Carlos Gallinger joins the podcast again as a Big Horn Sheep expert. He talks about modern migration patterns of the animal and how that can help archaeologists find petroglyphs and understand better the prehistoric people that hunted and revered them.

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Dr. Alan Garfinkel has studied animal-human headdresses in the eastern Mojave desert for much of his career. These items help shamans commune with the spirit world and show the people they support that prosperity is coming. What do these date to? What were they made of? All this and more on today's episode.

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• California Rock Art Foundation

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Bighorn sheep were and are a major source of food, religion, and spirituality in many parts of the Americas. Dr. Garfinkel has study rock art and shamanism in the Coso range of southeastern California and the surrounding area and has a lot to say on this topic.

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This episode is a bit different. Dr. Garfinkel discusses and sketches his latest unpublished research into some new and rather revolutionary interpretations of Coso rock art. Coso rock art is located in eastern California and represents some of the greatest concentrations of rock art in the entire Western Hemisphere. It is surprisingly realistic and representational. We will dive into ancient archaic Utoaztecan religious thought and look at the relationships between Coso the American Southwest and into Mesoamerica!

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• California Rock Art Foundation

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The ghost dance was a revitalistic movement that was most popular in the 1870s and 1890s. The religious leaders of the ghost dance movement were religious specialists who dreamed a prophetic vision. That vision included that the world was to be remade over and that the dead would come back to life and the world would returnTo the way it was before your Americans entered their lands. To usher in that New World native people were to dance around dance for several days day and night and that by praying and dancing and singing this would bring in a new world of peace and prosperity.

Anthropologist and archaeologist have identified about two dozen rock art sites that appear to commemorate or document this time of the religious movement of the ghost dance. He’s historic paintings are in many colors and depict dancers and the return of animals and plants and the return of the dead. The paintings also document and portray the principal religious beliefs of now the participants in the movement which include a layered cosmos a depiction of the Thunderbird BighornSheep and other animals and a central white horse image.

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What? That's right. Arrowheads, or as archaeologists know them, projectile points, are sometimes carved or painted on rock as parts of people. In this episode we talk about projectile-pointed people and other depictions of projectile points in rock drawings.

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In this week's episode, Dr. Alan Garfinkel interviews Kirk Astroth about new and innovative methods he used to date rock art for his masters thesis. Kirk used a combination of established methods and new technology to date panels containing prehistoric, historic, as well as modern rock art. He came to several interesting conclusions, as well as identified ways to continue developing this new direction in rock art dating.

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• California Rock Art Foundation

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Dr. Don Liponi joins the Rock Art podcast again to talk about his ongoing work and publications regarding La Rumarosa rock art and the Kumeyaay people. His publications are bringing light to this fantastic rock art and the people that created it, and, is helping the Kumeyaay people directly.

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On past episodes we've talked about "scratched" rock art as a style. Today we're going to talk about the California and western United States expression of that style, "Numic Scratched". What is it, where do you find it, how old is it, and how is it related to women?

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David Sucec is Director of the Barrier Canyon Style (BCS) Rock Art of Utah. BCS is one of the more remarkable rock art expressions in North America. It dates from as early as 7,000 to 2,000 years ago and is mainly a polychrome painted style. The patterned expressions adorn the dramatic canyons of the spectacular Utah topography. The images are haunting and consist of very small but many times very large images of decorated and "floating" spirit figures. Sucec has dedicated over 30 years to the proper recording of this world class rock art tradition through detailed photographic imaging. Our discussion will focus on why has Barrier Canyon rock been so evocative and intriguing. We are honored to have Sucec share the story of his odyssey with BCS!

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• California Rock Art Foundation

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