A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
• In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt.
• In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens to regulate the election of the Pope.
• The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista.
• The Burning of Edinburgh by an English army is the first action of the Rough Wooing.
• Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV of France's new Palace of Versailles.
• Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces.
• Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced in the 18th century by the current Royal Palace.
• The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville.
• Pontiac's War begins with Pontiac's attempt to seize Fort Detroit from the British.

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• Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
• The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanish.
• Francis Xavier reaches Old Goa, the capital of Portuguese India at the time.
• The Dutch city of Coevorden held by the Spanish, falls to a Dutch and English force.
• English Restoration: A faction of the British Army removes Richard Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and reinstalls the Rump Parliament.
• Battle of Prague: A Prussian army fights an Austrian army in Prague during the Seven Years' War.
• The end of Konbaung-Hanthawaddy War, and the end of Burmese Civil War (1740-1757).
• English poet Christopher Smart is admitted into St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics in London, beginning his six-year confinement to mental asylums.

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• The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
• Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
• On his second voyage to the New World, Christopher Columbus sights Jamaica, landing at Discovery Bay and declares Jamaica the property of the Spanish crown.
• Daimyō (Lord) Shimazu Tadatsune of the Satsuma Domain in southern Kyūshū, Japan, completes his successful invasion of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Okinawa.
• King Charles I of England dissolves the Short Parliament.
• Cromwell's Act of Grace, aimed at reconciliation with the Scots, proclaimed in Edinburgh.
• Russia and Prussia sign the Treaty of St. Petersburg.
• In France, the Estates-General convenes for the first time since 1614.
• Mary Kies becomes the first woman awarded a U.S. patent, for a technique of weaving straw with silk and thread.

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• The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae.
• Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus are condemned as heretics at the Council of Constance.
• Assassination of the Swedish rebel (later national hero) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson
• Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Tewkesbury: Edward IV defeats a Lancastrian Army and kills Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.
• Dutch explorer Peter Minuit arrives in New Netherland (present day Manhattan Island) aboard the See Meeuw.
• The Municipality of Ilagan is founded in the Philippines.
• Rhode Island becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to King George III.
• Fourth Anglo-Mysore War: The Battle of Seringapatam: The siege of Seringapatam ends when the city is invaded and Tipu Sultan killed by the besieging British army, under the command of General George Harris.
• Emperor Napoleon arrives at Portoferraio on the island of Elba to begin his exile.

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• Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
• The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.
• Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries, adopting the baptismal name of João I.
• Treaty of Loudun ends a French civil war.
• A total solar eclipse is visible across northern Europe and northern Asia, as predicted by Edmond Halley to within four minutes accuracy.
• The Constitution of May 3 (the first modern constitution in Europe) is proclaimed by the Sejm of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• Washington, D.C. is incorporated as a city after Congress abolishes the Board of Commissioners, the District's founding government. The "City of Washington" is given a mayor-council form of government.
• Finnish War: Sweden loses the fortress of Sveaborg to Russia.
• Peninsular War: The Madrid rebels who rose up on May 2 are executed near Príncipe Pío hill.

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• King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
• William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
• Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprisoned on charges of adultery, incest, treason and witchcraft.
• John Knox returns from exile to Scotland to become the leader of the nascent Scottish Reformation.
• Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle.
• The King James Version of the Bible is published for the first time in London, England, by printer Robert Barker.
• Afonso Mendes, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Latin Patriarch of Ethiopia, arrives at Beilul from Goa.
• King Charles II of England grants a permanent charter to the Hudson's Bay Company to open up the fur trade in North America.
• Outbreak of the Peninsular War: The people of Madrid rise up in rebellion against French occupation. Francisco de Goya later memorializes this event in his painting The Second of May 1808.
• The Siege of Cuautla during the Mexican War of Independence ends with both sides claiming victory after Mexican rebels under José María Morelos y Pavón abandon the city after 72 days under siege by royalist Spanish troops under Félix María Calleja.

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• Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
• The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
• Norman mercenaries land at Bannow Bay in Leinster, marking the beginning of the Norman invasion of Ireland.
• Wars of Scottish Independence end: By the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, England recognises Scotland as an independent state.
• The Act of Union joining England and Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain takes effect.
• Publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus, and the formal start date of plant taxonomy adopted by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
• The Slave Trade Act 1807 takes effect, abolishing the slave trade within the British Empire.
• Execution of the Cato Street Conspirators, who plotted to kill the British Cabinet and Prime Minister Lord Liverpool.
• The Penny Black, the first official adhesive postage stamp, is issued in the United Kingdom.

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• The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
• Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
• Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration. He is named admiral of the ocean sea, viceroy and governor of any territory he discovers.
• Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.
• Juan de Oñate begins the conquest of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
• Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots.
• Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege.
• On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, George Washington takes the oath of office to become the first elected President of the United States.

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• Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.[citation needed]
• Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and becomes its vassal.
• Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orléans.
• Gran Canaria, the main island of the Canary Islands, is conquered by the Kingdom of Castile.
• French king Louis XIII names Cardinal Richelieu chief minister of France.
• French forces commence the siege of Quebec which is held by the British.
• James Cook arrives in Australia at Botany Bay, which he names.
• American Revolutionary War: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique.
• The galaxy Centaurus A or NGC 5128 is discovered by James Dunlop.

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• The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
• Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.
• Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin.
• Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō for the very first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism.
• The Battle of Cerignola is fought. It is noted as one of the first European battles in history won by small arms fire using gunpowder.
• Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines, the largest Catholic university in the world.
• A combined Spanish and Portuguese fleet of 52 ships commences the recapture of Bahia from the Dutch during the Dutch-Portuguese War.
• The Marathas defeat the Afghans in the Battle of Attock and capture the city.
• Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution.
• Mutiny on the Bounty: Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew returns to Tahiti briefly and then sets sail for Pitcairn Island.

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