Episode 13 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How Cabeza de Vaca was separated from Castillo, Dorantes, and Estevan. How his status decreased with his utility in the new landscape of South Texas. And what he did to survive this most difficult year.

Pages: f34r-34v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Claustro de Santo Domingo," by unknown, presumed burial location of Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, Wikicommons, Public Domain.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 12 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the peoples of South Texas differed from those of the upper Texas coast. How the four expeditionaries planned to escape from them. And how their plan was foiled.

Pages: f31v-f34r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Cactus Patch" by Ettore “Ted” DeGrazia, Courtesy of DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun, DeGrazia Foundation, Tucson, Arizona. All Rights Reserved.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 11 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How Alonso Castillo, Andrés Dorantes, and Esteban had made their way down the Texas Coast in 1529. How they had fallen into "slavery." How they were reunited with Cabeza de Vaca. And what to make of the "faith" that these men profess so unquestioningly in the face of repeated misfortunes.

Pages: f28v-f31v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Encircling Deer with Fire" by Ettore “Ted” DeGrazia, Courtesy of DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun, DeGrazia Foundation, Tucson, Arizona. All Rights Reserved.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 10 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How Cabeza de Vaca decided to leave Galveston Island. How his companion, Lope de Oviedo, decided he couldn't. And how Cabeza de Vaca first heard rumors of other surviving expeditionaries amongst the native peoples of South Texas.

Pages: f28r-f28v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Trader" by Ettore “Ted” DeGrazia, Courtesy of DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun, DeGrazia Foundation, Tucson, Arizona. All Rights Reserved.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 9 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the Native population of Galveston Island was decimated. The expeditionaries too. How Cabeza de Vaca was left behind. And how he lifted himself up from "slavery" to become a merchant plying his wares up and down the Texas coast.

Pages: f26r-f28r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Slaves Digging Roots" by Ettore “Ted” DeGrazia, Courtesy of DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun, DeGrazia Foundation, Tucson, Arizona. All Rights Reserved.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 8 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How Cabeza de Vaca and his companions were reunited with some of their fellow Narváez expeditionaries, including Alonso Castillo, Andrés Dorantes, and Estevan. How they tried to integrate themselves into the daily rhythms of the Cavoque community. And what happened that first winter when Native American and European immune systems were compromised by hunger, cold, and exposure to diseases they had never met before.

Pages: f23r-f26r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Expedition Cabeza de Vaca Karte," Wikicommons, Public Domain.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 7 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the expeditionaries debated what to do in the face of 100 armed "Cavoques," as the natives of Galveston called themselves. How the Cavoques offered to take the expeditionaries back to their village. And how the welcoming party they threw for the castaways scared the bejeezus out of them.

Pages: f22r-f23r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: Courtesy Shumla Archaeological Research and Education Center, taken from The White Shaman Mural: An Enduring Creation Narrative in the Rock Art of the Lower Pecos. University of Texas Press, Austin (2016), fig 2-8.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 6 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the conquistadors became castaways on Galveston Island. How the natives of Galveston Island found them. And what the natives decided to do with them.

Pages: f20v-f22r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Barges Capsize" by Ettore “Ted” DeGrazia, Courtesy of DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun, DeGrazia Foundation, Tucson, Arizona. All Rights Reserved.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 5 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the Narváez expeditionaries returned to the Gulf of Mexico. How the Gulf "turned" on them. And how all the tools of conquest began to fail them.

Pages: f16r-f20v in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Hernando Colon Map," courtesy of Jim MacDougald (1527). Note the label on the North American portion, "Tierra que aora va poblar panfilo de narvaes."

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com

Episode 4 of Brandon Seale's podcast on Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

How the Narváez expeditionaries "conquered" Apalache. And then had to flee for their lives. How they made it back to the Florida coast. And how they confronted the frightening reality that they had lost contact with their ships.

Pages: f11r-f16r in Zamora (1542) Edition as published by Adorno and Pautz (1999).

Cover art: "Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca," by Alfred Russell.

Selected Bibliography
Adorno, Rolena and Patrick Charles Pautz. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1999)
Boyd Carolyn. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos (2013)
Krieger, Alex. We Came Naked and Barefoot (2002)
Reséndez, Andrés. A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca (2007)
Stockdale, James Bond. “Courage Under Fire: Testing Epictetus’s Doctrines in a Laboratory of Human Behavior” (1993)
“Through the Eyes of the Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca on the South Texas Plains.” TexasBeyondHistory.Net (viewed July 6, 2020)
Wittliff Collections (Texas State University) exhibition on Cabeza de Vaca (including a digitized copy of an original 1555 edition of La Relación) 

www.BrandonSeale.com