Curiosity Weekly

Beth Pratt, leader of the Save LA Cougars campaign, explains how wildlife crossings work and the unique engineering behind the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing. Plus: learn how doing one creative thing every day can boost your happiness.

Additional resources from Beth Pratt, California Regional Executive Director for the National Wildlife Federation and leader of the #SaveLACougars Campaign:

• The #SaveLACougars campaign and the Liberty Canyon wildlife crossing https://savelacougars.org/
• P-22 - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service). (2016). NPS.gov. https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/nature/p-22.htm
• The Secret Life of L.A.’s Wildlife in Pictures | Los Angeles Magazine — https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/cougar-town-the-secret-lives-of-l-a-s-mountain-lions/
• Beth Pratt’s website http://www.bethpratt.com/
• Follow @BethPratt on Twitter https://twitter.com/bethpratt

Do One Creative Thing Every Day to Increase Your Overall Happiness by Rachel Bertsche Levine

https://curiosity.com/topics/want-to-be-happier-do-one-creative-thing-a-day-curiosity

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/how-wildlife-crossings-work-w-beth-pratt-of-savelacougars-and-get-happy-by-doing-one-creative-thing-a-day

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Beth Pratt, leader of the Save LA Cougars campaign, tells the story of mountain lion P-22 and how he inspired a campaign to build the world’s largest wildlife crossing. Plus: learn about the health benefits of the helper’s high you get when you volunteer.

Ever Experienced A "Helper's High"? There's A Reason For That by Anna Todd

https://curiosity.com/topics/ever-experienced-a-helpers-high-theres-a-reason-for-that-curiosity

GiveDirectly: COVID-19 response https://www.givedirectly.org/covid-19/

Additional resources from Beth Pratt, California Regional Executive Director for the National Wildlife Federation and leader of the #SaveLACougars Campaign:

• The #SaveLACougars campaign and the Liberty Canyon wildlife crossing https://savelacougars.org/
• P-22 - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service). (2016). NPS.gov. https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/nature/p-22.htm
• The Secret Life of L.A.’s Wildlife in Pictures | Los Angeles Magazine — https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/cougar-town-the-secret-lives-of-l-a-s-mountain-lions/
• Beth Pratt’s website http://www.bethpratt.com/
• Follow @BethPratt on Twitter https://twitter.com/bethpratt

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/building-the-worlds-largest-wildlife-crossing-to-save-p-22-w-beth-pratt-of-savelacougars-and-the-health-benefits-of-the-helpers-high

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Learn about why things taste bad after you brush your teeth; a new discovery about how fast the Earth formed that may mean good things about life in the universe; and why women may experience more pain than men.

Why does toothpaste make food taste bad? by Andrea Michelson

• Schultz, C. (2014, October 13). The Science of Why Toothpaste Makes Food Taste Funny. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/science-why-toothpaste-makes-food-taste-funny-180953001/
• Carter, C. (2019). Why does toothpaste make everything taste horrible? BBC Science Focus Magazine. https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/why-does-toothpaste-make-everything-taste-horrible/
• Berthold, Emma. (2018, July 31). How do our tastebuds work? Australian Academy of Science. https://www.science.org.au/curious/people-medicine/how-do-our-tastebuds-work
• Munger, S. D. (2015, July 7). That neat and tidy map of tastes on the tongue you learned in school is all wrong. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/that-neat-and-tidy-map-of-tastes-on-the-tongue-you-learned-in-school-is-all-wrong-44217
• Biggart, A. (2019, March 30). The 3 Best SLS-Free Toothpastes. Bustle. https://www.bustle.com/p/the-3-best-sls-free-toothpastes-16977453

The Earth formed much faster than previously thought by Kelsey Donk

• The Earth formed much faster than previously thought. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/uoct-tef022020.php
• Schiller, M., Bizzarro, M., & Siebert, J. (2020). Iron isotope evidence for very rapid accretion and differentiation of the proto-Earth. Science Advances, 6(7), eaay7604. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay7604

Scientists have identified a hormone that makes women experience more pain than men by Andrea Michelson

