Beyond the Breakers

To kick off Season Four we are telling the story of the destroyer USS Reuben James, the first US Navy loss of the Second World War.

Sources: 

Benson, Olver. “The Changing Patterns of the War.” Current History, vol. 1, no. 4, Dec 1941, pp. 297 - 302. 

Blower, Brooke. “From Isolationism to Neutrality.” Diplomatic History, vo. 38, no. 2, Apr 2014, pp. 345 - 376. 

Guerlac, Henry and Marie Boas. “The Radar War Against the U-Boat.” Military Affairs, vol. 14, no. 2, Summer 1950, pp. 99 - 111. 

Kaufman, Will. “Woody Guthrie’s ‘Union War.’” Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies, vol. 16, no. ½, Spring-Fall 2010, pp. 109 - 124. 

Norton, Douglas M. “The Open Secret: The U.S. Navy in the Battle of the Atlantic April - December 1941.” Naval War College Review, vol. 26, no. 4, Jan-Feb 1974, pp. 63 - 83. 

“Outbreaks of Food Poisoning Recently Reported in the Navy.” Public Health Reports (1896 - 1970), vol. 42, no. 18, 6 May 1927, pp. 1254 - 1256. 

Schuessler, John M. “The Deception Dividend: FDR’s Undeclared War.” International Security, vol. 34, no. 4, Spring 2010, pp. 133 - 165. 

Wright, Quincy. “The Lend-Lease Bill and International Law.” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 35, no. 2, Apr 1941, pp. 305 - 314.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/neutrality-acts

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This is Part Two of the tale of the Mavi Marmara and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla of 2010. This part of the episode details the raid itself, the aftermath, and where the flotilla fits in the long story of Palestine.

This will also serve as the main feed finale for Season Three of the show. We will be back in the new year with a brand new season of old favorites, new fixations, and everything in between.

فلسطين حرة

Outro Music: Mohammed Assaf - Dammi Falastini (محمد عساف - دمي فلسطيني)

Sources: 

Bayoumi, Moustafa. Midnight on the Mavi Marmara: The Attack on the Gaza Freedom Flotilla and How It Changed the Course of the Israel/Palestine Conflict. Haymarket Books, 2010. 

Bisharat, George, Carey James, and Rose Mishaan. “Freedom Thwarted: Israel’s Illegal Attack on the Gaza Flotilla.” Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern & Islamic Law, vol. 79, 2011. 

Berkowitz, Peter. “The Gaza Flotilla and International Law.” The Hoover Institution, 1 Aug 2011. https://www.hoover.org/research/gaza-flotilla-and-international-law. 

De Jong, Anne. “The Gaza Freedom Flotilla: Human Rights, Activism, and Academic Neutrality.” Social Movement Studies, vol. 11, no. 2, April 2012, pp. 193 - 209. 

Neureiter, Michael. “Sources of media bias in coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid in German, British, and US newspapers.” Israel Affairs, vol. 23, no. 1, 2017, pp. 66 - 86. 

“Palestine Our Route - Humanitarian Aid Our Load: Flotilla Campaign Summary Report.” The Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief. https://web.archive.org/web/20110727065115/http://www.ihh.org.tr/uploads/2010/insaniyardim-filosu-ozet-raporu_en.pdf

“Report of the international fact-finding mission to investigate violations of international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law, resulting from the Israeli attacks on the flotilla of ships carrying humanitarian aid.” United National General Assembly - Human Rights Council, 15th Session. 

Steinberg, Philip E. “The Deepwater Horizon, the Mavi Marmara, and the dynamic zonation of ocean space.” The Geographic Journal, vol. 177, no. 1, March 2011, pp. 12 - 16. 

Wajner, Daniel F. “‘Battling’ for Legitimacy: Analyzing Performative Contests in the Gaza Flotilla Paradigmatic Case.” International Studies Quarterly, vol. 63, 2019, pp. 1035 - 1050. 

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In this two-part episode we  discuss the 2010 Gaza Freedom Flotilla,  which was raided by Israeli forces resulting in the deaths of multiple participants. 

Part One looks at the history and context in which the Freedom Flotillas occurred, and leads into the raid itself. 

Part Two will deal with the details of the raid in the early morning of May 31st, 2010 and the aftermath of the attack, including the international response and connection to the current Israeli assault on Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. 

