Using the correct UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) zone is crucial when working with GIS data mapped to a UTM zone. We explain how projections work to translate locations from Earth's spherical surface to flat maps, and why UTM zones are critical for accurate agricultural mapping.

• UTM divides Earth into 60 zones, each six degrees of longitude wide
• UTM choice errors cause maps to appear in completely wrong locations, like oceans
• Creating maps in the wrong UTM zone leads to unusable prescriptions for field operations
• Maps created in one UTM zone but opened in another will show incorrect positions
• Farms located on UTM zone boundaries may encounter projection issues more frequently
• Always verify your UTM zone settings when working in mapping software
• Turn on background maps to confirm your fields are projecting in the correct location
• Reprojection tools in ADMS can help fix UTM errors

Avoid the sharks and floaties, check your UTM!

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Travis Yeik joins us for part two of our deep dive into the interaction of artificial intelligence and humans in agriculture, exploring current applications and future possibilities of this transformative technology in farming.

We chat about... 

• Weather forecasting is already utilizing AI to provide crucial planning information to farmers
• Precision agriculture applications include weed identification, disease monitoring, and targeted spraying
• Livestock operations benefit from AI monitoring of animal health, feed consumption, and production metrics
• Irrigation management systems use AI to optimize water usage and placement
• Biogenetics represents a revolutionary frontier where AI is accelerating crop development
• Protein structure mapping has advanced from mapping dozens to millions of proteins in just years
• Future AI applications could include profit maximization planning and automated stand count analysis
• Adoption challenges mirror previous farm technology introductions like auto-steer systems
• Data collection remains a critical challenge for AI implementation in agriculture
• Human oversight will remain essential even as AI capabilities continue to advance

Join us as we continue exploring how technology is transforming agriculture and what it means for the future of farming.

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Precision agriculture focuses on treating different parts of a field according to their unique yield potential instead of applying the same approach everywhere. Variable rate applications start with establishing realistic yield goals for different areas within a field based on their consistent performance patterns.

In this episode, Sarah and Jodi discuss:

• Using historical yield data to determine which areas consistently yield higher or lower
• Combining yield history with grid soil sampling data to create targeted fertilizer applications
• Assigning variable rate yield goals by zone when managing variability
• Being realistic about low-yield areas that consistently underperform
• Recognizing how nutrients accumulate in low-yield areas while being depleted in high-production zones
• Creating variable rate maps even with just composite soil samples by setting different yield goals
• Understanding precision agriculture is primarily about efficiency, not just yield maximization
• Managing costs by reducing inputs where appropriate while giving high-producing areas what they need

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We explore the future of human decision-making in precision agriculture and the role artificial intelligence might play in supporting – not replacing – farmers.

• Travis Yeik brings unique perspective from his background in farming, agronomy, and software development
• AI has existed since the 1950s but recent advances in computing power and algorithms have accelerated development
• Farmers must make complex decisions integrating agronomy, mechanics, business, finance and weather variables
• Current AI excels at specific tasks but cannot integrate all the complex knowledge domains needed for comprehensive farm management
• The true potential of AI is as a decision-support tool that helps farmers process overwhelming amounts of data
• Data availability remains a significant challenge for training AI models capable of nuanced agricultural recommendations
• Increasing farm sizes and tighter margins create a need for better decision-support tools, making AI potentially valuable
• Integration of AI should enhance rather than replace the human judgment and experience essential to farming

In part two of our conversation, we'll continue exploring how AI tools can help make farmers and agronomists more efficient without replacing their essential roles.

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We tackle a common technical prescription writing question in this Tiny Byte: what does it mean to place a prescription on the root of a drive and why does it matter. Understanding this simple concept can solve many frustrating issues when loading prescriptions onto different monitors.

• The "root" of a drive is the main directory—the blank space you see when first opening the drive
• Different farm equipment requires prescription files in specific locations
•  Page 203 of the 2025 ADMS User Manual lists out where prescriptions need to be saved on different monitors
• Some monitors require files directly on the root (no folders)
• The slash (/) in file paths just indicates folder structure
• Never use special characters in file or folder names—stick to letters, numbers, and dashes
• Proper file placement ensures controllers can find and use your prescription files

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Hudson Fuller, computer scientist and GK Technologies' newest software developer, discusses the upcoming ADMS software updates and his agricultural background while sharing insights into his current projects and future aspirations.

