In this episode of the Disaster Podcast, the team brings in professionals from across several hospital systems to look at how they prepare for incoming mass casualty patients. We talk about the kinds of drills the systems run, and also look at the various departments and how they respond in each type of situation.

On the show are Dr. Joe Holley from Paragon Medical Education Group as well as working as a EMS medical director in Memphis, Tennessee. Joining us as well is Dr. Brian Froelke, one of the founders of IDMC (Interstate Disaster Medical Collaborative) and an ER doctor based in Missouri. We also are lucky to be joined by Rebecca Dougherty, LCSW, C-MHIMP, a mental health professional working specifically with medical professionals in the disaster response setting. She now works in private practice in St. Louis, Missouri.

Minneapolis School/Church Mass Shooting

Orlando Hospital Response to Pulse Night Club Shooting (Disaster Podcast Episode)

Disaster Podcast Episode on Joplin, Missouri Tornado Response

The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis and our disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin, joined in.

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Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

Sam discussed a recent shooting incident in Minneapolis that resulted in 22 gunshot victims, including two children killed and 18 others injured, with 15 being children. The emergency response was efficient, with ambulances reaching the scene within minutes and all injured individuals requiring hospital attention being transported within 25 minutes.

Sam inquired about the hospital alerting system, which used the Zip it emergency messaging system to provide clear information about the injuries and estimated time of arrival. Brian, an EMS physician from St. Louis, was invited to share his expertise on emergency response systems and disaster medical response.

Brian discussed the frequency of shootings at their level one trauma center in St. Louis, noting that it’s due to selection bias from the greater area. He explained their early management of penetrating trauma and the use of whole blood products, which have been successful in saving patients.

Brian also described their communication system with EMS providers through Javari, which uses a half-bed resource system for emergencies. Sam and Joe discussed other communication tools like Pulsara and Tennessee’s in-house system, with Joe mentioning its effectiveness for state-wide emergency responses.

Joe described Baptist Hospital in Memphis as a level 2 trauma center that coordinates with a downtown level 1 trauma center and pediatric facility. He explained that Memphis experiences significant gun violence but fewer active shooter incidents compared to other cities.

Joe detailed their multi-level response system, which initially relies on the trauma team and ED staff before expanding to other hospital departments and external resources as needed, while also coordinating with EMS to direct patients to appropriate care facilities based on injury severity. Brian confirmed that their area’s trauma response system operates similarly, with both adult and pediatric centers prepared to handle various age groups and emotional support needs through chaplains and social workers.

The discussion focused on hospital preparedness and response to multiple casualty incidents. Brian and Joe explained that hospitals have internal response policies and conduct disaster preparedness exercises at least twice a year. They described how hospitals manage surges in patient volume by activating different teams and utilizing flexible spaces like hall beds. The conversation also touched on the importance of managing limited resources, such as emergency stabilization rooms and blood supplies, during overflow situations.

The group discussed mass casualty incidents and hospital preparedness, with Joe and Jamie sharing insights from their experiences. They noted that hospitals near the scene often become overwhelmed as people with minor injuries arrive first, followed by more critically injured patients.

Jamie mentioned a previous episode about the Pulse nightclub shooting in Florida, where a nearby hospital was quickly overwhelmed by walk-in patients. The discussion highlighted the challenges hospitals face in preparing for such incidents and the importance of being ready for a second wave of more severely injured patients.

The group discussed the impact of pediatric trauma events on emergency medical services, with Brian noting that while only about 10% of patients are pediatric, they have a disproportionate effect on providers due to factors like drug dose calculations. Rebecca shared her experience as a mental health specialist in disaster response, highlighting her work with first responders and the importance of delayed emotional responses to traumatic events.

Jamie raised questions about managing stress in non-medical hospital staff during major incidents, to which Rebecca responded about the challenges faced by registration staff and administrative personnel who deal with families’ emotional needs.

Rebecca shared her experience with the Joplin tornado in 2011, emphasizing the need for early intervention to help people process traumatic events. Brian discussed his role as the chief medical officer for the disaster response system and his involvement with the Interstate Disaster Medical Collaborative (IDMC) to coordinate resources.

