A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
• First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.
• The Sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.
• Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha is appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
• Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.
• A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
• The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
• Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the 'United States'.
• Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath.
• King Louis XVI, disguised as a valet, and the French royal family attempt to flee Paris during the French Revolution.
• The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.

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• The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
• The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle changes the tide of the civil wars.
• The Earl of Pembroke's army defeats Bruce's Scottish army at the Battle of Methven.
• English colonists leave Roanoke Island, after failing to establish England's first permanent settlement in North America.
• At least 73,000 people died in the 1718 Tongwei-Gansu earthquake due to landslides in the Qing dynasty.
• New Church Day: Emanuel Swedenborg writes: "The Lord sent forth His twelve disciples, who followed Him in the world into the whole spiritual world to preach the Gospel that the Lord God Jesus Christ reigns. This took place on the 19th day of June, in the year 1770."
• War of the Second Coalition Battle of Höchstädt results in a French victory over Austria.
• Battle of Seven Oaks between North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
• Decisive defeat of the Filiki Eteria by the Ottomans at Drăgășani (in Wallachia).
• The first officially recorded, organized baseball game is played under Alexander Cartwright's rules on Hoboken, New Jersey's Elysian Fields with the New York Base Ball Club defeating the Knickerbockers 23-1. Cartwright umpired.
• Princess Louise of the Netherlands marries Crown Prince Karl of Sweden-Norway.
• The U.S. Congress prohibits slavery in United States territories, nullifying Dred Scott v. Sandford.
• Over two years after the Emancipation Proclamation, slaves in Galveston, Texas, United States, are finally informed of their freedom. The anniversary was officially celebrated in Texas and other states as Juneteenth. On June 17, 2021, Juneteenth officially became a federal holiday in the United States.
• Maximilian I of the Second Mexican Empire is executed by a firing squad in Querétaro, Querétaro.
• The Herzegovinian rebellion against the Ottoman Empire begins.

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• Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
• Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
• Byzantine-Rus' War: A fleet of about 200 Rus' vessels sails into the Bosphorus and starts pillaging the suburbs of the Byzantine capital Constantinople.
• Battle of Civitate: Three thousand Norman horsemen of Count Humphrey rout the troops of Pope Leo IX.
• Five Canterbury monks see an event believed to have been the formation of the Giordano Bruno crater on the moon. It is believed that the current oscillations of the Moon's distance from the Earth (on the order of meters) are a result of this collision.
• The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, the first definitively known meeting of this Irish legislature.
• A draft Byzantine-Venetian treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, but is not ratified by Doge Reniero Zeno.
• Charles VII's army defeats an English army under John Talbot at the Battle of Patay during the Hundred Years' War. The English lost 2,200 men, over half their army, crippling their efforts during this segment of the war.
• Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh.
• The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony is revoked via a scire facias writ issued by an English court.
• Battle of Kolín between Prussian forces under Frederick the Great and an Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Count Leopold Joseph von Daun in the Seven Years' War.
• Action of 18 June 1799: A frigate squadron under Rear-admiral Jean-Baptiste Perrée is captured by the British fleet under Lord Keith.
• Haitian Revolution: The Royal Navy led by Rear-Admiral John Thomas Duckworth commence the blockade of Saint-Domingue against French forces.

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• Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
• Geoffrey V of Anjou, known as Plantagenet, marries Matilda, daughter of Henry I, King of England, and widow of the Emperor Henry V.
• Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burnt in Paris.
• The Kalmar Union is formed under the rule of Margaret I of Denmark.
• Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II (The Night Attack at Târgovişte), forcing him to retreat from Wallachia.
• Battle of Deptford Bridge: Forces under King Henry VII defeat troops led by Michael An Gof.
• Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.
• Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England.
• The Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovers the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen.
• Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, will spend the next 17 years building her mausoleum, the Taj Mahal.
• Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.

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• Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians.
• Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran).
• Ming-Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son King Hồ Hán Thương of Hồ dynasty are captured by the Ming armies.
• Battle of Stoke Field: King Henry VII of England defeats the leaders of a Yorkist rebellion in the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses.
• War of the Austrian Succession: New England colonial troops under the command of William Pepperrell capture the Fortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, New France (Old Style date).
• War of the Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza.
• French and Indian War: The French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians.
• French and Indian War: Robert Rogers and his Rangers surprise French held Fort Sainte Thérèse on the Richelieu River near Lake Champlain. The fort is raided and burned.
• Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins.

