From the start, Chambersburg, a quiet farming community near the Maryland border, was truly the crossroads of destiny. In 1859, John Brown set the stage for conflict when he planned his raid on Harpers Ferry while he was staying in Chambersburg. This raid was the final spark that set off the Civil War. Then, for four long years, Chambersburg residents endured an influx of both Union and Confederate troops, often outnumbering them in their own community. As a staging area for the Union Army, thousands of soldiers prepared for war there. Its geographic proximity to the Confederacy brought such Confederate leaders as Generals JEB Stuart and Robert E. Lee to Chambersburg. All told, more than 150,000 soldiers- blue and gray- trod the streets of Chambersburg and camped in its environs.

Ted Alexander, Park Historian at Antietam National Battlefield, is the author of more than a hundred articles and book reviews, and the author or co-author of several books on the Civil War.