Sam mentioned a creative approach used by a psychologist to identify and describe children in the aftermath of the tornado. The group highlighted the importance of supporting both trained and untrained personnel in disaster response, with a focus on the critical first 24 hours after an incident.

The discussion focused on the impact of traumatic events on volunteers and community members, particularly in religious and school organizations. Brian highlighted how volunteers, despite their critical role, may not be adequately prepared for mass casualty events and can suffer emotional and health consequences.

Rebecca elaborated on the need for targeted support programs, emphasizing the importance of addressing different groups such as first responders, schools, and faith-based communities with tailored approaches. She also described how schools and archdioceses often have existing protocols for such events, though they may lack trained counselors and other resources.

The group discussed the challenges faced by emergency responders and storm chasers in the aftermath of disasters, highlighting the mental health impact on those involved. Joe emphasized the ripple effect of incidents on families, coworkers, and media personnel, while Becky noted the recent efforts to provide mental health support for weather scientists conducting damage surveys.

Sam and Becky shared insights on the overwhelming nature of initial responses and the need for preparation and support, with Jamie concluding that the discussion provided valuable insights into community readiness and long-term recovery efforts.

The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Julie Roberts from JK Roberts, LLC drops by the podcast this week to address business disaster continuity plans. Julie led communications efforts at both the Federal and State levels including NOAA.

Julie discusses the importance of building a disaster plan for businesses of all sizes. These plans include creating contingencies around suppliers and employees to ensure operations can resume at the time when it is safe to return to work.

PSEMA (Private Sector Emergency Management Agency)

Also on the show were Dr. Joe Holley who brought up a news item about the termination of National EMS Advisory Council members at the federal level which could have long lasting effects on training and education of providers nationwide.

The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis.

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Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

The meeting began with introductions, including Dr. Joe Holly, who works with FEMA’s search and rescue team in Tennessee. Julie discussed a new initiative to distribute NOAA weather radios to camps across the country, inspired by recent flooding events where early warnings could have made a difference.

The group agreed on the importance of NOAA weather radios as a reliable alert system, especially during power outages or when mobile phones are not functional. Jamie and Sam prepared to record a podcast episode, with Jamie handling the technical aspects and Sam introducing the guest.

Julie K. Roberts, a disaster management expert with over 20 years of experience in both public and private sectors, discussed her background, including her work at FEMA, NOAA, and Florida Emergency Management.

She highlighted her role in building relationships between government and private sectors, particularly during the Pulse Nightclub shooting in Orlando, where she coordinated with companies like JetBlue and Uber to provide support. The conversation touched on disaster preparedness and the importance of collaboration between public and private sectors in managing emergencies.

Julie discussed her work with private sector partnerships during disasters, highlighting a successful collaboration with Airbnb and Jump Blue that provided 2,501 flight tickets and housing for victims’ families in Orlando and Las Vegas.

She explained that this experience led her to create the Private Sector Emergency Management Association four years ago to facilitate private sector involvement in disaster response and recovery. The organization focuses on helping businesses of all sizes develop continuity plans and access resources, with recent activations during hurricanes, wildfires, and other emergencies.

Julie and Joe discussed the increasing role of the private sector in hurricane response and recovery, particularly in light of upcoming changes from FEMA and potential funding cuts to essential services. Sam shared his experience with a nonprofit that helps coordinate disaster response between states, highlighting a recent shift back to state-level focus due to changing government policies.

Both Julie and Sam agreed that the first 72 hours of disaster response relies heavily on local and individual efforts, as government resources may not be as readily available as in the past.

Julie discussed the importance of business continuity planning for both large and small businesses, emphasizing the need to prepare for various hazards and have strategies in place for unexpected closures. She explained that small businesses should focus on essential information like employee contact details, vendor relationships, and insurance procedures, while also considering backup resources and recovery plans.

Jamie highlighted the need for small business owners to think through potential disruptions and have contingency plans in place, suggesting that these plans should be tailored to the specific needs and resources of each business.

Julie discussed the challenges small businesses face in accessing potable water after disasters, using Asheville, North Carolina, as an example. She suggested exploring solutions to ensure businesses can reopen quickly, such as splitting costs between government and businesses. Joe highlighted the issue of hospitals being reliant on a single water vendor, which can lead to service disruptions. Jamie shared Waffle House’s preparedness strategy as an example of effective planning for adversity. The group agreed on the importance of supporting small businesses and having contingency plans in place for emergencies.