Sources: 

Bayoumi, Moustafa. Midnight on the Mavi Marmara: The Attack on the Gaza Freedom Flotilla and How It Changed the Course of the Israel/Palestine Conflict. Haymarket Books, 2010. 

Bisharat, George, Carey James, and Rose Mishaan. “Freedom Thwarted: Israel’s Illegal Attack on the Gaza Flotilla.” Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern & Islamic Law, vol. 79, 2011. 

De Jong, Anne. “The Gaza Freedom Flotilla: Human Rights, Activism, and Academic Neutrality.” Social Movement Studies, vol. 11, no. 2, April 2012, pp. 193 - 209. 

“Palestine Our Route - Humanitarian Aid Our Load: Flotilla Campaign Summary Report.” The Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief. https://web.archive.org/web/20110727065115/http://www.ihh.org.tr/uploads/2010/insaniyardim-filosu-ozet-raporu_en.pdf

“Report of the international fact-finding mission to investigate violations of international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law, resulting from the Israeli attacks on the flotilla of ships carrying humanitarian aid.” United National General Assembly - Human Rights Council, 15th Session. 

https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/12session/A-HRC-12-48.pdf

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**this episode was originally released a Patreon-exclusive bonus episode in December 2022**

Here is an extra special Patreon bonus episode wrapping up our discussion of the Lusitania. We talk about the legal aspects of Britain's blockade and the German U-boat campaign, the Lusitania Riots of 1915, and cover a few other bits of miscellanea. 

Thanks so much for supporting the show, and we look forward to bringing you more next season. 

Sources:

Dedering, Tilman. “‘Avenge the Lusitania’: The Anti-German Riots in South Africa in 1915. Immigrants & Minorities, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 256 - 288.

Gullace, Nicoletta E. “Friends, Aliens, and Enemies: Fictive Communities and the Lusitania Riots of 195.” Journal of Social History, Winter 2005, pp. 345 - 363.

Nelson, Robert J. and Christopher Waters. “Slow or Spectacular Death: Reconsidering the Legal History of Blockade and Submarines in World War I.” University of Toronto Law Journal, vol. 69, no. 4, Fall 2019, pp. 473 - 496

Thompson, Paul. “The Lusitania Riots in Pietermaritzburg 13-14 May 1915.” War & Society, vol. 36, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1-30

Watts, Jarica. “Submerged By Fear.” Conradiana, vol. 49, no. 1, 2017, pp. 17 - 42

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In the dying days of the Great War, the French navy commissioned 12 Navarin-class minesweepers, to be constructed in Canada under the direction of Wisconsin's Manitowoc Shipbuilding.

Three of these minesweepers - Inkerman, Cerisoles, and Sebastopol departed Fort William, Ontario  on Novembers 23, 1918

Only one would be seen again.

Sources:

Stonehouse, Frederick. "Ils Sont Disparu! They Are Gone: The Baffling Fate of Inkerman & Cerisoles." Lake Superior Magazine, 12 Nov 2018. https://www.lakesuperior.com/the-lake/maritime/405-ils-sont-disparu/

"Two Trawlers Believed Lost on Great Lakes." Saskatoon Daily Star, 3 Dec 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/article/saskatoon-daily-star-two-trawlers-believ/127617031/

Wrecksite.eu - Cerisoles

Wrecksite.eu - Inkerman

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In March 1929, the US Coast Guard cutters Wolcott and Dexter pursued and subsequently sank the bootlegging schooner I'm Alone, touching off an international incident and legal battle that would outlast the Prohibition laws that led to it in the first place.

Sources:

The American Council on Addiction & Alcohol Problems

Hagen, Carrie. "The Coast Guard's Most Potent Weapon During Prohibition? Codebreaker Elizebeth Friedman." Smithsonian Magazine, 28 Jan 2015. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/coast-guards-most-potent-weapon-during-prohibition-codebreaker-elizebeth-friedman

"Prohibition: Legislating Alcohol in America." The National WWI Museum and Memorial. https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/about-wwi/prohibition

Ricci, Joseph A. "Use All Force!" Naval History Magazine, vol. 27, no. 3, May 2013

Saharay, H. and A. Pal. "Hot Pursuit in Self-Defence." Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 3, no. 29, 20 July 1968, pp. 1145 - 1146

Skoglund, Nancy Galey. "The I'm Alone Case: A Tale from the Days of Prohibition." University of Rochester Library Bulletin, vol. 23, no. 3, Spring 1968

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This is the first installment of our Beyond the Breakers Book Club episodes. We hope to get one of these in each month. This episode is being released as the main episode this week, and if you like what you hear then subsequent book club episodes will be available on Patreon at the second mate ($5) tier.

