A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock (clepsydra) called Rokoku. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
• Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the river Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem.
• The Battle of Pelekanon results in a Byzantine defeat by the Ottoman Empire.
• Copenhagen is surrounded by the army of Frederick I of Denmark, as the city will not recognise him as the successor of Christian II of Denmark.
• Willem Barents and Jacob van Heemskerk discover Bear Island.
• Thirty Years' War: Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt.
• Signing of the Treaty of Compiègne between France and the Netherlands.
• Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft and Sorceries".
• Jacobite risings: Battle of Glen Shiel.
• King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) is crowned.
• French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.

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• Nero commits suicide, after quoting Vergil's Aeneid, thus ending the Julio-Claudian dynasty and starting the civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors.
• Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors in the Battle of Toulouse.
• Duccio's Maestà, a seminal artwork of the early Italian Renaissance, is unveiled and installed in Siena Cathedral in Siena, Italy.
• The Parisian Faculty of Theology fines Simon de Colines for publishing the Biblical commentary Commentarii initiatorii in quatuor Evangelia by Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples.
• Jacques Cartier is the first European to describe and map the Saint Lawrence River.
• Second Anglo-Dutch War: The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet begins. It lasts for five days and results in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy.
• James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of the future U.S. state of Georgia.
• The British schooner Gaspee is burned in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island.
• Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battles of Arklow and Saintfield.
• End of the Congress of Vienna: The new European political situation is set.

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• Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
• Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces as he heads for Rome.
• Vikings raid the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, commonly accepted as the beginning of Norse activity in the British Isles.
• Edward the Confessor becomes King of England - the country's penultimate Anglo-Saxon king.
• Richard I arrives in Acre, beginning the Third Crusade.
• Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese victory at the Battle of Ameixial ensures Portugal's independence from Spain.
• Alexander Fordyce flees to France to avoid debt repayment, triggering the credit crisis of 1772 in the British Empire and the Dutch Republic.
• American Revolutionary War: Continental Army attackers are driven back at the Battle of Trois-Rivières.
• Laki, a volcano in Iceland, begins an eight-month eruption which kills over 9,000 people and starts a seven-year famine.
• James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in Congress.
• Maximilien Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.
• A group of 194 Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of HMS Bounty, arrives at Norfolk Island, commencing the Third Settlement of the Island.
• American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
• American Civil War: Battle of Cross Keys: Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson save the Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on the James Peninsula led by General George B. McClellan.
• Coronation of Franz Joseph as King of Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian compromise (Ausgleich).

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• Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state.
• Henry II, a cousin of Emperor Otto III, is elected and crowned King of Germany.
• First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins.
• Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine, ending the independence of the Patria del Friuli.
• Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries.
• The Petition of Right, a major English constitutional document, is granted the Royal Assent by Charles I and becomes law.
• Port Royal, Jamaica, is hit by a catastrophic earthquake; in just three minutes, 1,600 people are killed and 3,000 are seriously injured.
• Richard Henry Lee presents the "Lee Resolution" to the Continental Congress. The motion is seconded by John Adams and will lead to the United States Declaration of Independence.
• French Revolution: Day of the Tiles: Civilians in Grenoble toss roof tiles and various objects down upon royal troops.
• David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Saskatchewan River in Manitoba.
• The newspaper Gazeta de Buenos Ayres is first published in Argentina.
• The Great Reform Act of England and Wales receives royal assent.

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• Constantine VII, the 8-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed by Constantine's uncle Alexander III on his deathbed.
• Battle of Novara. In the Italian Wars, Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis II de la Trémoille, forcing them to abandon Milan; Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.
• Swedish regent Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden and, marking a symbolic end to the Kalmar Union, 6 June is designated the country's national day.
• Swedish Queen Christina abdicated her throne in favour of her cousin Charles Gustav and converted to Catholicism.
• In the Seven Years' War, British forces begin the Siege of Havana and temporarily capture the city.
• The Battle of Stoney Creek, considered a critical turning point in the War of 1812. A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force twice its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
• Alexis St Martin is accidentally shot in the stomach, leading to William Beaumont's studies on digestion.
• The June Rebellion in Paris is put down by the National Guard.
• The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in London.

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• Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
• Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno.
• The Battle of Worringen ends the War of the Limburg Succession, with John I, Duke of Brabant, being one of the more important victors.
• The masque Tethys' Festival is performed at Whitehall Palace to celebrate the investiture of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.
• The Qing dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor take Beijing during the collapse of the Ming dynasty.
• The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread the United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.
• The first Great Lakes steamer, the Frontenac, is launched.
• HMS Pickle captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba.
• The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe.
• Houston is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
• Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy by the signing of a new constitution.

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• King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
• The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedral of London, is destroyed in a fire caused by lightning and is never rebuilt.
• Siege of Osaka: Forces under Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
• Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession.
• The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon).
• Élisabeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers four kilometres in 45 minutes, and reached 1,500 metres altitude (estimated).
• Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel.

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• The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
• The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, deposed and sent into exile by conspirators of the Opsikion army in Thrace. He is succeeded by Anastasios II, who begins the reorganization of the Byzantine army.
• After 5-month siege during the First Crusade, the Crusaders seize Antioch (today's Turkey).
• The French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.
• The Treaty of Novgorod delineates borders between Russia and Norway in Finnmark.
• Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain.
• An English naval force defeats a fleet of Spanish galleys, and captures a large Portuguese carrack at the Battle of Sesimbra Bay
• Samuel de Champlain lands at Tadoussac, Quebec, in the course of his third voyage to New France, and begins erecting fortifications.
• The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherland.
• Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
• James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England), defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
• Jack Jouett begins his midnight ride to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature of an impending raid by Banastre Tarleton.

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• Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
• First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later.
• London: Virginia gets new charter, extending borders from "sea to sea".
• The first Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.
• Franco-Dutch War: France ensured the supremacy of its naval fleet for the remainder of the war with its victory in the Battle of Palermo.
• Bridget Bishop is the first person to be tried for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts; she was found guilty and later hanged.
• Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.
• Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.
• Gordon Riots anti Catholic riots in London resulting in an estimated 300-700 deaths.
• French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror.
• Napoleonic Wars: A Franco-Spanish fleet recaptures Diamond Rock, an uninhabited island at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, from the British.
• The Slavic congress in Prague begins.

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• Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
• Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.
• Residents of Riga and Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
• A monk, John Cor, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky.[citation needed]
• Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.
• Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis.
• The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
• In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
• Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675-79).
• The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.
• Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. Both he and his horse, Vonk, drowned on his eighth attempt.
• The court-martial for malfeasance of Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, begins.
• Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.

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