• William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
• The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order. The Poles are defeated but their leaders escape capture.
• After the brief Gollub War, the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with Poland and Lithuania.
• The Siege of Vienna begins when Suleiman I attacks the city.
• The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.
• The death of Pope Urban VII, 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, ends the shortest papal reign in history.
• The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm.
• The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year-long Siege of Candia.
• American Revolution: Lancaster, Pennsylvania becomes the capital of the United States for one day after Congress evacuates Philadelphia.
• The National Assembly of France votes to award full citizenship to Jews.
• The Army of the Three Guarantees triumphantly enters Mexico City, led by Agustín de Iturbide. The following day Mexico is declared independent.
• Jean-François Champollion officially informs the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres in France that he has deciphered the Rosetta Stone.
• The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, is ceremonially opened.

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• Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne.
• William II is crowned King of England, and reigns until 1100.
• The Golden Bull of Sicily is issued to confirm the hereditary royal title in Bohemia for the Přemyslid dynasty.
• Friso-Hollandic Wars: Frisians defeat Holland in the Battle of Warns.
• Serbian-Turkish wars: Ottoman Turks fought against a Serbian army at the Battle of Maritsa.
• Pope Alexander VI issues the papal bull Dudum siquidem to the Spanish, extending the grant of new lands he made them in Inter caetera.
• Francis Drake finishes his circumnavigation of the Earth in Plymouth, England.
• Morean War: The Parthenon in Athens, used as a gunpowder depot by the Ottoman garrison, is partially destroyed after being bombarded during the Siege of the Acropolis by Venetian forces.
• The city council of Amsterdam votes to support William of Orange's invasion of England, which became the Glorious Revolution.
• American Revolution: British troops occupy Philadelphia.
• George Washington appoints Thomas Jefferson the first United States Secretary of State.
• War of the 2nd Coalition: Franco-Swiss troops defeat Austro-Russian forces, leading to the collapse of Suvorov's campaign.
• A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates, and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.

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• For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
• Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate.
• In the Battle of Stamford Bridge, Harald Hardrada, the invading King of Norway, is defeated by King Harold II of England.
• England and Scotland sign the Treaty of York, establishing the location of their common border.
• Ottoman Emperor Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis.
• Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches what would become known as the Pacific Ocean.
• The Peace of Augsburg is signed by Emperor Charles V and the princes of the Schmalkaldic League.
• Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, the first newspaper to appear in the Americas, is published for the first and only time.
• Unification of Nepal
• American Revolution: Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue-Pointe.

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• Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.
• The Battle of Arnemuiden, in which a French force defeats the English, is the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first naval battle in which gunpowder artillery is used.
• The Battle of Kherlen is the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368.
• The Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is won by the Yorkists.
• King Philip II of Spain issues cedula, ordering halt to colonizing efforts in Florida.
• The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure of over 100,000 pounds of gold (worth over £1 billion today), is lost at sea off Land's End.
• The first commencement exercises occur at Harvard College.
• American Revolution: John Paul Jones, naval commander of the United States, on board the USS Bonhomme Richard, wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.
• American Revolution: British Major John André is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold's change of sides.
• Second Anglo-Maratha War: The Battle of Assaye is fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.
• Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

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• The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong, the penultimate emperor of the Tang dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government.
• The Samogitians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in the Battle of Saule.
• The Treaty of Basel concludes the Swabian War.
• The Battle of Zutphen is a Spanish victory over the English and Dutch.
• The last hanging of those convicted of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials; others are all eventually released.
• The Tuscarora War begins in present-day North Carolina.
• George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned King and Queen, respectively, of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during the American Revolution.
• The office of United States Postmaster General is established.
• Battle of Rymnik: Alexander Suvorov's Russian and allied army defeats superior Ottoman Empire forces.
• Primidi Vendémiaire of year one of the French Republican Calendar as the French First Republic comes into being.
• Joseph Smith claims to have found the golden plates after being directed by God through the Angel Moroni to the place where they were buried.
• The Russian warship Lefort capsizes and sinks during a storm in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 826 aboard.
• A preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation is released by Abraham Lincoln.

