CrashCourse

Most sex ed tells you how not to get pregnant… but what if you want to? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll traverse the complex journey of getting pregnant, being pregnant, and going through childbirth—with all the strange symptoms and fascinating science that entails.

Introduction: Want to Get Pregnant? 00:00
Getting Pregnant 0:39
Infertility & Pregnancy Loss 1:18
Being Pregnant 2:50
Giving Birth 5:45
The Fourth Trimester 8:18
Review & Credits 9:05

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharing

For more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4Wdsdkrgbk

Read more about these topics here:
Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy
Cleveland Clinic - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9676-labor-delivery

***
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Shruti S, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Quinn Harden, oranjeez, Forrest Langseth, UwU, Leah H., Jack Hart, Elizabeth LaBelle, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Toni Miles, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Steve Segreto, Ken Davidian, Laurel Stevens, Stephen Akuffo, Samantha, Krystle Young, Kristina D Knight, Perry Joyce, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Matt Curls, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Jennifer Killen, team dorsey, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Trevin Beattie, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Eric Koslow, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, ClareG, Barrett Nuzum, Rizwan Kassim, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, Siobhán, Constance Urist, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Emily T, Triad Terrace, Thomas Greinert, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Joseph Ruf
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Hank introduces us to nonvascular plants - liverworts, hornworts & mosses - which have bizarre features, kooky habits, and strange sex lives. Nonvascular plants inherited their reproductive cycle from algae, but have perfected it to the point where it is now used by all plants in one way or another and has even left traces in our own reproductive systems.

Table of Contents
1) Key Traits of Nonvascular Plants 01:42
2) 3 Phyla of Bryophytes 02:52
3) Alternation of Generations 04:33
a) Gametophyte Generation 05:04
b) Sporophyte Generation 05:25
c) In Vascular Plants 07:48

References:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/06/0604_wirealgae.html
http://kidsresearchexpress.blogspot.com/2008/07/alternation-of-generations.html
http://facultyweb.wcjc.edu/biology/BIOL1407/Lab%20Handouts/Lab_4_land_plants_I.pdf
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/moss.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternation_of_generations
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/dox/altgen_new.html

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This week Craig looks at the expressed powers of the President of the United States - that is the ones you can find in the Constitution. From appointing judges and granting pardons, to vetoing laws and acting as the nation’s chief diplomat on foreign policy, the Commander in Chief is a pretty powerful person, but actually not as powerful as you might think. The Constitution also limits presidential powers to maintain balance among the three branches of government. Next week we'll talk about the President's powers NOT mentioned in the Constitution - implied powers.

Support is provided by Voqal: http://www.voqal.org
This episode is sponsored by Squarespace: http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse

Chapters:
Introduction: Presidential Power 00:00
Qualifications to become President 1:41
Presidential powers 2:33
Commander-in-Chief 3:26
Diplomatic powers of the President 4:11
State of the Union 4:38
Other formal powers of the President 5:03
Credits 5:56

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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What is tribal sovereignty? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll explore how tribes can and can’t govern themselves, and why sovereignty isn’t something the U.S. ever gave to tribes — it’s an inherent right they already had.

Introduction: The Chinook 00:00
What is tribal sovereignty? 0:42
Tribal sovereignty in the US 1:57
Plenary power 3:23
The benefits of tribal sovereignty 5:39
The limitations of tribal sovereignty 8:16
Review & Credits 9:59

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing

Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2


***
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Shruti S, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Quinn Harden, oranjeez, Forrest Langseth, UwU, Leah H., Jack Hart, Elizabeth LaBelle, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Toni Miles, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Steve Segreto, Ken Davidian, Laurel Stevens, Stephen Akuffo, Samantha, Krystle Young, Kristina D Knight, Perry Joyce, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Matt Curls, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Jennifer Killen, team dorsey, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Trevin Beattie, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Eric Koslow, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, ClareG, Barrett Nuzum, Rizwan Kassim, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, Siobhán, Constance Urist, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Emily T, Triad Terrace, Thomas Greinert, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Joseph Ruf
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In which John Green teaches you about the war that was supposed to end all wars. Instead, it solved nothing and set the stage for the world to be back at war just a couple of decades later. As an added bonus, World War I changed the way people look at the world, and normalized cynicism and irony. John will teach you how the assassination of an Austrian Archduke kicked off a new kind of war that involved more nations and more people than any war that came before. New technology like machine guns, airplanes, tanks, and poison gas made killing more efficient than ever. Trench warfare and modern weapons led to battles in which tens of thousands of soldiers were killed in a day, with no ground gained for either side. World War I washed away the last vestiges of 19th-century Romanticism and paved the way for the 20th-century modernism that we all know and find to be cold and off-putting. While there may not be much upside to WWI, at least it inspired George M. Cohan to write the awesome song, "Over There."

