Mythological retellings have been having A Moment in fiction for a few years now. So, why do we do that? Kritika H. Rao joins us to explore the power and agency inherent in recontextualizing mythology for a modern readership! What is it that we reclaim or rediscover in retelling these stories for ourselves? And, on the other end of the scale, how can the retelling of ancient stories sometimes be weaponized and politicized for a specific purpose?

When it comes to respinning our world's mythology for a novel, authors may find themselves caught somewhere between the constraints of readers' expectations and the abundant freedom that the myths themselves may present. Myths frequently do not adhere to the supposed rules of either storytelling or worldbuilding: things happen because they happen, or because gods, and plot threads don't always resolve as we would expect them to elsewhere.

And if you're building your own pantheon and mythology for your fantasy world, how do you go about that? What kinds of things would the people in your society choose to tell stories about? What are the things they most want to explain to themselves and use as a vessel to pass along their values and traditions? Just as we examine the role of myths in our own history and society, we can apply that examination to our invented worlds as well!

[Transcript TK]

Our Guest: Kritika H. Rao is a speculative and children’s fiction author, who has lived in India, Australia, Canada, and The Sultanate of Oman. Whether writing for younger audiences or adults, Kritika’s stories are influenced by her lived experiences, and explore themes of self vs. the world, identity, and the nature of consciousness. When she is not writing, she is probably making lists. She drops in and out of social media; you might catch her on Instagram @KritikaHRao. Visit her online at www.kritikahrao.com. 

The world a character exists in shapes their identity on many axes of power and privilege. So how do those various scales affect the emotional stakes of the story they find themselves in? Guest Sophie Burnham joins us to discuss building a world that suits the characters you have in your head!

As a writer who starts with character first, Burnham answers questions about their world after they know who their characters are and what dynamics drive them. If that's your style, how do you then build a world that makes sense for them to exist in -- whether they're in sync with the dominant paradigms of their world or in conflict with the systems that rule them? How do you determine things like class structure, technology levels, clothing, and more? How do the world's problems and the characters' problems intertwine and inform each other? Worldbuilding can be an excellent way to define the obstacles that face your character--and the solutions they find for them!

[Transcript TK]

Our Guest: Sophie (they/them) is the author of the Ex Romana trilogy. The first novel, Sargassa, is now available wherever books are sold.

They have been a participating writer in—and the script doctor behind—multiple studio film and television projects. They’re a recovering theatre kid with a BFA in Acting from Syracuse University. Sophie lives with their dog on an island in Rhode Island, which is not an island.

And obviously the answer is yes! But in this episode, we answer your questions! We talk about the "rules" and common advice of worldbuilding -- and the ways in which we merrily ignore, redefine, or defy them. We pull apart some techniques related to the craft of communicating worldbuilding to a reader and how to achieve balance within a story. We do some shop talk about the publishing world. And we give you our very important opinions about unicorns.

We also do a little recap of 2024! From novels and novellas to getting the Traveling Light anthology out to meeting up in Scotland, we did some things! What will come in 2025? Well... Keep listening to the podcast, and you'll find out along with us!

[Transcript TK]

How do the people in your world learn things? Lessons learned might come from formalized institutions, but knowledge might also get passed down through families, through guilds and trade organizations, or through the wisdom whispered in a character's ear by the trees. A world's literacy rate will define a lot about how information gets transmitted, preserved, or altered over time. So who controls the access to information, and how do they enforce it?

We also poke at the perennially persistent trope of the magical school. How is magical education similar to or different from other forms of education in your society? Is it mandatory, to help control the danger that magic might present to society, or is it a privilege reserved for a very few? How about magical R&D -- How do people discover or develop new magic?

[Transcript for Episode 144]

In this episode, we discuss purely fictional, 100% not-at-all real, nothing to do with contemporary life ideas about rebellions and revolutions. Any resemblance to actual events, locations, or persons is coincidental. Completely.

