A sustainable competitive advantage refers to a unique set of attributes, resources, or capabilities that enable a company to outperform its competitors consistently over the long term. It is a source of enduring strength and differentiation that allows a company to maintain market leadership, generate superior returns, and sustain profitability despite competition.

Winning for the long run 🏆🔒 A lasting edge that competitors struggle to replicate.

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Supply and demand is a fundamental economic model that describes the relationship between the quantity of a good or service supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers at various prices. According to the law of supply, producers are willing to supply more of a good or service at higher prices, while the law of demand states that consumers are willing to purchase more of a good or service at lower prices.

Price follows the crowd 📈📉 More demand, higher prices; more supply, lower prices.

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Spillover effects, also known as externalities, refer to the unintended or indirect consequences of an economic activity or decision that affect third parties who are not directly involved in the activity. These effects can be positive (beneficial) or negative (harmful) and can occur in various contexts, including production, consumption, and investment.

One action, many consequences 🌊🎭 Unintended sideeffects, good or bad, from economic activity.

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Specialization is a strategy in which individuals, organizations, or economies focus on specific tasks, roles, or areas of expertise to achieve efficiency, productivity, and competitive advantage. By specializing in particular activities or functions, entities can leverage their skills, resources, and knowledge to produce higher-quality outputs, improve performance, and create value.

Becoming the expert 🎯🔬 Focusing on a niche to gain efficiency and mastery

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The Shirky Principle, named after internet theorist Clay Shirky, states that "institutions will try to preserve the problem to which they are the solution." It suggests that organizations, particularly those with entrenched interests or vested in existing solutions, may resist change or innovation that threatens their status quo, even if alternative solutions could be more effective or efficient.

Old systems resist change ⚙️🚧 Institutions keep doing what they do—even when it stops working.

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Seizing the middle is a strategic approach that involves positioning oneself or one's offerings in the middle ground between two extremes, thereby appealing to a broader audience and capturing market share.

Control the crossroads 🔗⚖️ Dominating the key position between suppliers and customers.

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Scarcity is an economic principle that describes the condition of limited resources relative to unlimited wants and needs. When resources are scarce, individuals, businesses, and societies must make choices about how to allocate these resources efficiently to satisfy their needs and maximize utility.

"Want it more when there’s less 🚱💎 Limited availability increases value and desire."

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Regulatory capture is a phenomenon in which regulatory agencies, tasked with overseeing industries or sectors in the public interest, become influenced or controlled by the entities they are supposed to regulate. It occurs when regulated industries or special interest groups exert undue influence through lobbying, political contributions, revolving doors, or other means, leading to policies and regulations that favor their interests over the broader public interest.

When the referees join the players 🎮🏛️ Regulators act infavor of the industries they oversee.

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Prospect Theory, proposed by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, is a behavioral economic theory that describes how people make decisions under uncertainty. It suggests that individuals evaluate potential gains and losses relative to a reference point (usually the status quo) and exhibit risk aversion when faced with potential losses, but risk-seeking behavior when faced with potential gains.

Losing hurts more than winning feels good 😨📉 Peoplefear losses more than they enjoy gains.

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Product/market fit is a concept popularized by venture capitalist Marc Andreessen, which refers to the degree of alignment between a product or service and the needs, preferences, and pain points of a target market. Achieving product/market fit indicates that the product or service effectively addresses a significant problem or opportunity in the market and resonates with customers, leading to strong demand, adoption, and satisfaction.

Right product, right people 🏆💡 When customers love what you’re selling.

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