A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated.
• The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancona by the forces of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
• King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki.
• The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by natives.
• Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.
• Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, is first installed at Harmandir Sahib.
• Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.
• At the age of five, Louis XV becomes king of France in succession to his great-grandfather, King Louis XIV.

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• After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
• Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year.
• Al-Kamil becomes sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty.
• King Haakon V of Norway moves the capital from Bergen to Oslo.
• King Henry V of England dies of dysentery while in France. His son, Henry VI becomes King of England at the age of nine months.
• William Livingston, the first Governor of New Jersey, begins serving his first term.
• War of the First Coalition: The British capture Trincomalee (present-day Sri Lanka) from the Dutch in order to keep it out of French hands.
• Irish Rebellion: Irish rebels, with French assistance, establish the short-lived Republic of Connacht.
• Peninsular War: Spanish troops repel a French attack in the Battle of San Marcial.
• During the American Civil War, Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta.
• Ottoman Sultan Murad V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid II.

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• Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple.
• Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
• The five-week Battle of Lake Poyang begins, in which the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders (Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang) meet to decide who will supplant the Yuan dynasty.
• Pope Paul II succeeds Pope Pius II as the 211th pope.
• Guru Ram Das becomes the Fourth Sikh Guru/Master.
• King James of Scotland holds a masque at the baptism of Prince Henry.
• The Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia ends in the Treaty of Nystad.
• Anne, eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain, is given the title Princess Royal.
• Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf: Russian force under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin beats a smaller Prussian force commanded by Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, during the Seven Years' War.
• HMS Pandora sinks after having run aground on the outer Great Barrier Reef the previous day.
• The entire Dutch fleet is captured by British forces under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell during the War of the Second Coalition.
• Gabriel Prosser postpones a planned slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia, but is arrested before he can make it happen.
• First Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.

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• The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine Malta.
• Mainz Cathedral suffers extensive damage from a fire, which destroys the building on the day of its inauguration.
• Pope Urban IV succeeds Pope Alexander IV, becoming the 182nd pope.
• Battle of Montecatini: The army of the Republic of Pisa, commanded by Uguccione della Faggiuola, wins a decisive victory against the joint forces of the Kingdom of Naples and the Republic of Florence despite being outnumbered.
• Battle of Winchelsea (or Les Espagnols sur Mer): The English naval fleet under King Edward III defeats a Castilian fleet of 40 ships.
• The Treaty of Picquigny ends a brief war between the kingdoms of France and England.
• Pope Innocent VIII succeeds Pope Sixtus IV.
• Vasco da Gama decides to depart Calicut and return to Kingdom of Portugal.
• The Ottoman Turks capture Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade).
• Battle of Mohács: The Ottoman Turks led by Suleiman the Magnificent defeat and kill the last Jagiellonian king of Hungary and Bohemia.
• The Ottoman Turks capture Buda, the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom.
• The city of Nuuk in Greenland is founded as the fort of Godt-Haab by the royal governor Claus Paarss.

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• The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna.
• Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy.
• Fatimah, daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, dies, with her cause of death being a controversial topic among the Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims.
• Silla-Tang armies crush the Baekje restoration attempt and force Yamato Japan to withdraw from Korea in the Battle of Baekgang.
• Ottoman wars in Europe: The Ottoman Turks occupy Belgrade.
• The Kaqchikel Maya rebel against their former Spanish allies during the Spanish conquest of Guatemala.
• Turkish-Portuguese War: Battle of Wofla: The Portuguese are scattered, their leader Christovão da Gama is captured and later executed.
• Pedro Menéndez de Avilés sights land near St. Augustine, Florida and founds the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the continental United States.
• Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay.
• Election of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Second Bishop's War: King Charles I's English army loses to a Scottish Covenanter force at the Battle of Newburn.
• Second English Civil War: The Siege of Colchester ends when Royalists Forces surrender to the Parliamentary Forces after eleven weeks, during the Second English Civil War.
• Meidingnu Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.
• William Herschel discovers a new moon of Saturn: Enceladus.

