The Nature & Nurture Podcast

By Adam OmaryScience

The Nature & Nurture Podcast episodes

February 28, 2024 Nature & Nurture #134: Dr. Sergio Pellis - The Neurobiology of Play
Dr. Sergio Pellis is a Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Lethbridge and one of the world’s leading experts in the neurobiology of play.
In this episode, we discuss how play behavior across mammals relies on the same neural reward circuitry, the evolutionary origins and benefits of play, and how hormones contribute to sex differences in aggression, sexual, and play behavior. We also discuss connections between play across species and empathy, its impact on the development of social skills in children, and the impacts of social isolation on brain and cognitive development.
00:15 The Neuroscience of Play: A Historical Perspective
04:01 The Evolutionary Purpose of Play
06:37 The Role of Reward Systems in Play
15:36 The Developmental Stages of Play in Animals
27:20 The Social Functions of Play
34:29 The Neurobiology of Play and Its Impact on Brain Development
35:54 The Impact of Play on Brain Development
36:41 Exploring Sex Differences in Play
37:49 The Role of Hormones in Play Behavior
39:20 The Influence of Rearing Environment on Play
39:40 The Shift in Play Tactics at Puberty
41:23 The Complexity of Sex Differences in Play
45:14 The Impact of Social Isolation on Brain Development
46:26 The Importance of Play for Both Sexes
50:11 The Influence of Play on Executive Functions
01:00:30 The Role of Pheromones in Social Interactions
01:08:15 The Impact of Play Deprivation on Brain Development
01:10:05 The Psychological Training Aspect of Play
01:11:08 The Empathy Developed Through Animal Research
1 hr 12 min
February 21, 2024 Nature & Nurture #133: Angel Millar - The Path of the Warrior-Mystic
Angel Millar is a hypnotist, martial artist, and author of The Path of the Warrior-Mystic: Being a Man in an Age of Chaos.
In this episode we discuss the balance between masculine and feminine traits, discipline and creativity, mind and body, and tradition and modernity. The warrior-mystic, Angel explains, represents the ideal balance between these traits, and we discuss historical examples including Greek philosopher-athletes, Japanese samurai-artists, and English knight-poets. We discuss the virtues of discipline and delayed gratification, how they apply to modern life amidst our panoplies of temptation, their relation to evolution and sexual selection, and the archetypal symbols in each of these motifs and in mythology. Lastly, we discuss Angel’s career as a hypnotist, and our formative experiences leading to our shared interests in psychology, mysticism, and traditional masculinity.
00:24 Exploring Masculinity and Spirituality
02:14 The Warrior Mystic: Balancing Masculine and Feminine
03:07 Historical Shifts in Masculinity and Femininity
03:45 Impact of World Wars on Gender Roles
06:22 The Role of Archetypal Patterns in Culture
09:30 The Power of Anticipation and Delayed Gratification
12:15 Exploring the Benefits of Meditation
15:00 The Journey into the Unknown: Sir Gawain's Story
16:32 The Role of Boredom in Creativity
18:54 The Impact of Social Media on Honesty
23:13 The Intersection of Video Games and Personal Growth
25:17 The Importance of Balance in Personal Development
28:00 The Role of Risk-Taking in Personal Growth
30:24 The Power of Diverse Interests in Innovation
33:12 The Role of Creativity in Leadership
37:52 The Role of Masculinity in Modern Culture
38:32 The Dichotomy of Gender Roles
41:03 The Symbolism of Beheading in Art
43:43 The Phoenix Motif and Its Connection to Christ
45:50 The Influence of Past on Self-Improvement
52:27 The Role of Hypnotism in Self-Improvement
57:53 The Influence of Attractiveness on Self-Improvement
1 hr 2 min
February 15, 2024 Nature & Nurture #132: Dr. Daniel Quintana - Oxytocin & Sex Hormones
Daniel Quintana is an Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo. He leads a lab investigating biological systems that link psychological and social factors to health, with a focus on neuroendocrine systems (e.g., oxytocin) and the autonomic nervous system. His lab uses various research approaches, including intranasal oxytocin studies, large-scale genetics studies, neuroimaging, and the collection of autonomic nervous system data (e.g., heart rate variability). Learn more about Daniel’s work at: https://www.dsquintana.com/
1 hr 5 min
February 07, 2024 Nature & Nurture #131: Dr. Lee Cronin - Evolution, Entropy, & The Chemical Origins of Life
Dr. Lee Cronin is a Professor and the Regius Chair of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, where he leads research on the chemical origins of life, computerized chemistry, and assembly theory. In this episode, we explore how assembly theory, analogues between chemistry and computation, the origins of life, the concepts of entropy and time, quantum mechanics, consciousness, simulation theories of the universe, and much more.
00:32 Understanding Assembly Theory
01:47 Bridging the Gap: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology
03:27 The Role of Information Processing
04:24 Complexity in Biology and Neuroscience
06:02 Applying Assembly Theory to Molecules
08:57 Exploring the Origins of Life
18:16 Entropy and Complexity
22:21 Time and Selection
32:45 Quantum Mechanics and Uncertainty Principle
37:47 Heat Death State and Space as an Emergent Property of Time
39:07 Emergence of Space and Time
41:28 Randomness, Free Will and Consciousness
42:27 Panpsychism and Consciousness
52:45 Free Energy Principle and Neuroscience
58:38 Simulation Theories and Combinatorial Explosions
01:03:15 Scientific Anarchy and Progress
#Chemistry #Physics #Biology #AssemblyTheory #Consciousness #Simulation #Entropy #Time #Quantum #Selection #Evolution #FreeWill

