A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Battle of Novara. In the Italian Wars, Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis II de la Trémoille, forcing them to abandon Milan; Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.
• Swedish regent Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden and, marking a symbolic end to the Kalmar Union, 6 June is designated the country's national day.
• Swedish Queen Christina abdicated her throne in favour of her cousin Charles Gustav and converted to Catholicism.
• In the Seven Years' War, British forces begin the Siege of Havana and temporarily capture the city.
• The Battle of Stoney Creek, considered a critical turning point in the War of 1812. A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force twice its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
• Alexis St Martin is accidentally shot in the stomach, leading to William Beaumont's studies on digestion.
• The June Rebellion in Paris is put down by the National Guard.
• The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in London.

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• Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
• Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno.
• The Battle of Worringen ends the War of the Limburg Succession, with John I, Duke of Brabant, being one of the more important victors.
• The masque Tethys' Festival is performed at Whitehall Palace to celebrate the investiture of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.
• The Qing dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor take Beijing during the collapse of the Ming dynasty.
• The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread the United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.
• The first Great Lakes steamer, the Frontenac, is launched.
• The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe.

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• King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
• Siege of Osaka: Forces under Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
• Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession.
• The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon).
• Élisabeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers four kilometres in 45 minutes, and reached 1,500 metres altitude (estimated).
• Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel.
• General Lafayette, a French officer in the American Revolutionary War, speaks at what would become Lafayette Square, Buffalo, during his visit to the United States.
• Major Henry C. Wayne departs New York aboard the USS Supply to procure camels to establish the U.S. Camel Corps.
• Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army.

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• The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
• The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, deposed and sent into exile by conspirators of the Opsikion army in Thrace. He is succeeded by Anastasios II, who begins the reorganization of the Byzantine army.
• After 5-month siege during the First Crusade, the Crusaders seize Antioch (today's Turkey).
• The French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.
• Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain.
• An English naval force defeats a fleet of Spanish galleys, and captures a large Portuguese carrack at the Battle of Sesimbra Bay
• Samuel de Champlain lands at Tadoussac, Quebec, in the course of his third voyage to New France, and begins erecting fortifications.
• The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherland.
• Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
• James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England), defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
• Jack Jouett begins his midnight ride to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature of an impending raid by Banastre Tarleton.
• In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2 million kilograms of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.
• The last pair of great auks is killed.
• American Civil War: Battle of Philippi (also called the Philippi Races): Union forces rout Confederate troops in Barbour County, Virginia, now West Virginia.

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• Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
• First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later.
• London: Virginia gets new charter, extending borders from "sea to sea".
• The first Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.
• Bridget Bishop is the first person to be tried for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts; she was found guilty and later hanged.
• Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.
• Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.
• Gordon Riots anti Catholic riots in London resulting in an estimated 300-700 deaths.
• French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror.
• The Slavic congress in Prague begins.

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• Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
• A monk, John Cor, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky.[citation needed]
• Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.
• Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis.
• The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
• In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
• Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675-79).
• The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.
• Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. Both he and his horse, Vonk, drowned on his eighth attempt.
• The court-martial for malfeasance of Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, begins.

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• Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
• Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus' and Cumans.
• King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris, France.
• Citing poor eyesight as a reason, Samuel Pepys records the last event in his diary.
• American Revolution: The Mecklenburg Resolves are adopted in the Province of North Carolina.
• Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
• The United States enacts its first copyright statute, the Copyright Act of 1790.
• French Revolution: The Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed.
• French and Spanish forces begin the assault against British forces occupying Diamond Rock, Martinique.
• In Australia, William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth reach Mount Blaxland, effectively marking the end of a route across the Blue Mountains.
• The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament, which houses Big Ben, starts keeping time.
• American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston and G.W. Smith engage Union forces under George B. McClellan outside the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.

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• Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres.
• Beginning of the Peasants' Revolt in England.
• The Council of Constance, called by Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, burns Jerome of Prague following a trial for heresy.
• Hundred Years' War: In Rouen, France, the 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal. The Roman Catholic Church remembers this day as the celebration of Saint Joan of Arc.
• Hussite Wars: Battle of Lipany: Effectively ending the war, Utraquist forces led by Diviš Bořek of Miletínek defeat and almost annihilate Taborite forces led by Prokop the Great.
• During the reign of the Zhengde Emperor, Ming dynasty rebel leader Zhu Zhifan is defeated by commander Qiu Yue, ending the Prince of Anhua rebellion.
• King Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour, a lady-in-waiting to his first two wives.
• In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal of finding gold.
• Henry III becomes King of France.
• The last ship of the Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel.

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• The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
• Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under the command of Tamim ibn Yusuf defeat a Castile and León alliance under the command of Prince Sancho Alfónsez.
• Battle of Monte Porzio: A Roman army supporting Pope Alexander III is defeated by Christian of Buch and Rainald of Dassel.
• Mongol-Jin War: The Mongols entered Kaifeng after a successful siege and began looting in the fallen capital of the Jin dynasty.
• Philip VI is crowned King of France.
• Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih capture Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire.
• Battle of Samugarh: decisive battle in the struggle for the throne during the Mughal war of succession (1658-1659).
• English Restoration: Charles II is restored to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.
• The right of settlers in New France to enslave natives is upheld at Quebec City.
• Mustafa IV became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.

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• Battle of Hulao: Li Shimin, the son of the Chinese emperor Gaozu, defeats the numerically superior forces of Dou Jiande near the Hulao Pass (Henan). This victory decides the outcome of the civil war that followed the Sui dynasty's collapse in favour of the Tang dynasty.
• The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, declares the marriage of King Henry VIII of England to Anne Boleyn valid.
• The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, heading for the English Channel. (It will take until May 30 for all ships to leave port.)
• English Civil War: Bolton Massacre by Royalist troops under the command of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby.
• French and Indian War: In the first engagement of the war, Virginia militia under the 22-year-old Lieutenant colonel George Washington defeat a French reconnaissance party in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in what is now Fayette County in southwestern Pennsylvania.
• In Guadeloupe, 400 rebellious slaves, led by Louis Delgrès, blow themselves up rather than submit to Napoleon's troops.
• U.S. President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act which denies Native Americans their land rights and forcibly relocates them.
• The Paris Commune falls after two months.
• In San Francisco, John Muir organizes the Sierra Club.
• Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Tsushima ends with the destruction of the Russian Baltic Fleet by Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō and the Imperial Japanese Navy.
• The first Isle of Man TT race is held.
• The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the First Republic of Armenia declare their independence.
• The 28 May 1926 coup d'état: Ditadura Nacional is established in Portugal to suppress the unrest of the First Republic.
• In the Netherlands, construction of the Afsluitdijk is completed and the Zuiderzee bay is converted to the freshwater IJsselmeer.

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