A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
• Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
• Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.
• The Battle of Bosworth Field, the death of Richard III and the end of the House of Plantagenet.
• Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.
• Fettmilch Uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.
• Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.
• Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.
• Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.
• Britain's Quebec Expedition loses eight ships and almost nine hundred soldiers, sailors and women to rocks at Pointe-aux-Anglais.
• Spanish troops land on Sardinia.
• James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, and claims the east coast of Australia for Britain as New South Wales.
• British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.
• Beginning of the Haitian Slave Revolution in Saint-Domingue, Haiti.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège.
• Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin-Song Wars.
• Battle of the Blacks: Uprising by the black African forces of the Fatimid army, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners, against Saladin. The uprising is defeated after two days, consolidating Saladin's position as master of Egypt.
• Minamoto no Yoritomo becomes Sei-i Taishōgun and the de facto ruler of Japan. (Traditional Japanese date: the 12th day of the seventh month in the third year of the Kenkyū (建久) era).
• King Stefan Uroš III, after months of anarchy, surrenders to his son and rival Stefan Dušan, who succeeds as King of Serbia.
• Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Conquest of Ceuta.
• Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from the Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt.
• The Battle of Dunkeld in Scotland.
• Seventh Ottoman-Venetian War: The arrival of naval reinforcements and the news of the Battle of Petrovaradin force the Ottomans to abandon the Siege of Corfu, thus preserving the Ionian Islands under Venetian rule.
• James Cook formally claims eastern Australia for Great Britain, naming it New South Wales.
• King Gustav III completes his coup d'état by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and installing himself as an enlightened despot.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is executed by his guards under mysterious circumstances while in exile.
• Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of the Levant away from the Byzantine Empire, marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests and the rapid advance of Islam outside Arabia.
• Battle of Acheloos: Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria decisively defeats a Byzantine army.
• Canonization of the first King of Hungary, Saint Stephen and his son Saint Emeric celebrated as a National Day in Hungary.
• Richard I of England initiates the Massacre at Ayyadieh, leaving 2,600–3,000 Muslim hostages dead.
• Konrad von Wallenrode becomes the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order.
• The Second Battle of Olmedo takes places as part of a succession conflict between Henry IV of Castile and his half-brother Alfonso, Prince of Asturias.
• Former Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt and his brother Cornelis are lynched by an angry mob in The Hague.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Abu Yazid, a Kharijite rebel leader, is defeated and killed in the Hodna Mountains in modern-day Algeria by Fatimid forces.
• Baldwin III of Jerusalem takes control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from his mother Melisende, and also captures Ascalon.
• Pope Pius II is elected the 211th Pope.
• Mary, Queen of Scots, aged 18, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.
• Eighty Years War: a besieging Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Orange forces the Spanish garrison of Sluis to capitulate.
• The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history.
• Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as "Holmes's Bonfire".
• Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan: The start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as "the 45".

