We trace Dr. Charlotte Schaefer’s path from standout UTMB student to Texas trailblazer in public health, teaching, and women-led enterprise. A hookworm breakthrough, a sister-run pharmacy, and a fierce respect for detail show how small choices shape big outcomes.

• UTMB’s early years and the barrier for women 
• why “M. Charlotte” matters for historical research 
• the 1901 hookworm identification and public health impact 
• becoming UTMB’s first female faculty and later full professor 
• teaching histology with rigor through storms and pandemics 
• the Schaefer sisters’ sterilized, women-run pharmacy in San Antonio 
• community care, mutual aid, and ethical business practice 
• sudden passing and the legacy of precision, service, and courage

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A neglected marsh evolved into Galveston’s hidden engine, from a Civil War battery and a quarantine station for immigrants to a WWII shipyard hub and a maritime university that shapes ocean careers. We trace how silt, storms, and bold engineering turned two spits into a platform for ships, study, and memory.

• fragile marshlands
• early maps showing two separate spits
• Civil War fortifications guarding the channel
• post‑1900 hurricane dredging and grade raising
• quarantine and immigration through Pelican Island
• Seawolf Park and WWII naval vessels
• shipyards powering Galveston’s economy
• bridge access enabling growth and education
• Texas A&M Galveston and maritime training
• the island as habitat, history, and future

Visit the Galveston Naval Museum at Seawolf Park. Explore Texas A&M’s waterfront campus. Drive past the shipyards still humming with work.

Galveston Unscripted on video!

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The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, just 30 miles north of Galveston Island, has been at the heart of American space exploration for more than six decades. This connection has created a unique relationship between coastal living and cosmic discovery, with astronauts living and working on the island and NASA collaborating with local institutions on innovative projects.

• NASA established the Johnson Space Center near Galveston in 1964 after a national search for ideal conditions
• President Kennedy's famous 1962 Rice University speech helped rally support for the Apollo program
• Retired astronaut Colonel Mike Fossum joined Texas A&M University at Galveston in 2017 as vice president
• Astronaut Christina Koch tweeted photos of Galveston from space during her record-breaking 328-day mission
• Koch is now part of the Artemis II crew scheduled to orbit the moon in 2026
• The Sargassum Early Advisory System (SEAS) uses NASA satellite imagery to forecast seaweed landings with 90% accuracy
• NASA has conducted Orion spacecraft testing in Gulf waters off Galveston Island
• Texas A&M Galveston vessels and divers supported critical spacecraft water recovery tests

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Galveston's historic hotels tell the story of an island that has weathered economic shifts, natural disasters, and cultural transformations over two centuries. The Tremont House and Hotel Galvez stand as living monuments to Galveston's resilience, from hosting presidents and even playing crucial roles in the city's development from the Republic of Texas era to today.

• The first Tremont House opened in 1839 during the Republic of Texas, serving as Galveston's social and political hub
• Sam Houston used the original Tremont as his headquarters when visiting and warned against secession from its balconies
• The second Tremont hosted five U.S. presidents and featured one of Texas' first steam-powered elevators
• Hotel Galvez opened in 1911 as a symbol of rebirth after the devastating 1900 hurricane
• FDR used Hotel Galvez as his temporary White House during a 10-day fishing trip in 1937
• George and Cynthia Mitchell revived the Tremont tradition in 1985, converting a historic warehouse into the current hotel
• Though opened in different eras, both hotels sparked revitalization and rejuvenation of Galveston Island's economy
• The hotels continue to welcome visitors as living pieces of Galveston history, not just places to stay

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Galveston's longshoremen, both Black and white, fought against exploitation and dangerous working conditions in one of America's most important port cities, culminating in violent strikes and an unprecedented five-month military occupation.

• Cotton was king and Galveston was Texas' gateway to the world in the mid-19th century
• Longshoremen and screwmen performed grueling, dangerous work loading ships for minimal pay
• Unusual interracial cooperation between segregated unions challenged Jim Crow norms
• The 1898 strike turned deadly when police fired into crowds, killing three workers
• Companies deliberately inflamed racial tensions to break worker solidarity
• Governor William Hobby declared martial law during the 1920 strike
• National Guard occupied Galveston for five months—one of the longest peacetime military occupations in US history
• These forgotten labor struggles helped shape Texas' strong right-to-work laws
• Longshore unions continue operating in Galveston today, carrying on a 150-year legacy

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Galveston's beer history spans from homemade frontier brews to today's thriving craft scene. The island's unique position as Texas' busiest port shaped its drinking culture through imported tastes and traditions.