Outro Music: This Bike Is A Pipe Bomb, 'Jack Johnson'

Sources:

Berliner, Jonathan. “Jack London’s Socialistic Social Darwinism.” American Literary Realism, vol. 41, no. 1, Fall 2008, pp. 52 - 78.

Link, Eric Carl. “The Five Deaths of Wolf Larsen.” Studies in American Naturalism, vol. 5, no. 2, Winter 2010, pp. 151 - 163.

Link, Eric Carl. “Jack London, ‘The Sea-Wolf’, and the Natural History of Love.” Studies in American Naturalism, vol. 8, no. 2, Winter 2013, pp. 171 - 185.

Oliveri, Vinnie. “Sex, Gender, and Death in ‘The Sea-Wolf’. Pacific Coast Philology, vol. 38, 2003, pp. 99 - 115. 

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It is once again Halloween and that means we have a round of spooky ship tales to share with you. 

We've got: 

• the USS North Carolina
• Deaths on Hallowe'en at Fort Niagara
• the spectral sailors of the oil tanker Watertown
• 'The Phantom of the Forrestal'

**As we're sharing this episode with you, the genocide in Palestine continues, with upwards of 8,000 recorded deaths in Gaza and numbers entering the hundreds in the West Bank due to escalating settler violence. We encourage you to use any platform that you have at all to speak out and protest what is being done - especially our fellow American listeners. There has been an encouraging groundswell of support for the Palestinian cause and we have to keep it up to end the atrocities being committed against one of the most vulnerable groups of people on the planet.**

Sources:

https://www.portcityparanormal.com/the-battleship-uss-north-carolina/

https://battleshipnc.com/ship-history/

https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/north-carolina-iii.html

Winer, Richard. Ghost Ships: True Stories of Nautical Nightmares, Hauntings, and Disasters. Berkley, 2000.

Oh, Canada (Jazz) 

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This is a bit of a chimera episode with welcoming Taylor back to the show, discussing some current events (including the St. Lawrence Seaway workers strike), and telling the tale of the MV Material Service.

**if you just want pure unfiltered shipwreck action the story itself starts at 19:30**

Sources:

Kohl, Chris. 100 Best Great Lakes Shipwrecks, Vol. II. Seawolf Communications, 1998.

Leathem Smith-Putnam Navigation Co. v. Osby et al. (1935)

"MV Material Service." wrecksite.eu

Patent US2335199A - Scraper for ship unloading apparatus

"Res ipsa loquitur." Cornell Law School.

 Screening Level Risk Assessment Package: Material Service 

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This is Part II of what became a two-part series on the Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley, with special guest host Nick Williams (@dolorousnick). It was not originally planned as such, so the break between episodes happens pretty abruptly.

**Tanner's mic quality is not great in this episode, but it has been cleaned up as much as possible**

***a portion of this month's Patreon payout goes to Medical Aid for Palestinians (MAP) https://www.map.org.uk/ - if you have the resources we urge you to give to one of several charities who are operating in impossible circumstances in Gaza under Israel's genocidal forced removal and bombing campaign.
^an update - while donations will be important for the future, as of uploading on 10/20/23 Israel is still preventing any additional food, water, or supplies from entering the Gaza Strip; we urge listeners to continue sharing Palestinian voices and promoting liberation of Palestine in any way possible with whatever reach you may have.

sound bite is from The Whitest Kids U' Know - Lincoln (RIP Trevor) 

Sources:

Chaffin, Tom. The H.L. Hunley: The Secret Hope of the Confederacy. Hill and Wang, 2010.

Kelln, Albert L. “Confederate Submarines.” The Virginia Magazine of HIstory and Biography, vol. 61, no. 3, July 1953, pp. 293 - 303. 

Schneller, Robert J. “A Littoral Frustration: The Union Navy and the Siege of Charleston, 1863 - 1865.” Naval War College Review, vol. 49, no. 1, Winter 1996, pp. 38 - 60. 

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