• UArizona study identifies hormone that causes women to experience more pain than men. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/uoah-usi030420.php
• Chen, Y., Moutal, A., Navratilova, E., Kopruszinski, C., Yue, X., Ikegami, M., Chow, M., Kanazawa, I., Bellampalli, S. S., Xie, J., Patwardhan, A., Rice, K., Fields, H., Akopian, A., Neugebauer, V., Dodick, D., Khanna, R., & Porreca, F. (2020). The prolactin receptor long isoform regulates nociceptor sensitization and opioid-induced hyperalgesia selectively in females. Science Translational Medicine, 12(529), eaay7550. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7550

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/why-women-feel-more-pain-than-men-why-toothpaste-makes-food-taste-bad-and-earth-formed-way-faster-than-we-thought

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Learn about the shocking prevalence of torture scenes in movies; why durian, the world’s smelliest fruit, smells so bad; and where mold comes from.

Torture is prevalent and effective in movies (but not in real life) by Kelsey Donk

• Torture Prevalent, Effective in Popular Movies, Study Finds – University of Alabama News | The University of Alabama. (2020). Ua.Edu. https://www.ua.edu/news/2020/01/torture-prevalent-effective-in-popular-movies-study-finds/
• Delehanty, C., & Kearns, E. (2019). Wait, There’s Torture in Zootopia?: Examining the Prevalence of Torture in Popular Movies. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3342908

Scientists discovered why durian is the world's smelliest fruit by Kelsey Donk

• A Love Letter to a Smelly Fruit. (2013, December 3). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/08/travel/a-love-letter-to-a-smelly-fruit.html
• Discovering what makes durian stink. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/lfla-dwm022820.php
• Identification of an Important Odorant Precursor in Durian: First Evidence of Ethionine in Plants. (2019). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07065
• Maninang, J. S., Lizada, M. C. C., & Gemma, H. (2009). Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme by Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) fruit extract. Food Chemistry, 117(2), 352–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.106
• Ethanethiol - American Chemical Society. (2020). American Chemical Society. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/molecule-of-the-week/archive/e/ethanethiol.html

Where does mold come from? by Ashley Hamer (Listener question from Tim)

• USDA FSIS. (2013). Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous? https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/a87cdc2c-6ddd-49f0-bd1f-393086742e68/Molds_on_Food.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
• Stradley, L. (2016, April 5). Food Molds – Are Molds Dangerous. What’s Cooking America. https://whatscookingamerica.net/Q-A/Mold.htm
• Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. (2019). BAM Chapter 18. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-yeasts-molds-and-mycotoxins

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/where-does-mold-come-from-plus-torture-scenes-in-movies-vs-real-life-and-why-the-worlds-smelliest-fruit-smells-so-bad

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Learn about how your lover’s clothing could improve your sleep; how astronauts grew vegetables in space for the first time; and ancient animals that were connected by a crude version of the internet.

Smelling your lover’s shirt could improve your sleep by Kelsey Donk

• 3 Reasons to Give Your Valentine a Smelly, Unwashed T-Shirt. (2020). Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/202002/3-reasons-give-your-valentine-smelly-unwashed-t-shirt
• Smelling your lover’s shirt could improve your sleep. (2020, February 13). UBC News. https://news.ubc.ca/2020/02/13/smelling-your-lovers-shirt-could-improve-your-sleep/
• Reed, D. L., & Sacco, W. P. (2016). Measuring Sleep Efficiency: What Should the Denominator Be? Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 12(2), 263–266. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5498

We grew lettuce in space! by Grant Currin

• Space lettuce. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/f-sl022720.php
• Khodadad, C. L. M., Hummerick, M. E., Spencer, L. E., Dixit, A. R., Richards, J. T., Romeyn, M. W., Smith, T. M., Wheeler, R. M., & Massa, G. D. (2020). Microbiological and Nutritional Analysis of Lettuce Crops Grown on the International Space Station. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00199
• What do astronauts eat in space? (2019, April 28). Royal Museums Greenwich. https://www.rmg.co.uk/discover/explore/space-stargazing/space-exploration/what-do-astronauts-eat-in-space

Half-billion-year-old fern-like animals acted like an ancient internet by Cameron Duke