1 hr 4 min
February 01, 2024 Nature & Nurture #130: Dr. Alex Byrne - There Is No Gender Without Sex
Dr. Alex Byrne is a Professor of Philosophy at MIT and author of Trouble with Gender.
In this episode, we talk about the problematic concept of gender, which is often used interchangeably to mean sex, gender identity, gender role, gender norm, or gender stereotypes. Alex and I discuss each of these, and their precise definitions in philosophy, biology, or sociology in detail. We also discuss the problem of identity and categorization in philosophy of mind and language more broadly, as a source of some of the confusion. Lastly, we discuss the nuances of defining sex and gender in intersex and transgender populations, the essentialist nature of felt gender identity, the concept of transracialism, the ethics of social and medical gender transition in children, and answer the question: What is a woman?
00:18 Understanding the 'Trouble with Gender'
02:19 Exploring the History of Gender Philosophy
05:07 The Role of Language in Defining Gender
05:46 The Complexity of Gender Terminology
10:16 The Misinterpretation of Gender Concepts
22:22 The Absurdity of Precise Definitions
41:33 The Biological Definition of Sex
58:18 The Hypothetical Cat-Dog: A Thought Experiment of Social Perception
01:02:32 Gender, Sex, and the Complexity of Identity
01:03:35 The Practical Implications of Defining Gender
01:05:51 Transgender Identity and the Question of 'Passing'
01:20:21 The Philosophical Dilemma of Pronouns and Gender Identity
01:22:33 Transracialism and the Social Construct of Identity
01:46:13 The Controversy of Autogynephilia and Gender Identity
01:53:29 The Reception and Impact of Controversial Philosophical Ideas
1 hr 44 min
January 24, 2024 Nature & Nurture #129: Dr. Wolfram Schultz - All About Dopamine Neurons
Dr. Wolfram Schultz is a Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge and one of the world’s leading experts on dopamine.
In this episode, we discuss the dopamine system's role in reward processing, evolutionary fitness, the functioning of dopamine neurons, the interplay between reward vs punishment, and the complexity of neurons. Dr. Schultz overviews core mechanisms of value-guided decision-making, risk-taking, addiction, the role of prediction error in shaping reinforcement learning, how these are all explained by dopamine, and the differences between dopamine and serotonin
00:18 Understanding Reward Processing in Animals
01:29 Evolutionary Role of Reward System
03:31 Complexity of Reward System and Dopamine Neurons
04:31 Differentiating Reward and Avoidance Systems
05:35 Role of Emotion in Reward Processing
08:07 Exploring Consciousness and its Measurement
08:49 Dopamine Firing in Different Scenarios
11:41 Understanding the Complexity of Neurons
18:23 Exploring the Concept of Prediction Error
27:36 Understanding the Role of Dopamine in Depression
30:52 Understanding the Role of Serotonin and Dopamine
33:55 Exploring the Concept of Metacognition
43:28 Understanding the Development of Reward System in Humans
43:59 Understanding the Reward System in Infants
45:36 The Maturation of the Reward System
46:41 The Role of Neural Connections in Reward System
47:23 The Concept of Reward Sensitivity During Adolescence
48:44 The Importance of Exploration in Reward System
54:53 The Role of Dopamine in Reward System
01:02:41 Understanding Addiction and Dopamine's Role
01:02:45 The Impact of Modern Day Environment on Reward System
01:13:04 The Role of Risk in Assessing Subjective Reward Value
01:18:06 Understanding Individual Differences in Reward Sensitivity
01:20:14 The Never-Ending Journey of Incentive Reward
#Neuroscience #Dopamine #RewardProcessing #BehavioralEconomics #Addiction #RiskTaking #NatureandNurture
1 hr 22 min
January 17, 2024 Nature & Nurture #128: Dr. Camilla Nord - Neurotransmitters, Prediction Error, & Mental Health
Dr. Camilla Nord is a neuroscientist, leader of the Mental Health Neuroscience Lab at the University of Cambridge, and the author of The Balanced Brain: The Science of Mental Health.