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• The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days.
• Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England.
• The Battle of St. Quentin results in Emmanuel Philibert becoming Duke of Savoy.
• Pierre Barrière failed an attempt to assassinate Henry IV of France.
• The Treaty of Nerchinsk is signed by Russia and the Qing Empire (Julian calendar).
• Battle of Long Island: In what is now Brooklyn, New York, British forces under General William Howe defeat Americans under General George Washington.
• Maryland 400: Members of the 1st Maryland Regiment repeatedly charged a numerically superior British force during the Battle of Long Island, allowing General Washington and the rest of the American troops to escape.
• French Revolutionary Wars: The city of Toulon revolts against the French Republic and admits the British and Spanish fleets to seize its port, leading to the Siege of Toulon by French Revolutionary forces.
• Wolfe Tone's United Irish and French forces clash with the British Army in the Battle of Castlebar, part of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, resulting in the creation of the French puppet Republic of Connacht.
• Napoleonic Wars: The French Navy defeats the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbour of Grand Port on Île de France.

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• Yazid I's army kills 11,000 people of Medina including notable Sahabas in Battle of al-Harrah.
• The Seljuq Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, and soon gain control of most of Anatolia.
• Ladislaus IV of Hungary and Rudolf I of Germany defeat Ottokar II of Bohemia in the Battle on the Marchfeld near Dürnkrut in (then) Moravia.
• Chittorgarh falls to the Delhi Sultanate, after which thirty thousand Hindu inhabitants are killed.
• At the Battle of Crécy, an English army easily defeats a French one twice its size.
• Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs: A vastly outnumbered force of Swiss Confederates is defeated by the Dauphin Louis (future Louis XI of France) and his army of 'Armagnacs' near Basel.
• Francisco de Orellana crosses South America from Guayaquil on the Pacific coast to the mouth of the Amazon River on the Atlantic coast.
• The first Lutheran denomination in North America, the Pennsylvania Ministerium, is founded in Philadelphia.
• Jesuits all over Chile are arrested as the Spanish Empire suppresses the Society of Jesus.
• Captain James Cook sets sail from England on board HMS Endeavour.
• The first recorded ascent of Triglav, the highest mountain in Slovenia.

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• The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to leave the province.
• Emperor Constantine V humiliates nineteen high-ranking officials, after discovering a plot against him. He executes the leaders, Constantine Podopagouros and his brother Strategios.
• The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III, the Archbishop of Utrecht.
• Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup headed by the aristocratic faction under Michael VIII Palaiologos, paving the way for its leader to ultimately usurp the throne of the Empire of Nicaea.
• Philip III, although suffering from dysentery, becomes King of France following the death of his father Louis IX, during the Eighth Crusade. His uncle, Charles I of Naples, is forced to begin peace negotiations with Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis.
• The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.
• António Mota and a few companions become the first Europeans to visit Japan.
• War of the Portuguese Succession: Spanish victory at the Battle of Alcântara brings about the Iberian Union.
• Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
• Portuguese forces are defeated by the Kingdom of Kandy at the Battle of Randeniwela in Sri Lanka.
• Seven Years' War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at the Battle of Zorndorf.
• War of 1812: On the second day of the Burning of Washington, British troops torch the Library of Congress, United States Treasury, Department of War, and other public buildings.

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• Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
• The Visigoths under king Alaric I begin to pillage Rome.
• Sack of Thessalonica by the Normans.
• King John of England, signer of the first Magna Carta, marries Isabella of Angoulême in Angoulême Cathedral.
• Six thousand Jews are killed in Mainz after being blamed for the bubonic plague.
• The town and castle of Berwick upon Tweed is captured from Scotland by an English army.
• The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures present-day Syria at the Battle of Marj Dabiq.
• Willem of Orange marries duchess Anna of Saxony.
• The first official English representative to India lands in Surat.

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• Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.
• Odoacer, chieftain of the Germanic tribes (Herulic - Scirian foederati), is proclaimed rex Italiae ("King of Italy") by his troops.
• Siege of Jerusalem: The city's citadel, the Tower of David, surrenders to Khwarezmian Empire.
• The Battle of Tagliacozzo marks the fall of the Hohenstaufen family from the Imperial and Sicilian thrones, and leading to the new chapter of Angevin domination in Southern Italy.
• Sir William Wallace is executed for high treason at Smithfield, London.
• Battle of Cassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.
• Siege of Moscow: The Golden Horde led by Tokhtamysh lays siege to the capital of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
• The Battle of Chaldiran ends with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I, Ottoman Empire, over the Shah Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty.
• Christian II of Denmark is deposed as king of Sweden and Gustav Vasa is elected regent.
• French Wars of Religion: Mob violence against thousands of Huguenots in Paris results in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
• Long Turkish War: Wallachian prince Michael the Brave confronts the Ottoman army in the Battle of Călugăreni and achieves a tactical victory.[citation needed]

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