Julie discussed the importance of flexible planning and clear communication in shaping disaster outcomes, highlighting how social media and the 24-hour news cycle have changed crisis management. She emphasized the need for immediate response and the authority to post information quickly, warning against the delay caused by excessive approval processes. Jamie agreed with Julie’s proactive approach, encouraging companies to be prepared for rapid communication in crises.

Julie emphasized the importance of proactive communication, particularly for companies and governments facing crises, noting that delays in responding to negative stories can harm brands and credibility. She highlighted the value of leveraging the private sector to speak on behalf of governments and the need for timely, credible information dissemination.

Sam agreed, stressing the demand for reliable information sources. Joe introduced a news item about the Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency Medical Services (FICEMS), which has been working for over a decade to coordinate and provide direction on emergency medical services at the federal level.

The meeting discussed recent staff reductions at a government group, with Julie highlighting a new initiative by Pacima to provide NOAA weather radios to camps across the country in response to recent events in Texas. Julie shared her contact information and website details, while Joe clarified that the National EMS Advisory Council had been eliminated, not FICUMS, and provided Paragon’s contact information.

Jamie and Sam discussed the importance of these resources and mentioned their own social media presence. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Dan Zehner from the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) drops in the podcast to report on the recent documentary output from the research group. The links below contain a lot of information on how the NHERI research grants have turned into actionable infrastructure and building code improvement suggestions.

Dan and co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis also talk about data collection about wild fire affects on infrastructure and buildings. By analyzing the survival of buildings built under different code requirements and from differing materials, NHERI can suggest improvements that would improve survival and lessen the impact of disastrous fires.

Links and Resources Dan Discussed

NHERI RESEARCH IMPACT SHOWCASED

FUNDING MESSAGE FROM THE NHERI COUNCIL, JULY 2025

CALIFORNIA FLOODING FROM THE ARKSTORM

Technology Transfer from NHERI

NHERI Impact 2020

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Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

Jamie, Sam, and Dan discussed recent weather events, including thunderstorms and wildfires. Sam mentioned coordinating efforts with 18 states to address the impact of nonprofits assuming roles previously held by the federal government. Dan shared that the northwest has been experiencing hot weather but is now getting some rain, which is helping to control wildfires. The group briefly touched on Hurricane Erin, but no specific information was provided.

The meeting discussed the status and future of the National Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI), which received a no-cost extension from the National Science Foundation to continue operations through September 2026. Dan explained that while there are some uncertainties due to the current political environment, NHERI’s core facilities, tools, and data services will remain available for researchers.

The discussion also touched on recent and ongoing natural disasters, including wildfires and floods, which NHERI continues to support through testing and research efforts.

The group discussed fear and anxiety in medical and emergency situations, with Jessica emphasizing the importance of addressing personal fears and biases to provide better care. Jamie shared advice about trusting parents’ instincts regarding their children’s health, particularly for those with preexisting conditions. The conversation concluded with Jessica encouraging self-compassion and acceptance of imperfection in emergency response work.

The group discussed wildfire research, focusing on the National Science Foundation’s work in the wildland-urban interface, particularly through the Rapid Assessment, Planning, and Response (RAPID) system. Dan explained how RAPID uses advanced tools like fixed-wing drones and lidar to collect high-fidelity data on fire damage before cleanup, which is crucial for understanding infrastructure performance and updating building codes.

Jamie emphasized the importance of science-based infrastructure adjustments, while Sam highlighted the critical role of research in preventing future wildfires, noting that many people are unaware of the work being done in this area.

Dan and Sam discussed the challenges of insurance availability and affordability in high-risk areas, particularly due to the high costs of insurance premiums. Dan explained that the insurance industry relies on actuarial models and historical data to assess risk, but noted that there is no universally accepted standard for wildfire-resistant construction.

They mentioned organizations like the Insurance Institute for Building and Home Safety (IBHS) and the Fire Safety Research Institute (FSRI) that focus on property insurance and loss prevention, but emphasized the need for more scientifically backed methods to ensure communities can be insured based on evidence rather than intuition.