Chapters:
Introduction: The Great War 00:00
Causes of World War I 0:45
Who is to blame for starting WWI? 2:17
Trench Warfare 3:11
Combatants From Around the World 3:42
Casualties of World War I 4:05
Soldiers' Sentiments During the WWI 5:35
An Open Letter to Alcohol 7:37
Outcomes of WWI 8:24
Credits 11:07

Resources:
Over There by George M. Cohan, performed by Bill Murray: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbggEGUaE28
The Guns of August by Barbara Tuchman: https://bit.ly/37lYqoK

Interested in learning more? Check out these other Crash Course videos about WWI:
How World War I Started: Crash Course World History #209: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd2ch4XV84s
Who Started World War I: Crash Course World History #210: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pFCpKtwCkI
America in World War I: Crash Course US History #30: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y59wErqg4Xg
The Roads to World War I: Crash Course European History #32: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGlmlSTn-eM
World War I Battlefields: Crash Course European History #33: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIiDULrXaqQ
WWI's Civilians, the Homefront, and an Uneasy Peace: Crash Course European History #34: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPXNZkGYJHM
Post-World War I Recovery: Crash Course European History #36: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzWL2XPBHMk

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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In this episode of Crash Course, Hank introduces you to the complex history and terminology of Anatomy & Physiology.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
History of Anatomy 2:34
Physiology: How Parts Function 3:48
Complementarity of Structure & Function 4:09
Hierarchy of Organization 4:20
Directional Terms 7:27
Review 10:24
Credits 10:59

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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Abortion is complicated. In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll cover what happens during abortions, why people get them, and what people actually think about the topic.

Introduction: Abortion Is Complex 00:00
What Is Abortion? 0:28
Is Abortion Safe? 2:22
Who Gets Abortions? 2:49
Why Do People Get Abortions? 3:27
What Do People Think About Abortion? 6:12
Review & Credits 8:05

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharing

For more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4Wdsdkrgbk

Read more about these topics here:
Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/abortion
Cleveland Clinic - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21899-medical-abortion
Bedsider - https://www.bedsider.org/pregnancy_options/abortion

***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email
Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Duncan W Moore IV, Shruti S, Breanna Bosso, oranjeez, Kevin Knupp, Forrest Langseth, Ken Davidian, Spilmann Reed, Rie Ohta, Steve Segreto, Alan Bridgeman, Toni Miles, Krystle Young, UwU, Laurel Stevens, team dorsey, Matt Curls, Kristina D Knight, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Bernardo Garza, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Andrew Woods, Samantha, Jennifer Killen, Brandon Thomas, Stephen Akuffo, Leah H., Jon Allen, Jack Hart, Quinn Harden, Scott Harrison, Elizabeth LaBelle, Perry Joyce, Emily Beazley, Caleb Weeks, Constance Urist, Barrett Nuzum, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Alex Hackman, Katie Dean, Eric Koslow, ClareG, Ken Penttinen, Evol Hong, Stephen McCandless, Siobhán, Tandy Ratliff, Emily T, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Les Aker, John Lee, Rizwan Kassim, Nathan Taylor, Triad Terrace, Pietro Gagliardi, Ian Dundore, Jason Buster, Indija-ka Siriwardena
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Hank veers away from human anatomy to teach us about the (mostly) single-celled organisms that make up two of the three taxonomic domains of life, and one of the four kingdoms: Archaea, Bacteria, and Protists. They are by far the most abundant organisms on Earth and are our oldest, oddest relatives.

References:
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Protists.html
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/prokeuk.htm
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/03_00/gandg_quickswitch_3_24.shtml
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/protista.htm
:http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/basalprotists.html
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/testaceafilosea.html
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/slimemolds.html
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/alveolates.html
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/rhodophyta.html

Table of Contents
1) Archaea 03:23
a) Methanogens 04:02
b) Extremophiles 04:24

2) Bacteria 05:24:2
3) Gram Positive 06:50
a) Proteobacteria 07:15
b) Cyanobacteria 07:30
c) Spirochetes 07:42
d) Chlamydias 07:52

4) Protists 08:12
a) Protozoa 09:03
b) Algae 09:54
c) Slime Molds 11:13


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We take it for granted that society gets better at tackling infectious disease over time, but when you really think about it the progress we’ve made in the last century is pretty amazing. How does that much progress happen so quickly? That’s what we’ll set out to answer in this episode of Crash Course Outbreak Science as we look at the theory of epidemiological transition.

This episode of Crash Course Outbreak Science was produced by Complexly in partnership with Operation Outbreak and the Sabeti Lab at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard—with generous support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Sources:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/768249
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2690264/#:~:text=The%20classical%20model%20describes%20the,modernization%20in%20most%20western%20European
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805833/
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/updating-the-epidemiological-transition-model/D7933473050AC3A093C10DF34B779492
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/gha.v7.23574
https://www.who.int/whr/1999/en/whr99_ch2_en.pdf

***
Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Katie Dean, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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Consent seems as simple as “yes” or “no” — but is it? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll explore how affirmative consent reframed the conversation, why context matters, and the importance of checking in with your partner — and yourself!

Introduction: Just a Yes or No? 00:00
No Means No 0:30
Affirmative Consent 1:25
Sexual Scripts 4:22
Alcohol & Consent 5:54
Consent is Sexy 7:21
Review & Credits 8:33

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharing

For more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4Wdsdkrgbk

Read more about these topics here:
Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/relationships/sexual-consent
Bedsider - https://www.bedsider.org/sex-and-relationships/boundaries-and-consent

***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email
Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Shruti S, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Elizabeth LaBelle, Jack Hart, Leah H., UwU, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Krystle Young, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Duncan W Moore IV, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, team dorsey, Jennifer Killen, Matt Curls, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Barrett Nuzum, ClareG, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Triad Terrace, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Thomas Greinert, Emily T, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks
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