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• Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.
• Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.
• The naval Battle of Fimreite is won by the Birkebeiner pretender Sverre Sigurdsson. Sigurdsson takes the Norwegian throne and King Magnus V of Norway is killed.
• King John of England puts his seal to Magna Carta.
• Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lindanise (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia.
• With the death of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.
• At the Battle of Rozgony, King Charles I of Hungary wins a decisive victory over the family of Palatine Amade Aba.
• Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.
• Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother Musa Çelebi outside the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.
• Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Martinique on his fourth voyage.
• Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in Exsurge Domine.
• Colonists finished building James's Fort, to defend against Spanish and Indian attacks.

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• The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
• First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon conquers over half of the kingdom.
• While taking exile in Fuzhou, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for Emperor Duanzong.
• Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam: Forces led by Prince Trần Quang Khải of the Trần dynasty destroy most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong.
• Kublai Khan defeats the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.
• Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt at Mile End. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.
• Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, allies himself with the French against King Henry IV of England.
• Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date).
• English Civil War: Battle of Naseby: Twelve thousand Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
• The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet in the Second Anglo-Dutch War ends. It had lasted for five days and resulted in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy.
• King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II.
• American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Armed Forces.

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• The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
• Ibn Battuta begins his travels, leaving his home in Tangiers to travel to Mecca (gone 24 years).
• In England, the Peasants' Revolt, led by Wat Tyler, comes to a head, as rebels set fire to the Savoy Palace.
• Henry Grace à Dieu, at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, built at the new Woolwich Dockyard in England, is dedicated.
• Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for priests and nuns.
• King Charles I of England marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury.
• Georgia provincial governor James Oglethorpe begins an unsuccessful attempt to take Spanish Florida during the Siege of St. Augustine.
• Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain's North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves.
• American Revolutionary War: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army.
• Lewis and Clark Expedition: Scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River.
• Twentieth opera of Giuseppe Verdi, Les vêpres siciliennes ("The Sicilian Vespers"), is premiered in Paris.
• The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.
• A fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia.

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• Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
• At the instigation of Louis IX of France, an inter-faith debate, known as the Disputation of Paris, starts between a Christian monk and four rabbis.
• Peasants' Revolt: In England, rebels assemble at Blackheath, just outside London.
• Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War: Parisians slaughter sympathizers of Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac, along with all prisoners, foreign bankers, and students and faculty of the College of Navarre.
• Hundred Years' War: On the second day of the Battle of Jargeau, Joan of Arc leads the French army in their capture of the city and the English commander, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
• The city of Helsinki, Finland (belonging to Sweden at the time) is founded by King Gustav I of Sweden.
• The Westminster Assembly is convened by the Parliament of England, without the assent of Charles I, in order to restructure the Church of England.
• First Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of the Gabbard begins, lasting until the following day.
• Thomas Willett is appointed the first mayor of New York City.
• French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg: James Wolfe's attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, commences.
• French explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne and 25 of his men killed by Māori in New Zealand.
• The Virginia Declaration of Rights is adopted.
• Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Ballynahinch.

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• Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle of the rain".
• Emperor Taizong of Tang sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk in order to seek the release of Chinese prisoners captured during the transition from Sui to Tang.
• A Hasanid Alid uprising in Mecca is crushed by the Abbasids at the Battle of Fakhkh.
• Vladimir the Great consolidates the Kievan realm from Ukraine to the Baltic Sea. He is proclaimed ruler (knyaz) of all Kievan Rus'.
• Lombard Revolt: Greek citizens of Bari rise up against the Lombard rebels led by Melus and deliver the city to Basil Mesardonites, Byzantine governor (catepan) of the Catepanate of Italy.
• Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, captures Azaz from the Seljuk Turks.
• Albert I of Brandenburg, also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Germany and the first margrave.
• The megas doux Alexios Apokaukos, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire, is lynched by political prisoners.
• Hundred Years' War: Start of the Battle of Jargeau.
• Battle of Sauchieburn: Fought between rebel Lords and James III of Scotland, resulting in the death of the king.
• Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon.
• Don Tristan de Luna y Arellano sails for Florida with party of 1,500, intending to settle on gulf coast (Vera Cruz, Mexico).
• Philip II recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paved way to the stabilization of the rule of the Principalía (an elite ruling class of native nobility in Spanish Philippines).

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