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria.
• The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle is fought to a draw between the French army and the Flemish militias.
• The Siege of Málaga ends with the taking of the city by Castilian and Aragonese forces.
• The first grammar of the Spanish language (Gramática de la lengua castellana) is presented to Queen Isabella I.
• Marriage in Paris, France, of the Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre to Margaret of Valois, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.
• John White, the governor of the Roanoke Colony, returns from a supply trip to England and finds his settlement deserted.
• The trial of the Pendle witches, one of England's most famous witch trials, begins at Lancaster Assizes.
• Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France.
• The city of Shamakhi in Safavid Shirvan is sacked.
• A huge fireball meteor is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast.
• The Senate of Finland is established in the Grand Duchy of Finland after the official adoption of the Statute of the Government Council by Tsar Alexander I of Russia.
• Major Gordon Laing becomes the first non-Muslim to enter Timbuktu.
• The Wilkes Expedition, which would explore the Puget Sound and Antarctica, weighs anchor at Hampton Roads.
• Camila O'Gorman and Ladislao Gutierrez are executed on the orders of Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas.
• American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern: Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Pope Eusebius is banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, perhaps from a hunger strike.
• Pope Leo II begins his pontificate.
• Byzantine-Bulgarian wars: Battle of the Gates of Trajan: The Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Samuel and Aron defeat the Byzantine forces at the Gate of Trajan, with Byzantine Emperor Basil II barely escaping.
• Georgenberg Pact: Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria and Leopold V, Duke of Austria sign a heritage agreement in which Ottokar gives his duchy to Leopold and to his son Frederick under the stipulation that Austria and Styria would henceforth remain undivided.
• Karl Topia, the ruler of Princedom of Albania forges an alliance with the Republic of Venice, committing to participate in all wars of the Republic and receiving coastal protection against the Ottomans in return.
• Hundred Years' War: Battle of Verneuil: An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under Jean II, Duke of Alençon, John Stewart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas.
• Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI, becomes the first person in history to resign the cardinalate; later that same day, King Louis XII of France names him Duke of Valentinois.
• Battle of Sampford Courtenay: The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed in England.
• The Catholic Church is overthrown and Protestantism is established as the national religion in Scotland.
• Eighty Years' War: Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city and as a result over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces.
• A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh under the charge of Ralph Lane lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina.
• Islands Voyage: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Raleigh set sail on an expedition to the Azores.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdanids of Mosul and the Baridis of Basra over control of the Abbasid capital, Baghdad.
• Nikephoros II Phokas is crowned emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
• Battle of the Spurs (Battle of Guinegate): King Henry VIII of England and his Imperial allies defeat French Forces who are then forced to retreat.
• The Principality of Transylvania is established after John II Zápolya renounces his claim as King of Hungary in the Treaty of Speyer.
• Battle of Plymouth: Inconclusive naval action between the fleets of Michiel de Ruyter and George Ayscue in the First Anglo-Dutch War.
• American Revolutionary War: The Americans led by General John Stark rout British and Brunswick troops under Friedrich Baum at the Battle of Bennington in Walloomsac, New York.
• American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden: The British defeat the Americans near Camden, South Carolina.
• Maximilien de Robespierre presents the petition of the Commune of Paris to the Legislative Assembly, which demanded the formation of a revolutionary tribunal.
• French Revolution: A levée en masse is decreed by the National Convention.
• War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• Arab-Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between Byzantine Empire and Rashidun Caliphate begins.
• Arab-Byzantine wars: Raising of the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople.
• Carloman, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, renounces his position as majordomo and retires to a monastery near Rome. His brother Pepin the Short becomes the sole ruler (de facto) of the Frankish Kingdom.
• The Battle of Roncevaux Pass takes place between the army of Charlemagne and a Basque army.
• Noble Erchana of Dahauua grants the Bavarian town of Dachau to the Diocese of Freising
• The Saracens conquer and destroy Taranto.
• Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the Battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria.
• Byzantine general Eustathios Daphnomeles blinds and captures Ibatzes of Bulgaria by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor Basil II's conquest of Bulgaria.
• King Stephen I, the first king of Hungary, dies; his nephew, Peter Orseolo, succeeds him.
• King Macbeth is killed at the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada.
• The Pavian-born Benedictine Lanfranc is appointed as the new Archbishop of Canterbury in England.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as King of Scotland.
• Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan.
• After tricking the Venetian galley fleet into sailing east to the Levant, the Genoese capture an entire Venetian trade convoy at the Battle of Saseno.
• War of the Breton Succession: Anglo-Bretons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron.
• Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, grants city privileges to Karlovy Vary.
• Portuguese Crisis of 1383-85: Battle of Aljubarrota: Portuguese forces commanded by John I of Portugal defeat the Castilian army of John I of Castile.
• The first sighting of the Falkland Islands by John Davis.
• Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford: Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.
• The Spanish military Villasur expedition is defeated by Pawnee and Otoe warriors near present-day Columbus, Nebraska.
• The Treaty of Wereloe ended the 1788-1790 Russo-Swedish War.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

• John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
• Emperor Justinian I rewards Liberius for his service in the Pragmatic Sanction, granting him extensive estates in Italy.
• Maurice becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
• Count Reginar I of Hainault rises against Zwentibold of Lotharingia and slays him near present-day Susteren.
• The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed. Francis I of France recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, recognizes Francis's claim to Milan.
• After an extended siege, forces led by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés capture Tlatoani Cuauhtémoc and conquer the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.
• Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France.
• Buddhist monks from Kyoto, Japan's Enryaku-ji temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout in what will be known as the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. (Traditional Japanese date: Twenty-seventh day of the seventh month of the fifth year of the Tenbun (天文) era).
• Michael Servetus is arrested by John Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland as a heretic.
• The French king Louis XIII appoints Cardinal Richelieu as prime minister.
• Sweden and Denmark sign Peace of Brömsebro.

Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas

Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts.

This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices