During WWII, the government created the National War Labor Board to regulate labor and control inflation. Instead, says Bryant Etheridge, the Southern regional board raised wages for the lowest earners. And: The Black Panther Party famously advocated for Black revolutionaries to arm themselves for self-defence. Edward Onaci explores the long history of Black revolutionary movements for self-defense.

Later in the show: For a brief moment in time after Reconstruction, a biracial coalition called The Readjuster Party took power in Virginia. Sheren Sanders tells the story of how Black republicans, white working class Virginians, former Confederates, and Democrats, all came together to readjust Virginia’s debt and give those funds back to the people. Plus: For some, Barack Obama’s presidency is evidence that the Civil Rights movement succeeded. How did Black voters see him at the time? Athena King explores how Black movement leaders supported Obama and where they challenged him.

Take your flashlight and grab a compass - let’s go exploring! Peter Berquist lives and breathes boats. He captains the R/V Investigator, a 24 foot Carolina Skiff. Every semester he takes his students out on the boat for adventures and first-hand research experience. Peter has been named an outstanding faculty member by The State Council of Higher Education for Virginia. And: Dave Waldien is a real life explorer. And he has the title to prove it! He’s a National Geographic Explorer and travels all over the world protecting endangered bat species.

Later in the show: European explorers first made contact with West Africa in the 15th century, and thriving trade relations soon followed. But Neil Norman says the Europeans weren’t the ones calling the shots - it was powerful West African kingdoms like Ouida, located in present day Benin.

Dr. Emma Violand-Sanchez has dedicated her life to supporting immigrant and refugee students in the American public education system. Emma immigrated from Bolivia to America without her parents in 1961 as a senior in high school, knowing little English. Her memoir Dreams and Shadows: An Immigrant’s Journey is a Virginia story, from the desk of a 16-year-old Emma during the height of desegregation and an adult woman who often had to justify her presence in schools where she was supporting immigrants and refugees. And: Public libraries have a lot to offer. Suzanne Grossman says that public libraries can be doorways into American culture for people who have just immigrated to the U.S.

Later in the show: Europe has welcomed an unprecedented amount of immigrants over the past decade. Georg Menz says that many people migrating from places that are culturally unlike Europe. As immigration debates intensify, Georg says that one approach to ensuring better outcomes for hopeful migrants is to send them to countries that are more culturally similar to their home countries. Plus: For all of our differences, Americans do have a sense of what it is to be an American. And an even greater sense of what it is to not be an American. Jennifer Byrne says that there are three key factors that impact how Americans think about immigration.

The patient-doctor relationship is complicated and fraught. Patients often feel confused and talked down to, in part because doctors feel like they need to project authority. As a physician and a poet, Laura Kolbe is trying to make room for uncertainty and humility from both sides in the exam room. Kolbe’s new collection of poetry, Little Pharma, explores the messy and human side of doctoring. And: The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed so many vulnerabilities in our healthcare system, from racial inequities to provider burnout. Irène Mathieu is a writer, pediatrician, and medical teacher. She argues that poetry can be a small part of fixing those vulnerabilities.

Later in the show: What if the difference between the right diagnosis and the wrong diagnosis is whether or not a doctor thinks you’re believable? Cathryn Molloy shares why education, socio-economic status, and especially gender influence how doctors listen to and treat their patients. Plus: What happens when we empower on-the-ground healthcare workers like nurses with the ability to solve problems and make real changes in their workplace? Nursing and design thinking expert Erica Lewis says the lives of both healthcare workers and patients are transformed.

Virginia’s Eastern Shore has a distinct way of living–and eating. And looking at the environment and economy of the Eastern Shore, there are some big changes on the horizon. Virginia Folklife Director Katy Clune digs in and asks: What are the cultural values of the region today? Scientists and policy makers talk about climate resilience. What about cultural resilience?

Later in the show: Jessica Taylor has been recording oral histories in Eastern Virginia for nearly two decades. She says the people she’s spoken to paint a picture of migration in the area. How do some families manage to keep their land and their roots while others are pushed out? And: Tangier Island is the last inhabited island in Virginia that’s only reachable by boat. And because of rapid environmental changes, it’s becoming an increasingly difficult place to live. Lincoln Lewis first visited Tangier Island to study the crab houses used by fishermen there, but has since moved to the island. He’s studying how locals consider long-term planning for the island.

The Clinch River in Southwest Virginia is one of the oldest rivers in the world. And it’s home to 50 different mussel species. But many of them are endangered. Bruce Cahoon and his students may have recently found a clue about what’s causing the die offs. And: Virginia’s marshes are so thick and tough, hardly anything eats them. Except for purple crabs. They eat the grass and the root, leaving behind nothing but a muddy wasteland. David Johnson says armies of these purple crabs are decimating salt marshes up and down the east coast of the United States.