• Working on transitioning ADMS to the new .NET framework after Microsoft's discontinuation of the current framework
• Emphasizes that users will notice minimal differences with the update, possibly just crisper-looking buttons
• Explains the importance of diverse bug testing as programmers tend to test consistently while users interact with software unpredictably
• Began his agricultural journey at age three showing Baby Doll Southdown sheep at the Watertown Farm Show
• Showed various sheep breeds throughout his youth including full-blooded Southdowns and Hampshires
• Currently enhancing the Field Info tab in ADMS to automatically generate field boundaries and import NAIP images
• Developing XML export functionality for field information to improve data sharing and accessibility
• Lives with two other GK Technology employees – his parents Paul (drainage expert) and Kendra (server data management)
• Interested in future development of proprietary data collection using camera, radar, or lidar technology
• Joining the product development team brings exciting new possibilities for GK's precision agriculture tools

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We explore the fundamentals of digital storage and how it powers precision agriculture, covering basic bytes to the massive petabyte servers at GK Technology that store agricultural imagery and data.

• A byte equals eight binary bits and typically represents a single character or piece of data in computer language
• Digital storage units progress from kilobytes (thousand) to megabytes (million) to gigabytes (billion) to terabytes (trillion) to petabytes (thousand terabytes)
• GK Technology's Halstead office maintains a petabyte of storage containing agricultural data for most of the United States and three Canadian provinces
• Storage includes shapefile formats, NAIP imagery, Lidar data, and two satellite libraries: Landsat (30m resolution back to 1984) and Sentinel (10m resolution from 2016)
• Precision ag software users access this massive data repository when creating drainage maps or automated management zones
• Higher resolution imagery like drone photos requires significantly more storage space, creating challenges for agricultural data management

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Hudson Fuller, GK Technology's newest full-time employee and computer science graduate, shares his journey from baseball player to agricultural data specialist working on the ADAPT standard integration.

• Hudson's connection to GK began through family ties and company retreats before pursuing internships during college
• Completed a computer science degree at Dakota State University while playing college baseball
• Created an AI baseball pitch predictor that achieved 80% accuracy in predicting pitch outcomes
• Currently coaches high school baseball and plays for the local amateur team
• Working on implementing the ADAPT standard to unify agricultural data formats across different systems in ADMS
• ADAPT aims to standardize how agricultural data is stored and transferred between different controllers and software
• The standardization is similar to how hydraulic hookups were standardized to allow equipment compatibility
• Different file types (shapefiles, GeoJSON, ISO XML) serve different purposes in storing agricultural data
• Modern controllers can process thousands of data points instantly to vary application rates accurately

Join us for part two of our conversation with Hudson in the next episode of Ag Geek Speak.

Plant tissue testing offers farmers and consultants valuable insight into crop nutrient status and helps diagnose field issues when properly conducted. We explain the science behind tissue testing and share practical tips for getting actionable results.

• Tissue testing can help to evaluate nutrient status to understand crop health at various growth stages
• Troubleshoot field issues by comparing samples from healthy and problematic areas
• It is important to sample the correct plant part according to the crop's growth stage
• Mobile nutrients show deficiency in lower leaves while immobile nutrients affect upper leaves first
• Remember to remove soil contamination from samples, especially when checking iron levels
• Tissue tests can help to identify the problem while soil tests help determine corrective actions
• Have a specific goal in mind before collecting tissue samples
• Take both tissue and soil samples when diagnosing nutrient deficiencies

We continue our conversation this week with precision ag geek Shawn Kasprick of Simplot. Shawn shares how precision agriculture capabilities have evolved from floppy disks to satellite imagery, letting farmers see their operations all the way through from farm to field application.

Some topics we cover in this episode:

• Adapting precision agriculture for orchards with specialized equipment that applies fertilizer between rows
• Creating variable rate soil-applied herbicide maps based on soil property levels
• Using satellite imagery to identify wild oat patches before soybean emergence for targeted herbicide applications for subsequent wheat crops
• Developing variable rate fungicide applications for white mold management using crop density data
• Combining multiple data sources with AI to potentially identify specific pests in the future
• The importance of ground-truthing remote-sensed data to verify what's actually happening
• Ensuring technology enhances decision-making rather than just collecting data

Ask your agronomist or consultant about creative ways you could use precision agriculture on your farm. The technology is there—you just need to connect it with good agronomy.