In this episode we talk about The Balanced Brain, prediction error as the source of positive and negative emotion, how dopamine controls motion, motivation, and pleasure, how serotonin regulates mood and response to the social world, and how anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medications work on the brain. We also talk about the neuroscience of hallucinations in schizophrenia and on psychedelics, the role of homeostasis and the gut microbiome in regulating mood consciously and unconsciously, interactions between the brainstem and cortex in producing consciousness, the role of mindfulness in mental health, and much more.
00:20 Understanding Emotions and Brain Processes
01:40 Exploring the Impact of Novelty and Curiosity
02:10 Introversion, Extroversion, and the Pandemic
03:16 Understanding Anxiety and its Role in Academia
05:05 The Balanced Brain: A Discussion on the Dynamic Nature of the Brain
06:56 The Influence of Predictive Processing on Mental Health
16:54 Exploring the Role of Psychedelics in Mental Health
21:22 The Interplay of Biology and Social Factors in Mental Health
23:22 Understanding the Role of Disgust in Mental Health
33:52 The Impact of Social Hierarchy on Mental Health
37:20 The Impact of Social Hierarchy on Academics
40:30 The Role of Dopamine in Motivation and Action Planning
42:11 Understanding Parkinson's Disease and Dopamine's Role
44:14 Differences Between Dopamine and Serotonin in Mental Health
45:30 The Effect of Antidepressants on Perception and Mood
47:55 The Role of Serotonin in Depression and Its Treatment
55:38 The Potential of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Treating Depression
01:02:32 The Continuum of Mental Disorders and the Role of Genetics
01:11:37 The Role of Spirituality and Rationality in Mental Health
#neuroscience #mentalhealth #Medication #SSRIs #serotonin #dopamine #depression #psychopathology #society #videogames #brainbodyinteraction #CamillaNord #anxiety #schizophrenia #antidepressants #cognitivetherapy
1 hr 15 min
December 22, 2023 Nature & Nurture #127. Dr. Rachel Marsh - Self-Regulation, Brain Development, & Anxiety
Dr. Rachel Marsh is the Irving Philips Professor of Medical Psychology in Child Psychology at Columbia University Medical Center, where she runs the Cognitive Development and Neuroimaging Lab. Dr. Marsh studies the neurodevelopment of self-regulatory control and its pathology in disorders such as OCD, eating disorders, and Tourette’s syndrome. More recently, she studies how maternal stress contributes to intergenerational transmission of regulatory deficits.
56 min
December 15, 2023 Nature & Nurture #126. Dr. Walter Veit - Animal Consciousness, Evolution, & Morality
Dr. Walter Veit is a Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Reading and author of A Philosophy for the Science of Animal Consciousness. He is an expert in philosophy of mind, cognitive and biological sciences, applied ethics, and animal welfare.
In this episode, we talk about philosophy of mind and the evolution of consciousness in animals. Walter outlines his theory of the evolution of phenomenological complexity and affective experience in animals, its similarities and differences with computational theories of consciousness outlined by past podcast guests Kevin Mitchell and Mark Solms, and the diversity of consciousness ranging from humans, to other mammals, to octopuses and fish, to plant life and single cellular organisms. We discuss how animals’ capacity for experiencing pleasure and pain contribute to sentientist morality, whether human morality is anthropocentric, and how Walter’s research informs his views on animal welfare ethics.

1 hr 18 min
December 06, 2023 Nature & Nurture #125: Dr. Ellen Langer - The Mother of Mindfulness
Dr. Ellen Langer is a Professor of Psychology at Harvard University and one of the pioneers of the positive psychology movement, known as the Mother of Mindfulness. Dr. Langer has won numerous awards including 3 Distinguished Scientist Award, the Staats Award for Unifying Psychology, and the Liberty Science Genius Award. She is the author of 13 books on mindfulness, including 5 on mindfulness, most recently The Mindful Body.
1 hr 14 min

About The Nature & Nurture Podcast

From the publisher's feed

Discussing the interaction between Nature (our biology, genes, evolutionary past, and the laws of our universe) and Nurture (our social environments, culture, history, and upbringings), and how these forces impact our lives. New episodes every week with scientists, authors, and bright minds from a wide array of backgrounds.