• Half billion-year-old “social network” observed in early animals. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/uoc-hb030320.php
• Quaglia, S. (2020, March 5). Half-billion-year-old, fern-like animals may be the first social network. Inverse; Inverse. https://www.inverse.com/science/ancient-fern-animals-may-be-first-social-network
• Liu, A. G., & Dunn, F. S. (2020). Filamentous Connections between Ediacaran Fronds. Current Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.052
• Taylor, J. W., Hann-Soden, C., Branco, S., Sylvain, I., & Ellison, C. E. (2015). Clonal reproduction in fungi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(29), 8901–8908. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503159112

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/astronauts-grew-lettuce-in-space-why-smelling-a-dirty-shirt-can-help-you-sleep-and-early-animals-that-acted-like-an-ancient-internet

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Learn about why hundreds of ducks are employees at a wine vineyard; a musical invention that was the Spotify of the Victorian era; and a delicious mathematical principle known as the ham sandwich theorem.

Hundreds of Ducks Are Employees at a Vineyard by Joanie Faletto
https://curiosity.com/topics/hundreds-of-ducks-are-employees-at-a-vineyard-curiosity

The Telharmonium was the Victorian version of Spotify by Steffie Drucker

• McClure’s magazine v.27 1906 May-Oct. (2017). HathiTrust. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027895930&view=1up&seq=297
• Morton, E. (2015, November 24). The Telharmonium Was the Spotify of 1906. Atlas Obscura; Atlas Obscura. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-telharmonium-was-the-spotify-of-1906
• Stubbs, D. (2018, November 16). The World’s First Synthesizer Was a 200-Ton Behemoth. Smithsonian Magazine; Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/worlds-first-synthesizer-was-200-ton-behemoth-180970828/
• Weidenaar, R. (1995). Magic Music from the Telharmonium. Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr2kq-598-YC&lpg=PP1&dq=telharmonium&pg=PA71#v=snippet&q=helmholtz&f=false
• Davidson, R. (2014). 9XM Talking: The Early History of WHA Radio. Wisconsin Public Radio. http://www.portalwisconsin.org/archives/9xm.cfm#:~:text=

The Ham Sandwich Theorem Is a Delicious and Puzzling Mathematical Principle by Ashley Hamer 
https://curiosity.com/topics/the-ham-sandwich-theorem-is-a-delicious-and-puzzling-mathematical-principle-curiosity

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/ducks-are-employees-at-a-vineyard-the-victorian-version-of-spotify-and-a-mathematical-theorem-for-cutting-a-ham-sandwich

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Learn about the invisible harms of thirdhand smoke; massive viruses that blur the line between the living and non-living; and why whales get lost during solar storms.

Moviegoers contaminate nonsmoking movie theater with 'thirdhand' cigarette smoke by Kelsey Donk

• Moviegoers contaminate nonsmoking movie theater with “thirdhand” cigarette smoke. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/aaft-mcn030220.php
• Thirdhand smoke wafting off moviegoers hurts air quality in theaters. (2020, March 5). Science News. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/thirdhand-smoke-fumes-air-quality-movie-theaters
• Sheu, R., Stönner, C., Ditto, J. C., Klüpfel, T., Williams, J., & Gentner, D. R. (2020). Human transport of thirdhand tobacco smoke: A prominent source of hazardous air pollutants into indoor nonsmoking environments. Science Advances, 6(10), eaay4109. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4109

Massive viruses that blur the line between living and non-living by Cameron Duke

• Al-Shayeb, B., Sachdeva, R., Chen, L.-X., Ward, F., Munk, P., Devoto, A., Castelle, C. J., Olm, M. R., Bouma-Gregson, K., Amano, Y., He, C., Méheust, R., Brooks, B., Thomas, A., Lavy, A., Matheus-Carnevali, P., Sun, C., Goltsman, D. S. A., Borton, M. A., … Banfield, J. F. (2020). Clades of huge phages from across Earth’s ecosystems. Nature, 578(7795), 425–431. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2007-4
• Huge bacteria-eating viruses close gap between life and non-life: Large bacteriophages carry bacterial genes, including CRISPR and ribosomal proteins. (2020, February 12). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200212131458.htm

Solar storms blind whales because they mess with magnetoreception by Cameron Duke

