Edith Stein (also known as Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross or Saint Edith Stein - 12 October 1891 – 9 August 1942) was a German Jewish philosopher who converted to Christianity and became a Discalced Carmelite nun. When the Nazis conquered Holland, Teresa was arrested, and, with her sister Rose, was sent to the concentration camp at Auschwitz. Teresa died in the gas chambers of Auschwitz in 1942 at the age of fifty-one. In 1987, she was beatified in the large outdoor soccer stadium in Cologne by Pope John Paul II. She is canonized as a martyr and saint of the Catholic Church; she is also one of six patron saints of Europe.

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