The discussion focused on two main topics: wind research facilities and flooding studies. Dan described the University of Florida’s boundary layer wind tunnel and Florida International University’s “Wall of Wind” facility, which can simulate Category 5-level winds with wind-driven rain and variable ground conditions.

The conversation then shifted to flooding research, highlighting a 2023 study that created a publicly available dataset of California’s atmospheric river flooding simulations, which has been useful for FEMA, water resources departments, and emergency services. The discussion concluded with an observation about how dry ground conditions can exacerbate flooding issues, particularly in areas with limited infrastructure to manage water runoff.

The meeting focused on discussing resources and information available through Design Safe and the National Science Foundation. Dan provided an overview of their funding process and highlighted various platforms and resources, including their podcast, Slack channel, and community calendar.

Jamie and Sam discussed the importance of these resources and mentioned their own social media presence. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Midwife and Paramedic Jessica Arno, the Combat Midwife, returns this week to talk focus on pediatric emergencies in the disaster environment. She and the Disaster Podcast team talk about unique challenges facing responders who encounter sick and injured kids.

Jessica stresses the importance of understanding age-appropriate behaviors and presentation. We discuss why it’s necessary to trust the parents’ instincts about their kids. They often realize a problem is present before others would notice a change in the child.

Also on the show this week are disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin, disaster meteorologist, Dan DePodwin, and Dr. Joe Holley, as well as co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis.

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Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

Jamie introduced the main guest, Jessica Arno, the combat midwife, who was returning for a second episode to discuss more pediatric topics. The group discussed recent weather conditions, including flooding in the Northeast and Midwest, and Joe shared his busy schedule involving alerts for weather events.

The conversation then shifted to the upcoming podcast segment featuring Jessica, who was introduced to the audience as a midwife, paramedic, and expert in pediatric care.

The meeting focused on the unique challenges of providing medical care to children in emergency and disaster situations, emphasizing that children are not simply “tiny adults.” Jessica, a paramedic and midwife, explained the importance of understanding children’s physiological differences, such as their limited blood volume and distinct airway anatomy, which can lead to rapid decompensation.

Jamie highlighted the need for quick decision-making in pediatric emergencies, especially in austere environments where resources may be limited. The discussion also touched on the broader issue of women’s health research, noting that it often falls short due to gaps in scientific focus.

The group discussed fear and anxiety in medical and emergency situations, with Jessica emphasizing the importance of addressing personal fears and biases to provide better care. Jamie shared advice about trusting parents’ instincts regarding their children’s health, particularly for those with preexisting conditions. The conversation concluded with Jessica encouraging self-compassion and acceptance of imperfection in emergency response work.

The group discussed the importance of trusting parents’ instincts and expertise, particularly in medical situations involving their children. Jessica emphasized the need to trust parents’ observations and to act on instincts, even if the reasons aren’t immediately clear. Becky shared her experience of trusting her intuition about her child’s health, highlighting the value of parental insight. The discussion underscored the importance of balancing emotional and professional judgment in medical care, with a consensus that erring on the side of safety is crucial.

The group discussed pediatric medical care, particularly in disaster situations, emphasizing the need for age-appropriate assessment and treatment. Jessica highlighted the importance of vital signs, bleeding control, and understanding the unique challenges of treating children, including the use of appropriate tourniquets and recognizing internal bleeding.

Dan shared his perspective as a parent, emphasizing the value of trusted care in complex situations. The discussion also touched on the potential lack of parental presence in disaster scenarios and the need for practitioners to be prepared to triage and treat children without parental input.

The group discussed emotional preparedness, particularly focusing on how to handle children in chaotic situations. Jessica emphasized the importance of honesty with children, sharing an example of a Coast Guard rescue during recent flooding in Texas where the responder maintained calm by being transparent about the situation’s uncertainties. The discussion highlighted the value of relying on training in crisis situations, even when facing unfamiliar challenges.

The discussion focused on the emotional and psychological challenges faced by children in disaster situations, particularly how their brains process trauma and the role of emotional regulation in parenting. Becky and Sam discussed how children’s reactions to stress are influenced by their parents’ emotional responses, noting that calm parental reactions can help children regulate their own emotions.