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• Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
• The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
• Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian leader Kaupo the Accursed are killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day.
• The Congress of Arras causes Burgundy to switch sides in the Hundred Years' War.
• A Hanoverian army is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
• Part of New York City is burned shortly after being occupied by British forces.
• American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point.
• French Revolution: The National Convention abolishes the monarchy.
• British Secretary of War Lord Castlereagh and Foreign Secretary George Canning meet in a duel on Putney Heath, with Castlereagh wounding Canning in the thigh.
• The crew of schooner Ancud, including John Williams Wilson, takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government.
• Second Opium War: An Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao.
• Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan: British forces under the command of Horatio Kitchener take Dongola.
• Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China.
• A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 500-600 people.
• Salvador Lutteroth establishes Mexican professional wrestling.

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• At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin.
• Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.
• The Great Prussian Uprising among the old Prussians begins against the Teutonic Knights.
• Cardinal Robert of Geneva is elected as Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism.
• The Nankai tsunami washes away the building housing the Great Buddha at Kōtoku-in. It has been outside since then.
• Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda with about 270 men on his expedition which ultimately culminated in the first circumnavigation the globe.
• The Dutch town of Grave held by the Spanish, capitulates to a besieging Dutch and English army under the command of Maurice of Orange.
• The Treaty of Ryswick is signed by France, England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, ending the Nine Years' War.
• The finish of the Walking Purchase which forces the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km2) of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony.
• French troops stop an allied invasion of France at the Battle of Valmy.
• The decade-long Ragamuffin War starts when rebels capture Porto Alegre in Brazil.
• Crimean War: British and French troops defeat Russians at the Battle of Alma.
• The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company.

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• Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
• Siege of Damascus: The Rashidun Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid capture Damascus from the Byzantine Empire.
• Battle of Poitiers: An English army under the command of Edward, the Black Prince defeats a French army and captures King John II.
• End of the Siege of Marienburg: The State of the Teutonic Order repulses the joint Polish—Lithuanian forces.
• Jamestown is burned to the ground by the forces of Nathaniel Bacon during Bacon's Rebellion.
• American Revolutionary War: British forces win a tactically expensive victory over the Continental Army in the First Battle of Saratoga.
• The Continental Congress passes the first United States federal budget.
• George Washington's Farewell Address is printed across America as an open letter to the public.
• French Revolutionary Wars: French-Dutch victory against the Russians and British in the Battle of Bergen.
• Two French shepherd children, Mélanie Calvat and Maximin Giraud, experience a Marian apparition on a mountaintop near La Salette, France, now known as Our Lady of La Salette.
• Annibale de Gasparis discovers the asteroid Massalia from the north dome of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte.
• American Civil War: Union troops under William Rosecrans defeat a Confederate force commanded by Sterling Price.
• American Civil War: The first day of the Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict, and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western Theater.

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• Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and twe Praetorian prefects.
• Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor after Domitian is assassinated.
• Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.
• Battle of Kapetron between a combined Byzantine-Georgian army and a Seljuq army.
• Norwegian king Harald Hardrada lands with Tostig Godwinson at the mouth of the Humber River and begins his invasion of England.
• Philip Augustus becomes king of France at the age of fifteen.
• Thirteen Years' War: In the Battle of Chojnice, the Polish army is defeated by the Teutonic knights.
• The expedition of Juan Bautista Pastene makes landfall in San Pedro Bay, southern Chile, claiming the territory for Spain.
• The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, whereby Austria cedes lands south of the Sava and Danube rivers to the Ottoman Empire.
• French and Indian War: The Articles of Capitulation of Quebec are signed.
• The first cornerstone of the United States Capitol is laid by George Washington.

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• Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia".
• The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empire to recover central Anatolia from the Seljuk Turks.
• Louis the Great's daughter, Mary, is crowned "king" of Hungary.
• Thirteen Years' War: A Polish army under Piotr Dunin decisively defeats the Teutonic Order at the Battle of Świecino.
• The Treaty of Bergerac is signed between King Henry III of France and the Huguenots.
• Polish-Ottoman War: The Ottoman Empire defeats the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Battle of Cecora.
• Sweden wins a major victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld against the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
• The Battle of Vilanova is fought between Portugal and Spain during the Portuguese Restoration War.
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society describing "animalcules", later known as protozoa.
• American Revolutionary War: The Invasion of Canada begins with the Siege of Fort St. Jean.
• The Presidio of San Francisco is founded in New Spain.
• The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed. It is the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe.

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