In 1986, the Soviet Union had slightly more than 10,000 computers. The Americans had 1.3 million. 

At the time of Stalin's death, the Soviet Union was the world's third most proficient computing power. But by the 1960s, the US-Soviet computing gap was already years long. Twenty years later, the gap was undeniable and basically permanent. 

Why did this happen? The Soviet state believed in science and industrial modernization. Support for research & development and the hard sciences were plentiful. They had the country’s finest minds. 

Goodness gracious, they launched Sputnik! They landed on Venus! How did it come to this?