• Early Americans brewed beer at home using local ingredients like corn
• German immigrants brought lager brewing techniques requiring cold storage
• Ice was shipped from New England to Galveston in the 1860s before local production
• Ice houses evolved from storage facilities into social establishments selling cold beer
• Galveston Brewing Company opened in 1897 with capacity for 100,000 barrels annually
• The brewery included its own ice plant producing 100 tons daily
• Prohibition forced breweries to adapt by producing non-alcoholic alternatives
• After multiple ownership changes, the original brewery closed in 1982
• Today's craft beer renaissance includes four local breweries on the island
• Galveston participates in the Brew City Texas program launched in 2024
• The Texas craft beer industry contributes $5 billion to the state economy

Next time you're on the island, visit one of Galveston's four local breweries - Galveston Island Brewing, Naked Iguana Brewery, Beerfoot, or Devil in the Deep - to taste our brewing heritage firsthand.

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We explore the surprising maritime history of Texas cowboys who swam thousands of cattle across open saltwater to reach Galveston Island's rich grazing lands. This forgotten chapter reveals how the Texas Gulf Coast played a vital role in building the cattle economy that helped shape the state.

• Spanish and Mexican vaqueros created the original cowboy techniques that would become the foundation of Texas ranching culture
• Galveston Island's salt-tolerant grasses made it ideal winter pasture, with water naturally fencing in the cattle
• Cowboys literally swam herds across Galveston Bay, guiding thousands of cattle through the water
• Legendary cowboys like Sterling Spell performed extraordinary feats, including wrestling a 1,000-pound steer during a bay crossing
• Galveston's deep natural harbor and rail connections made it a crucial cattle export hub to Cuba, Central America, and Europe
• The Butler family's stockpens processed tens of thousands of cattle annually, including a Cuban shipment of 49,000 head
• Barbed wire and expanding railroads ended the era of open-range grazing and long cattle drives
• The Schaper family operated a dairy farm on Galveston's West End for nearly 90 years
• Coastal ranching contributed to industry innovations like dipping vats to combat Texas fever
• In 2011, Galveston facilitated the largest live cattle export in U.S. history, shipping over 5,500 pregnant heifers to Russia
• Though now primarily a vacation destination, Galveston's West End still contains traces of its cattle ranching heritage

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Samuel Collins III shares the untold story of Juneteenth, revealing how United States Colored Troops played a crucial but largely erased role in bringing freedom to Texas. He challenges common misconceptions and illuminates how Galveston's Black community grew after emancipation, creating businesses, schools, and generational legacies.

• The news of freedom wasn't actually late to Galveston but arrived as early as fall 1862 when Union forces first controlled the island
• United States Colored Troops made up 75% of soldiers in Texas after Juneteenth but have been intentionally excluded from historical narratives
• Galveston's Black population more than doubled after emancipation as people came to the island for economic opportunities
• Black dockworkers at Galveston's port earned equal pay to white workers, helping establish a thriving middle class
• Education was prioritized with schools established by September 1865, less than three months after emancipation
• Families like the Sculls created 160-year legacies of service and education that continue today
• Juneteenth has evolved from a Texas event to become a national holiday and worldwide celebration of freedom

Come to Galveston Island, the birthplace of Juneteenth, to truly understand this vital chapter in American history. As Samuel says, "it's like reading about swimming or watching a film on swimming. At some point you have to get in the water to learn to swim."

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The history of the Port of Galveston spans 200 years, from a sandbar with a safe natural harbor to becoming America's fourth busiest cruise port today, earning its place as Texas' oldest working port despite hurricanes, wars, and economic challenges.

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Two Sicilian barbers built an empire of vice, transforming Galveston into the "Free State" where prohibition laws and moral restrictions held no power for decades.

• Texas and national prohibition in the 1920s created a black market for liquor, gambling and prostitution
• Galveston's position on the Gulf of Mexico made it ideal for smuggling and vice operations
• Sicilian immigrants Rose and Sam Maceo rose from barbers to powerful underworld figures
• The Hollywood Dinner Club (1926) and Balinese Room (1942) became world-renowned entertainment venues
• The Maceos maintained order, invested in the community, and kept Galveston economically thriving during the Depression
• The Texas Rangers finally ended the era in 1957 with a brilliant strategy—simply sitting in establishments every night for 2.5 years

Galveston Unscripted on video!

What is Galveston Unscripted?

Follow Galveston Unscripted on Spotify or Apple Podcasts! More history content on Visit Galveston!