Known as the Bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church, the Pope is also called the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. The institution is known as the Papacy. From the 8th century until 1870, the Pope was the sovereign or head of state of the Papal States, and since 1929 of the much smaller Vatican City state.

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Audio credit: The Catholic Talk Show podcast featuring Ryan DellaCrosse, Ryan Scheel, and guest Monsignor K.B. Smith — Episode 314: Choosing the next Pope (24feb2025). Audio excerpts reproduced under the Fair Use (Fair Dealings) Legal Doctrine for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, education, scholarship, research and news reporting.

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