When people talk about investing, they often speak as if there is a single correct approach. In reality, there are multiple styles of investing, each rooted in a different view of markets, human behavior, and risk. Confusion arises when investors mix these approaches without realizing they are playing different games. Three of the most common styles are value investing, momentum investing, and arbitrage. All three can work. All three can fail. And most importantly, all three require very different skills, temperaments, and operating environments. Understanding the differences is not academic. It determines whether you are acting intentionally or gambling unknowingly.

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