that the Lord was able to make them known unto me, as I sat pondering in mine heart I was caught away in the Spirit of the Lord, yea, into an exceedingly high mountain, which I never had before seen, and upon which I never had before set my foot. (1 Nephi 11:1)
And Moses went up unto God, and the Lord called unto him out of the mountain. (Exodus 19:3)
Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb. … God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I. (Exodus 3:1, 4)
And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God. (Exodus 31:18)
Second, Nephi was like Moses because he, too, led the people safely through the waters to the Promised Land. Though not the most likely meaning of Nephi’s name, it is curious that one possible meaning in Egyptian is “sea captain.”