Later in the show: Virginia’s bay scallops virtually went extinct in the 1930’s. The culprit? A disease that killed off their natural habitat of seagrass. But Chris Patrick and Richard Snyder have recently brought them back from the brink of collapse. Plus: Cholera is no joke. It causes extreme diarrhea in humans and can be deadly within hours. Alison Burke studies what she calls the “cousin of cholera.” It’s a bacteria like cholera found in warm waters that lives and spreads in oysters. She’s looking to use a special kind of virus called a bacteriophage to decontaminate oysters before they wind up on our plates.

We as humans need connection. So we often slip into the chameleon effect. We mimic others’ tone and mannerisms in conversation to empathize and connect. Otherwise, we might be perceived as cold. Nicole Guajardo says that in our digital world, using emojis has become a major way to mimic tone and express interest in conversation. And: Owners of social media platforms make a lot of money off of our constant bickering. And the algorithm is hard-wired to keep us clicking on the next thing that will piss us off. Caddie Alford says that some users are migrating to more comforting places like Reddit, where they can connect in niche communities and leave the drama behind.

Later in the show: What do Kelly Clarkson and Jay-Z have in common? Their songs have helped Sean Ruday teach his students about subordinate clauses and prepositional phrases. He says that using worksheets to teach grammar is perfect if you only want students to use grammar on worksheets. But using real-world examples of grammar in action helps students in their writing and communication with others. Plus: In 25 years of teaching composition, Diann Baecker had never experienced an 18-year-old saying that something “resonated” with them. Sure, they’re using the word correctly. But that’s not how they speak. Increasingly she finds that her students are using AI because they’re afraid to make mistakes in their writing.

For more than a century, bestseller lists have been full of mysteries, thrillers, and detective stories. Alice Kinder takes us back through the history of detective tales from Agatha Christie and Sherlock Holmes to Edgar Allen Poe. And: What does it take to write a mystery novel? Polly Stewart, takes us into the creation of The Felons’ Ball, her new book about family, moonshining, and murder in the mountains of Virginia.

Later in the show: Fictional detectives rely on their wit and intuition to solve crimes–but also the cleverest forensic techniques. From the presence of rare bat droppings to unexpected fingerprints, footprints, or even lip prints–how realistic are fictional forensics? Barbara Spellman talks us through the real science behind forensic clues. Plus: Detective stories sometimes get a reputation as being pulpy or unserious. They’re “just-for-fun” reading. But Antonia Delgado-Poust says that the detective fiction written by Spanish women in the 1990s and 2000s was more than just a good story. These writers were grappling with Spain’s political legacy of injustice.

Awful memories from war often hang around long after the bullets stop flying. And writing can be a powerful tool to get a handle on past trauma. David Robbins teaches a semester-long writing class called the Mighty Pen Project designed for veterans. And: Laura Bender is a retired chaplain who has taken the Mighty Pen writing class almost every year since 2020. She says it's the community that keeps her coming back. Producer Matt Darroch has the story. Also: In the heat of battle, soldiers might have to do things that violate their moral beliefs. And when they come home, the weight of that trauma can turn into something called moral injury. Michelle Kelley studies how mindfulness can help veterans heal the burden of moral injury.

Later in the show: Whether it's juggling classes with a family or navigating the GI Bill, the transition from the military to college life isn’t easy. That’s where Chequana Boisseau and Elliot Ronan come in. They provide crucial programming to make the military community feel at home at Reynolds Community College. Plus: Military deployments can be long. They can range from a week to a few months to even a year. And as more military women are deploying, more male spouses are staying at home on family duty. Desh Nendze created a support program for non-deployed male spouses to boost camaraderie while their wives were away.

As India celebrates 76 years of independence - Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, has drawn criticism for promoting a kind of hindu nationalism that’s rooted in the colonial period. Rohan Kalyan says Modi’s vision for India doesn’t leave much room for non-hindus and other minorities. And: Neel Amin studies the writings of British hunters in 19th century India. He says a nomadic people called the Banjara threatened the sense of colonial superiority held by the British.

Later in the show: In 1765, the ruler of the Indian province of Awadh was defeated in battle by the East India Company. Flush with war debt, he turned to his wife, Bahu Begam, to bail him out. Nick Abbott looks at how Bahu Begam leveraged her wealth to gain political influence during the colonial period. Plus: While Greco-Roman polytheism has long died off, Hinduism remains alive and well. In fact, it’s the third largest religion in the world. So what accounts for its staying power? Atin Basu says it’s because there’s no jealousy among the pantheon of Hindu gods.