American Journal of Sports Medicine

Posterior tibial slope (PTS) is a well-established anatomic risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure. Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) is increasingly used as an adjunctive procedure in high-risk patients to reduce rerupture rates; however, how its protective effect varies across the continuum of slope values remains insufficiently characterized. In conclusion, PTS was independently associated with graft failure in both groups. Although LET was associated with lower failure probabilities within a moderate slope range, increasing PTS values were linked to a progressively higher risk of reruptures in both groups. The association between a steeper slope and failure observed in the ACLR with LET group suggests that an elevated PTS may attenuate the relative protective effect of LET. Click here to read the article.

This episode of the Armed Forces & Society AI podcast series is a conversational-style AI summary of Morten G. Ender, Ryan Kelty, and Irving Smith's article entitled, 'Sociology at West Point'.

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Five articles from the May 2026 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles this month are:

• Restoring Glenoid Concavity: Angled Bone Blocks Provide Biomechanically Superior Function and Restore Glenohumeral Forces Over Flat Constructs in Glenoid Augmentation
• Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Provides Superior Stability in ACL Reconstruction With Posterolateral Tibial Fracture
• Biomechanical Roles of the Popliteomeniscal Fascicles and Meniscofibular and Meniscotibial Ligaments in Stabilizing the Lateral Meniscus Posterior Horn: A Cadaveric Study
• Effect of Inflammatory Biomarkers on Patient Symptomatic State at Time of Knee Chondroplasty
• Duloxetine Improves Early Clinical Outcomes Including Range of Motion, Functional Scores, Pain, and Psychological Distress After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients With Anxiety or Depression: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Click here to read the articles.

Previous literature has demonstrated that an increased number of preoperative anterior shoulder instability episodes is associated with recurrent anterior shoulder instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR). However, a threshold for the number of preoperative instability episodes that increases the risk of recurrent anterior shoulder instability is not well established. A threshold of ≥2 preoperative anterior shoulder instability episodes best predicted recurrent anterior shoulder instability after ABR. Stratification beyond 1 versus ≥2 preoperative anterior shoulder instability episodes did not increase predictive ability. This finding may help surgeons to counsel patients and consider earlier surgical stabilization in those who have sustained anterior shoulder instability episodes. Click here to read the article.

Five articles from the April 2026 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles this month are:

• Risk of Revision and Reoperation After ACL Reconstruction: Comparison of Quadriceps Tendon, Patellar Tendon, and Hamstring Autografts Stratified by Patient Sex and Age: A Cohort Study of 27,715 Patients From 2012 to 2023
• Combined Root and Body Lateral Meniscus Tears in the Adolescent Population: An Underrecognized and Underreported Tear Pattern
• Regenerative Effect of Injectable Collagen Loaded With Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy Rat Model
• Duration of Smoking Cessation Needed to Achieve Retear Rates Comparable to Those of Nonsmokers After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
• The Patient Acceptable Symptom State for Commonly Used Patient-Reported Outcomes After Nonoperative Management of Hip Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Click here to read the articles.

Rotator cuff (RC) tears are among the most common causes of shoulder dysfunction in sports medicine. Muscle atrophy and degeneration are important risk factors for RC tendon retearing and suboptimal recovery of shoulder function after tendon repair. Although blood flow restriction (BFR) can stimulate muscle regeneration after lower extremity trauma and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the mechanisms that underlie BFR remain unknown, and its application to RC tears has not yet been explored. In conclusion, BFR significantly improves muscle quality and shoulder function after RC injury. These effects occur alongside increased mitochondrial transfer from FAPs to myocytes. Click here to read the article.

Four articles from the March 2026 issue summarized in five minutes, with the addition of a brief editorial commentary. The 5-in-5 feature is designed to give readers an overview of articles that may pique their interest and encourage more detailed reading. It may also be used by busy readers who would prefer a brief audio summary in order to select the articles they want to read in full.

The featured articles this month are:

• Intra-articular Delivery of Recombinant Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein (Anakinra) Enhances Graft Function in a Porcine Model of Osteochondral Repair
• Prevalence of Postoperative Knee Pain After ACL Reconstruction at 2, 6, and 10 Years of Follow-up: Data From the MOON Group
• Suture Interval Spacing in Meniscal Repair—Aim for ≤7 mm: A Biomechanical Study: ISAKOS Albert Trillat Award 2025
• The Effect of Different Cognitive Demands on ACL Risk Biomechanics and Prefrontal Activation During a Single-Leg Drop Jump

Click here to read the articles.

The literature suggests that both arthroscopic posterior Bankart repair (APB) and posterior bone block (PBB) are effective procedures in the short to medium term, although recurrence and revision rates do not appear to be negligible. However, fewer studies, especially comparative ones, are available regarding the long-term outcomes of these procedures. In conclusion, at a mean follow-up of 5 years for APB and 12 years for PBB, the APB group had a similar recurrence rate but fewer complications and revisions compared with the PBB group. Both techniques resulted in good to excellent clinical and functional outcomes, as well as high satisfaction and RTS rates. Click here to read the article.

Previous studies have shown that arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability (ASI) may lead to high rates of instability recurrence and revision surgery at 10-year follow-up, but data on 20-year postoperative outcomes are scarce. In conclusion, about 1 in 3 patients reported instability recurrence or redislocations, and 1 in 5 underwent further surgery. In patients who did not undergo further surgery, good to excellent shoulder function as well as low pain and instability levels were observed at a minimum 20 years after ABR. The presence of inferior glenohumeral laxity was associated with a higher risk for subjective reinstability, and the use of fewer anchors was associated with redislocations. Click here to read the article.

The high rates of failures and reoperations (up to 50%) after arthroscopic posterior Bankart repair (APBR) remain a concern. In conclusion, in patients with recurrent posterior instability, the presence of posterior glenoid erosion was the main risk factor for failure after APBR. By contrast, a posterior bony Bankart lesion did not represent a contraindication to arthroscopic stabilization using suture anchor fixation. Click here to read the article.