To celebrate the 100th episode of the Latin American History Podcast, today we have a special episode (the first of two parts) on Latin American music.

In this one we look at the significant contribution made by Latin America's Afro-descended populations on many of the region's genres. We discuss some of the musical techniques used in genres such as Salsa, Son, Cumbia, Samba and Bachata, the anthropological reasons that these grew up, as well as the social history within which these genres were birthed.

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It has been quite a while since we looked at what was happening in Spain and Portugal, and while they have not often been directly relevant to the story of Latin America, things are about to change.

In this episode we look at the contemporary kings of Iberia and why, although their reigns did saw huge growth in their New World empires, they generally considered them to be an afterthought.

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In 1555 the Kingdom of France took the dramatic step of attempting to colonise Brazil. This was the first time that a non-Iberian nation had challenged Portuguese and Spanish hegemony on the continent and would set a precedent which would later be followed by other European powers.

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Hugo Wong's book 'America's Lost Chinese' tells the fascinating - and often forgotten - story of a group of Chinese emigrees who made a home for themselves, first in California and then Mexico.

It is a story which spans the full spectrum of human experience – involved in it are meetings with presidents and successful business ventures, but also revolution, discrimination, and massacre.

The book has already been published and is available to buy now.

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In the final part of our series on the conquest of Chile, the conquering stops and a long drawn-out war begins. This will begin a pattern which will continue to the present day, as the Mapuche people fiercely resist outside incursions.

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The next phase of Valdivia's campaign was one of expansion. Things were going well, and new settlements were founded. It wasn't all easy however, he faced internal dissension and difficult weather slowed his progress.

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After all his difficulties preparing for his expedition, Valdivia was finally ready to march down into central Chile. While what he found there wasn't as inhospitable as his countrymen back in Peru believed it to be, it wasn't easy either. The first years of his new colony were a constant struggle to survive as setbacks came from every direction.

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Today we start a series on the conquest of Chile. In today's episode we introduce the main protagonists, and the difficulties preparing for a venture which most Spaniards thought was madness.

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Almost at the same time that Miguel de Buria was founding his brief free kingdom, another man was doing the same in Panama. Bayano would prove to be even more of a problem for the Spanish than his counterpart in Venezuela.

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Today's episode is an interview with Camilla Townsend about her new book The Aztec Myths.

In it we discuss the origins of the Aztec, the workings of their calendar, the codices which provide us with a vital insight into the Aztec world, and how Aztec religious practices were impacted by Christianity after the conquest.

The book can be pre-ordered here:

https://www.thamesandhudsonusa.com/books/the-aztec-myths-a-guide-to-the-ancient-stories-and-legends-hardcover

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