Episode 23 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

What the four expeditionaries found when they were reunited with their countrymen. How they were horrified by what they saw. And how they resolved to do something about it.

Pages: f56v-f60v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Michuaca Lienzo Nuño de Guzmán," by unknown, Wikipedia, Public Domain.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 22 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the four expeditionaries crossed the Continental Divide. How they re-connected with the Castilian world. And how they saw the first signs of the devastation wrought by their countrymen on the Native American communities of which they now considered themselves a part.

Pages: f52r-56v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Cabeza de Vaca, Estevanico, and the other Survivors," artist unknown. Image available on the Internet, viewed on 24 April 2020. httpstshaonline.orghandbookonlinearticlesfca06.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 21 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How Cabeza de Vaca removed an arrowhead from the beating heart of an ailing native. How the four expeditionaries' "authority" continued to grow. How the expeditionaries abused that authority. And how they came to repent of it.

Pages: f49v-f52r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover Art: "The First Recorded Surgical Operation in North America," 1965. By Tom Lea, Courtesy of the Tom Lea Institute., El Paso, Texas. All Rights Reserved.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 20 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

What clues Native Americans left as to how they viewed the four expeditionaries. Why they seemed so determined to carry the expeditionaries up into northern Coahuila. And how the expeditionaries entered the spiritual heartland of Native North America.

Pages: f48v-f49v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: Photo by Jean Clottes, Courtesy Shumla Archaeological Research and Education Center, taken from The White Shaman Mural: An Enduring Creation Narrative in the Rock Art of the Lower Pecos. University of Texas Press, Austin (2016), fig 1-6.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 19 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the four expeditionaries came to within a few weeks’ march of the Rio de las Palmas, their goal for the last seven years. How they turned away from their goal. And how it becomes apparent that the spiritual movement they were "leading" wasn't really about them.
 
Pages: f46v-f48v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Children of the Sun" by Ettore “Ted” DeGrazia, Courtesy of DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun, DeGrazia Foundation, Tucson, Arizona. All Rights Reserved.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 18 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How Estevan prepared the way for his companions as they crossed the Rio Grande. How to interpret the agendas of the "headmen" leading the natives now surrounding the four expeditionaries. How the expeditionaries realized they were still, despite their following, as vulnerable as they had been back on the Galveston beach.
 
Pages: f41v-f46v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: Cabeza de Vaca and his three companions in the Big Bend area. Texas Beyond History. Image available on the Internet, viewed on 12 May 2020.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 17 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

When the expeditionaries came to question their medicine. How they came to fear that they - perhaps - might be bringing the evil they thought they were curing. How they stopped healing. And how that made things even worse.

Pages: f38v-f41v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: Illustration by Carolyn E. Boyd, Courtesy Shumla Archaeological Research and Education Center, taken from The White Shaman Mural: An Enduring Creation Narrative in the Rock Art of the Lower Pecos. University of Texas Press, Austin (2016), fig 5-33.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 16 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the expeditionaries' cures became increasingly challenging. How their faith continued to work for them...and for their patients who were cured by it. And how Cabeza de Vaca raised a man from the dead.

Pages: f37r-f38v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: Illustration by Carolyn E. Boyd, Courtesy Shumla Archaeological Research and Education Center, taken from The White Shaman Mural: An Enduring Creation Narrative in the Rock Art of the Lower Pecos. University of Texas Press, Austin (2016), fig 5-20.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 15 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the four castaways became medicine men. How they performed their "cures." And how a burning bush showed Cabeza de Vaca the course he needed to follow.

Pages: f36r-37r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: Illustration by Carolyn E. Boyd, Courtesy Shumla Archaeological Research and Education Center, taken from The White Shaman Mural: An Enduring Creation Narrative in the Rock Art of the Lower Pecos. University of Texas Press, Austin (2016), fig 6-2.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 14 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How prickly pears brought the four old expeditionaries together. How they gorged on the nasty little fruits. And how they embarked on the first leg of their great pilgrimage that would carry them across the continent over the next eighteen months.

Pages: f34v-f36r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Esteban." The Granger Collection, New York. Image available on the Internet, viewed on 12 May 2020. https://kids.britannica.com/students/assembly/view/148310.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación).

www.BrandonSeale.com