They also touched on the importance of emotional intelligence in caregivers and how children learn from their parents’ reactions to situations, particularly in medical contexts.

Jessica shared her experience of being calm in chaotic situations, which was noted as a strength by her colleagues. She discussed the importance of having pediatric medications in austere kits, including basic items like Tylenol and ibuprofen, as well as herbal and homeopathic remedies. She also described a real-life situation where she provided neonatal care in a disaster zone, emphasizing the need for evaluating underlying issues in such complex medical situations.

The meeting focused on a discussion about pediatric and clinical healthcare, featuring Combat as the main expert. Combat shared insights on differential diagnosis and women’s/children’s health, emphasizing the importance of hands-on practice and continuous learning. The participants agreed that while they may not be experts in pediatrics, they should strive to learn and build confidence in handling pediatric cases. Joe mentioned upcoming military training activities, and the group discussed how listeners can connect with various speakers through social media platforms and the disaster Podcast community.

The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group.

Jessica, the Combat Midwife, shared her expertise and offered a discount code for her training materials. Use code DISASTER for a discount on her page. The participants agreed to have Jessica return for a follow-up episode the next Thursday.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

This week features a discussion of maternity and pediatric care in disaster situations with Jessica Arno, the Combat Midwife. Jessica is a midwite, paramedic, and battlefield-born educator who’s trained over 100,000 combat medics, Special Warfare medics, and EMS professionals in OB/GYN and pediatric emergencies. From Afghan refugee camps to rural fire stations, she equips medics and civilians with the skills to handle birth, bleeding, and babies-when help isn’t coming.

Also on the show this week are disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin, as well as co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis.

Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary

Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

Jessica Arno, a paramedic and midwife, discussed her experience training combat medics and civilians in obstetrics and gynecology emergencies, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive training in areas often overlooked due to their perceived unsexiness. She highlighted the need for more in-depth training in these areas, citing her work in academia where she was able to expand the curriculum beyond the traditional few hours allocated to OB-GYN.

Jamie, a nurse, shared his experience with OB-GYN training, noting the contrast between his nursing education and his limited exposure to the subject as a medic. Both agreed on the importance of building confidence in handling rare or uncomfortable medical situations.

Jessica and the group discussed the impact of weather and disasters on childbirth and women’s health. The team explored how changes in barometric pressure and temperature can trigger labor, and highlighted the risks of infections and complications in post-disaster scenarios.

Jessica emphasized the need for medical professionals to receive specialized training in handling obstetric and pediatric emergencies in disaster situations, including understanding normal versus sick baby presentations and different age-related responses.

Jessica and Sam discussed the use of the APGAR score in assessing newborns and its relevance in emergency situations. Jessica explained that while APGAR is typically used post-delivery, it can be useful for assessing older infants as well, focusing on reflexes and normal responses.

The team also explored how understanding a patient’s menstrual cycle can provide insights into their pain perception and overall health, particularly for female patients. Jessica emphasized the importance of considering hormonal changes and their impact on various bodily functions, especially for post-menopausal women, and highlighted the need for healthcare providers to listen attentively to all patients’ concerns.

Jessica shared her experience creating an emergency birth kit for soldiers on humanitarian missions, which includes essential items like chucks, organic pads, a blanket for the baby, herbal medications for postpartum hemorrhage, and a Delee suction for suctioning mucus from newborns. She emphasized the use of herbal compounds over Pitocin for managing post-delivery bleeding, highlighting their gentler effect and faster action.

Jessica also discussed the inclusion of an ink set and birth certificate to document the baby’s parentage in case of grid-down scenarios, and she noted that the kit’s contents are listed on her website at CombatMidwife.com.

Jessica shared her unexpected experience working in a refugee camp, where she encountered a severe herpes outbreak among patients due to limited resources and poor living conditions. She emphasized the importance of being cautious about infections in disaster zones, including proper patient inspection and cleaning procedures to prevent the spread of diseases among both patients and caregivers.

Sam expressed interest in further discussions about pediatric care and childbirth, and Becky highlighted the need for more research and open discussions on women’s health, particularly regarding the lack of studies on pregnant women.

