We trace Dr. Charlotte Schaefer’s path from standout UTMB student to Texas trailblazer in public health, teaching, and women-led enterprise. A hookworm breakthrough, a sister-run pharmacy, and a fierce respect for detail show how small choices shape big outcomes.

• UTMB’s early years and the barrier for women 
• why “M. Charlotte” matters for historical research 
• the 1901 hookworm identification and public health impact 
• becoming UTMB’s first female faculty and later full professor 
• teaching histology with rigor through storms and pandemics 
• the Schaefer sisters’ sterilized, women-run pharmacy in San Antonio 
• community care, mutual aid, and ethical business practice 
• sudden passing and the legacy of precision, service, and courage

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