• Solar storms may leave gray whales “blind” and stranded. (2020). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200224111356.htm
• Granger, J., Walkowicz, L., Fitak, R., & Johnsen, S. (2020). Gray whales strand more often on days with increased levels of atmospheric radio-frequency noise. Current Biology, 30(4), R155–R156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.028
• Johnsen, S., & Lohmann, K. J. (2008). Magnetoreception in animals. Physics Today, 61(3), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897947

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/the-invisible-harm-of-thirdhand-smoke-why-whales-get-lost-during-solar-storms-and-a-massive-virus-that-blurs-the-line-between-life-and-non-life

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Learn about how your romantic attachment style affects your finances; the surprising reason why some amphibians glow; and why laughter might really be the best medicine.

How Your Romantic Style Affects Your Finances by Kelsey Donk

• How your romantic attachment style affects your finances, well-being. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/uoa-hyr022520.php
• Li, X., Curran, M. A., LeBaron, A. B., Serido, J., & Shim, S. (2020). Romantic Attachment Orientations, Financial Behaviors, and Life Outcomes Among Young Adults: A Mediating Analysis of a College Cohort. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09664-1
• Dung Minh Mao, Danes, S. M., Serido, J., & Soyeon Shim. (2017). Financial Influences Impacting Young Adults’ Relationship Satisfaction: Personal Management Quality, Perceived Partner Behavior, and Perceived Financial Mutuality. New Prairie Press. https://newprairiepress.org/jft/vol8/iss2/3/

Why Some Amphibians Glow by Cameron Duke

• Glowing frogs and salamanders may be surprisingly common. (2020, February 27). Science News. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/glowing-frogs-salamanders-may-be-surprisingly-common
• Lamb, J. Y., & Davis, M. P. (2020). Salamanders and other amphibians are aglow with biofluorescence. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59528-9
• First fluorescent frogs might see each others’ glow | Science News. (2017, April 3). Science News. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/first-fluorescent-frogs-might-see-each-others-glow

Laughter Might Really Be The Best Medicine by Ashley Hamer

• Laughter Might Really Be The Best Medicine. (2014). Curiosity.com. https://curiosity.com/topics/how-does-laughter-work
• Social laughter is correlated with an elevated pain threshold | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. (2011). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1373
• Humor, laughter, learning, and health! A brief review | Advances in Physiology Education. (2010). Advances in Physiology Education. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.00030.2017
• Effect and Path Analysis of Laughter Therapy on Serotonin, Depression and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Women. (2015). Koreamed.Org. https://synapse.koreamed.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.221&vmode=PUBREADER
• Heart and Vascular Team. (2016, August 15). 3 Ways That Laughter Can Give You a Healthier Heart. Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic; Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/3-ways-laughter-can-give-healthier-heart-2/

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/laughter-might-be-the-best-medicine-how-your-romantic-style-affects-your-finances-and-why-some-amphibians-glow

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Dr. Julia Schaletzky explains what it takes to develop vaccines for viruses like COVID-19. Dr. Schaletzky is the Executive Director of the Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases, the Drug Discovery Center, and the Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Institute at UC Berkeley.

In this special coronavirus coverage from Curiosity Daily, Dr. Schaletzky discusses:

• What science needs to be done in order to make a new vaccine a reality?
• Why can’t we grow a live virus vaccine for COVID-19?
• What are the challenges associated with animal testing?
• How long does it take to complete clinical trials and why are they so important?
• What are the differences between ebola vaccine development and coronavirus vaccine development?
• Why do we update vaccines for the seasonal flu, and will we have to update a COVID-19 vaccine after it’s been developed?
• What zoonotic viruses have we identified besides COVID-19 and how can we protect humans from them in the future?
• What is it about a bat’s immune system that increases risk of virus transmission to humans?
• How long should it take to create a vaccine, and will it happen before we’ve developed herd immunity?
• What’s the difference between a live virus vaccine, a recombinant vaccine, and an mRNA vaccine, and which might be most effective against coronavirus?
• How long does it take to be sure a vaccine is safe for humans?
• Why can’t everyone in the US get a serological test to see if they’ve already had COVID-19?
• What can the coronavirus pandemic teach us about policies and funding that impacts scientific research in the future?

