Exodus 5-10 recounts the escalating conflict between Moses and Pharaoh as God moves with his purpose to free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.

Moses and Aaron approach Pharaoh, demanding that he let the Israelites go to worship their God. Pharaoh refuses and worsens their oppression by forcing them to make bricks without supplying straw. The Israelites blame Moses, who turns to God in distress.

God reassures Moses, reaffirming His promise to deliver Israel with mighty acts. Genealogies of key Israelite leaders are also provided.

Moses and Aaron confront Pharaoh again, demonstrating a sign by turning Aaron’s staff into a serpent. Pharaoh remains obstinate, and the first plague—turning the Nile River into blood—devastates Egypt.

A series of plagues follow: frogs, gnats, flies, livestock disease, boils, and hail. After each plague, Pharaoh either hardens his heart or offers to release the Israelites under restrictive conditions, but ultimately refuses.

The plagues intensify with locusts, followed by darkness covering Egypt for three days. Pharaoh’s resistance continues, though his advisors plead with him to relent.

These chapters reveal Pharaoh’s stubbornness, God’s growing display of power, and the mounting tensions leading toward the final, devastating plague.