Painexam Podcast Show Notes: Journal Club on "Ventricular Infusion and Nanoprobes Identify Cerebrospinal Fluid and Glymphatic Circulation in Human Nerves"

Special Thanks to Robert Stall, MD

Introduction:

• Welcome to another episode of the Painexam Podcast! In today's journal club edition, we delve into a fascinating study by Dr. Joel E. Pessa on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation in human nerves.

Background:

• The study addresses the growing evidence of CSF circulation in human nerves and its implications in various conditions encountered by plastic surgeons.
• Conditions such as nerve transection, stretch injuries, and peripheral neuropathy may be related to dysregulation of the CSF system.

Methods:

• Dr. Pessa and his team developed the ventricular infusion technique using buffered saline in 2017.
• The technique was applied to eight fresh cadavers before dissecting the median nerve.
• Fluorescent imaging and nanoprobe injections were combined with ventricular infusion in selected specimens.

Results:

• The eight cadaver specimens (six female, two male) aged 46–97 underwent successful ventricular infusion.
• Ventricular cannulation was performed successfully using specific coordinates.
• Results suggest that CSF flows in neural sheaths, including pia meninges, epineurial channels, perineurium, and myelin sheaths (neurolemma).

Conclusions:

• Ventricular infusion and nanoprobes effectively identify CSF flow in neural sheaths of human nerves.
• CSF flow in nerves is described as an open circulatory system occurring via channels, intracellular flow, and cell-to-cell transport associated with glial cells.
• Neural sheaths, including neurolemma, may play a role in glucose and solute transport to axons.
• The techniques showcased in this study can be utilized in anatomic dissection and live animal models and have been extended to the central nervous system to identify direct ventricle-to-pia meninges CSF pathways.

Significance:

• This study opens new avenues for understanding the intricate mechanisms of CSF circulation in neural tissues.
• Plastic surgeons and researchers can benefit from these techniques in studying and addressing conditions related to CSF dysregulation in nerves.
• The findings have implications not only for nerve-related conditions but also for broader applications in the central nervous system.

Closing:

• Thank you for joining us on this insightful journey through Dr. Joel E. Pessa's study. Stay tuned for more engaging discussions on pain management and neurology in future Painexam Podcast episodes!

Reference

Pessa JE. Ventricular Infusion and Nanoprobes Identify Cerebrospinal Fluid and Glymphatic Circulation in Human Nerves. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022 Feb 17;10(2):e4126. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004126. PMID: 35198353; PMCID: PMC8856590.