Additional resources from Dr. Julia Schaletzky, Executive Director of the Henry Wheeler Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases at University of California, Berkeley:

• Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases (CEND) http://cend.globalhealth.berkeley.edu/
• CEND COVID-19 Outbreak Watch http://cend.globalhealth.berkeley.edu/coronavirus-outbreak-watch/
• Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Institute (IVRI) https://ivri.berkeley.edu/
• Department of Molecular & Cell Biology (MCB) faculty bio for Julia Schaletzky, PhD https://haas.berkeley.edu/biology-business/academics/faculty/
• Follow @CENDUCBerkeley on Twitter https://twitter.com/CENDUCBerkeley
• Follow
• Dr. Schaletzky’s CEND profile http://cend.globalhealth.berkeley.edu/julia-schaletzky-phd/

Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/coronavirus-vaccine-development-scientific-challenges-and-timelines-with-dr-julia-schaletzky-covid-19-bonus-episode

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Dr. Julia Schaletzky explains why the U.S. is having a hard time testing everyone for the coronavirus. Plus: learn about how ketamine can help with depression and anxiety; and how an anonymous Anime fan on 4chan helped solve a 25-year-old math puzzle.

Additional resources from Dr. Julia Schaletzky, Executive Director of the Henry Wheeler Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases at University of California, Berkeley:

• Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases (CEND) http://cend.globalhealth.berkeley.edu/
• CEND COVID-19 Outbreak Watch http://cend.globalhealth.berkeley.edu/coronavirus-outbreak-watch/
• Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Institute (IVRI) https://ivri.berkeley.edu/
• Department of Molecular & Cell Biology (MCB) faculty bio for Julia Schaletzky, PhD https://haas.berkeley.edu/biology-business/academics/faculty/
• Follow @CENDUCBerkeley on Twitter https://twitter.com/CENDUCBerkeley
• Follow
• Dr. Schaletzky’s CEND profile http://cend.globalhealth.berkeley.edu/julia-schaletzky-phd/

How can ketamine treat anxiety? by Ashley Hamer (Listener question from Brock in Utah)

• Chen, J. (2019, March 21). How New Ketamine Drug Helps with Depression. Yale Medicine; YaleMedicine.org. https://www.yalemedicine.org/stories/ketamine-depression/
• Meisner, R. C. (2019, May 22). Ketamine for major depression: New tool, new questions - Harvard Health Blog. Harvard Health Blog. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/ketamine-for-major-depression-new-tool-new-questions-2019052216673
• U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration (2017). Ketamine. In Drugs of Abuse: A DEA Resource Guide. (pp. 68.) https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/sites/getsmartaboutdrugs.com/files/publications/DoA_2017Ed_Updated_6.16.17.pdf#page=68
• Gao, M., Rejaei, D., & Liu, H. (2016). Ketamine use in current clinical practice. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 37(7), 865–872. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2016.5
• Ketamine vs. Esketamine for Depression. (2019). Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/two-takes-depression/201904/ketamine-vs-esketamine-depression
• Office of the Commissioner. (2019). Understanding Unapproved Use of Approved Drugs “Off Label.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/patients/learn-about-expanded-access-and-other-treatment-options/understanding-unapproved-use-approved-drugs-label
• Makin, S. (2019, April 12). Behind the Buzz: How Ketamine Changes the Depressed Patient’s Brain. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/behind-the-buzz-how-ketamine-changes-the-depressed-patients-brain/

An anonymous 4chan post helped solve a 25-year-old math puzzle by Grant Currin

• Sci-Fi Writer Greg Egan and Anonymous Math Whiz Advance Permutation Problem | Quanta Magazine. (2018). Quanta Magazine. https://www.quantamagazine.org/sci-fi-writer-greg-egan-and-anonymous-math-whiz-advance-permutation-problem-20181105/
• Superpermutations — Greg Egan. (2018). Gregegan.Net. http://www.gregegan.net/SCIENCE/Superpermutations/Superpermutations.html
• Anonymous 4chan Poster, Houston, R., Pantone, J., Vatter, V. (2018). A lower bound on the length of the shortest superpattern. Posted online. https://oeis.org/A180632/a180632.pdf

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