The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Jessica, the Combat Midwife, shared her expertise and offered a discount code for her training materials. Use code DISASTER for a discount on her page. The participants agreed to have Jessica return for a follow-up episode the next Thursday.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Disaster meteorologist, Dan DePodwin, joins the show this week to discuss the severe weather patterns that have led to dangerous flash flooding all across the country so far in July. The team discusses how this weather affects millions of Americans this summer.

Disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin shares her thoughts on messaging to protect public safety in the face of these disasters. The whole team discusses how mitigation starts before the disaster strikes. Preparedness is the best protection from sudden disasters that strike with little warning.

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Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

The team discussed recent flooding events across the United States, with a focus on Texas, where Dan provided insights from AccuWeather about the factors contributing to the flooding. They also touched on a 7.3 earthquake in Alaska that triggered tsunami warnings, though the rural location minimized potential damage.

The group briefly shared personal experiences with local flooding, with Jamie describing flooding issues near his home and Becky noting their new house’s relative safety from flooding.

Dan explained the recent flooding in Texas’s hill country, caused by extreme rainfall from a combination of tropical storm moisture and atmospheric conditions, leading to rapid river rises. Sam noted similar flooding patterns in Florida and asked about the meteorological factors, which Dan simplified as mesoscale convective systems.

Jamie shifted the discussion to warning systems, asking Becky about the feasibility of timely alerts for such rapid-onset floods, to which Becky responded that while there was significant advance warning, the rapid development of the event made it challenging to issue timely alerts.

Becky discussed the challenges of warning and evacuating people during flash floods, noting that the delay in acting on the flash flood emergency warning cost lives. Jamie highlighted that some disasters are so destructive that complete prevention of loss of life is not possible, and emphasized the need for better communication and preparedness.

Sam suggested improving the flash flood warning system and addressing the issue of people being unaware of flood risks while recreating in flood zones. Becky criticized the decision to build in flood-prone areas, emphasizing that better mitigation efforts could have prevented the tragedy.

The discussion focused on the importance of preparedness for nighttime weather emergencies, with Dan emphasizing that people should check forecasts before sleeping and have reliable warning systems in place. Sam shared an example of a camp that lacked a siren system, highlighting the need for weather radios as a more reliable warning method, especially in areas with poor cell signal.

Becky agreed that multiple weather radios distributed throughout camps could be effective, and Dan recommended that camp organizers work with local officials to develop and drill emergency plans. The conversation also touched on the challenges faced by economically underserved communities in accessing warnings and responding to emergencies, as noted by Sam and Jamie.

Jamie and Becky discussed how underserved communities are disproportionately affected by natural disasters due to lack of resources and knowledge, citing examples from Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Ida. Dan provided an update on current weather conditions, noting concerns about flooding risks in the Midwest and Appalachians due to atmospheric disturbances and increased moisture from climate change.

Becky emphasized the importance of being weather-aware, especially in summer, and advised taking proactive measures like having evacuation plans and staying informed about potential threats.

The group discussed the importance of weather-related aspects in their recent discussions and expressed gratitude to Paragon Medical Education Group for their sponsorship and educational services. Jamie encouraged listeners to reach out to Joe and the team at Paragon for innovative training exercises, and provided various platforms where group members could be found, including Blue Sky, the Disaster Podcast Facebook group, and disasterpodcast.com. Sam agreed that the weather perspective was crucial alongside the response perspective, and the conversation ended with a reminder to stay aware and stay alive.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Chuck Costanza joins the Disaster Podcast team tonight. He’s the Vice President of Client Engagement for Global Guardian. They provide global threat assessments for companies, helping them protect their employees from the effects of things like major disasters.

The team discusses global security issues surrounding things like climate change. It affects many areas of global security like mass migrations, sea level rise, and destabilizing food supplies. The impacts are wide ranging with many disaster-related situations, like major hurricanes and other weather events.

Global Guardian Hurricane Preparedness Guide

The episode was hosted by Sam Bradley and featured disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin, and disaster meteorologist, Dan DePodwin.

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Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

East Coast Power Outage Discussion

Jamie, who was supposed to co-host, was unable to participate due to a power outage caused by a storm on the east coast, outside Baltimore. Sam introduced Becky and Dan as meteorologists to discuss the weather situation, and Chuck joined to talk about disaster management for businesses.