Continuing our "back to basics" series, and jumping off of a lot of the things we've discussed in the recent episodes on governments and politics, we think about what happens when those things break down. What conditions within the world you're building might lead to a rebellion? What sustains it? What allows it to succeed, or what will cause it to fail? How much of the righteousness of a revolution depends upon where you're standing? How does the rest of the world view the resistance -- and what shapes their ideas of it?

So we talk a lot about Star Wars. And Battlestar Galactica. And The Hunger Games.

Y'know. Fiction.

So once you've got a government, what can that government do? What does it regulate, and how is it, itself, regulated? Laws can be created for a lot of reasons, some good and some bad. Sometimes they protect a citizen's opportunity to do certain things, sometimes they present a block to those opportunities, and very often, they aren't applied equally and equitably across all of society. So when you're building a world: How does the law work? From creation to enforcement to justice (or the lack thereof), what are the mechanics, and who has the ability to access -- or manipulate -- them?

Laws also aren't the only way that a society regulates itself. Moral standards, taboos, and customs also have a sort of governing force, as well as their own systems of enforcement. How does that get entangled with the way your characters live their lives?

[Transcript for Episode 142]

Government is a set of rules agreed upon, and politics is how a society determines those rules. So how do you create the systems by which civilizations negotiate those levers of power in your fantasy or sci-fi world? On the sliding scale of representation to authoritarianism, where do the civilizations in your world fall -- and why? What pressures have shaped society to behave in the ways that it does? How centralized or de-centralized is it? 

So much of this can depend on the matrix of identity: the question of who gets to participate in government. Sometimes that's the official government, and sometimes that's the back-channels and shadow governments. And -- how much sense does your government really have to make, considering the real-world examples we have to draw from? Dysfunction can be every bit as authentic as function -- and often a lot more interesting for your plot!

[Transcript for Episode 141]

As with the last two “back to basics” episodes, we thought we’d spend some time looking the thing that (usually, though there are exceptions) makes fantasy fantastical – the magic! How do we build magical systems, and what questions do we ask ourselves while doing so? Guest and former WFM co-host Rowenna Miller joins us to discuss how, exactly, we make magic!

With magic being a foundational element of a world, when it exists in one, how does it touch all the other things that are in your world? Where does it come from (and is that the same thing as where your characters think it comes from)? Who can use it? Does that confer power -- or draw persecution? What are the limits on what magic can do -- and how might your characters push those boundaries? Magic is such a powerful force, and there are so many exciting ways to build it into your story!

(Transcript for Episode 140 -- thank you, scribes!)

Our Guest: Rowenna Miller is the author of the Unraveled Kingdom trilogy and The Fairy Bargains of Prospect Hill, as well as short fiction. She is also a prior cohost of this podcast! And also an English professor, and a fairly handy seamstress. She lives in Indiana with her husband, two daughters, four cats, and an ever-growing flock of chickens.

We’re spending a couple of episodes going back to the basics of worldbuilding, talking about the questions that it’s often fruitful to ask oneself when you’re doing this wild thing. Last time we did the physical world, so now it’s time for the world of people!

What are the building blocks of a human life? (Or an alien one, or draconic, or elven, or whatever you've got?) From the most intimate relationships out to the way societies grow and govern, there's a lot to consider and make choices about. So what questions can help you crack open all the different things that shape your characters' lives? And how can the answers help you throw interesting problems and roadblocks at them?

Cass's Choose vs Presume Handout

(Transcript for Episode 139)

Every once in a while, it's good to go back to the basics. And for us, that means the basics of worldbuilding!

When you're getting started out with a new project, building a world from the ground up, there are a lot of things you can take into consideration! This episode is not so much about finding the answers as figuring out how to ask the questions and what kinds of questions you want to ask. How much do you need to know before you start? And how might that be related to how much the people in your world know? How weird do you want to go, and when is it perfectly okay if the simplest answer is the one you stick with?

The basics are so big, though, that this ended up being a two-part episode! In part one, we're focusing on the literal physical world: your cosmology, your geology and geography and topography, your suns and stars and moons. If you're playing god, how do you make an actual literal world?

(Transcript for Episode 138)