The defeat at Lepanto shattered Ottoman ambitions in the Mediterranean, halting their advance and preserving Western supremacy over these crucial waters. The myth of Turkish invincibility lay broken, and across Europe, a new certainty took root—the Turks, once an unstoppable force, could indeed be crushed. This victory rekindled a fierce confidence in the West, a conviction that Ottoman power could not only be matched but, in time, defeated.

Lepanto. October 7, 1571.
Turkish Muslim Forces: 245 War Galleys
Allied Christian Forces: 316 Spanish, Venetian, and Papal ships; 30,000 soldiers, and 50,000 naval personnel.

Additional Reading and Episode Research:

• Fuller, J.F.C. A Military History of the Western World.
• Warner, Oliver. Great Sea Battles.
• Beeching, Jack. The Galleys at Lepanto.
• Paulson, Michael. Lepanto: Fact, Fiction, and Reality. 

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