The meeting officially started with Sam introducing the topic as the “Disaster Podcast,” focusing on the east coast power outages and upcoming discussions on disaster management.

Extreme Heat Wave Discussion

The group discussed recent extreme weather patterns, particularly record-breaking heat in the Northeast and Midwest, with temperatures reaching 100 degrees in New York City and Boston. Dan explained that while the intense heat would subside, warmer conditions would persist, especially in the western United States as July approaches.

Becky emphasized the importance of heat safety and checking on neighbors, while Sam and Chuck, both located in Colorado, noted the region’s relative relief from humidity.

Climate Change and Security Impacts

Chuck Costanza, a former senior advisor at the U.S. Department of State, discussed how climate change impacts global security, including migration, water scarcity, and sea level rise. Dan from AccuWeather confirmed that the upcoming hurricane season is expected to be above average, with up to 19 named storms, including 5 major hurricanes.

The discussion highlighted the importance of business preparedness for extreme weather events, with Chuck offering a hurricane preparedness guide for sharing.

Hurricane Preparedness and Business Continuity

Chuck and Sam discussed the importance of preparing for hurricanes, emphasizing business continuity and the need for proactive planning. Chuck highlighted the necessity of designating roles and responsibilities within an organization, as well as establishing relationships with external partners for resource support during emergencies.

They also addressed the challenges of remote work, accountability issues, and the need to update emergency plans annually to account for changing weather patterns and new hazards. Becky agreed, adding that plans should be reviewed regularly to assess and prepare for evolving risks, such as migration to new regions and increased exposure to unfamiliar weather events.

Business Emergency Planning Strategies

Becky emphasized the importance of comprehensive emergency planning for businesses, highlighting the need to consider both economic and human factors. Chuck discussed the challenges of relying on external partners during disasters, citing examples from Asheville and Hawaii, and stressed the importance of having contingency plans and updated contact information for employees. The group also explored the difficulties of accounting for remote workers during emergencies, particularly when traditional communication methods fail.

Enhancing Disaster Preparedness Strategies

Sam and Chuck discussed disaster preparedness and response, emphasizing the importance of both centralized and individual disaster plans. They highlighted the role of disaster recovery contractors, insurance companies, and the potential for remote work capabilities in the aftermath of a disaster.

Sam stressed the significance of after-action reviews to learn from past experiences and improve future responses. Becky agreed, suggesting that lessons could be learned from other regions’ experiences, even if a community was not directly impacted.

Disaster Planning for Businesses

Chuck advised businesses to start disaster planning by working with experienced personnel, reviewing existing resources, and conducting tabletop exercises to identify specific needs and strengths. He emphasized the importance of having clearly defined roles and responsibilities within an organization for effective disaster response.

Hurricane Safety and Preparedness

The discussion focused on hurricane intensification and safety measures. Dan explained that rapid intensification of hurricanes, particularly over warm waters with low wind shear, can lead to dangerous Category 5 storms, citing Hurricane Michael as an example. He emphasized that while wind damage is significant, storm surge and freshwater flooding from rainfall pose the greatest threat to life.

Sam highlighted the importance of preparedness for families and businesses, including having backup power, communications, and evacuation plans, while Chuck noted that businesses must prioritize employee safety through comprehensive duty of care programs.

Global Guardian Emergency Response

Sam and Chuck discussed Global Guardian’s emergency response capabilities, highlighting their experience in handling natural disasters like Hurricane Helene. They emphasized the importance of having pre-established relationships with emergency response teams and the value of Global Guardian’s global network, which enabled them to quickly mobilize resources from different countries.

Chuck encouraged potential clients to learn more about Global Guardian’s services through their website and membership program, and advised listeners to contact 911 in emergencies.

Global Guardian Disaster Preparedness Insights

The meeting focused on disaster preparedness and emergency response, with Chuck from Global Guardian providing insights into their services and resources available for individuals and businesses. Participants discussed the importance of planning ahead and utilizing tools like Global Guardian’s offerings to stay prepared. The conversation also touched on social media presence and future podcast appearances, with plans to invite Chuck back for further discussions.

Sam thanked Dr. Joe and the team at Paragon Medical Education Group for their continued sponsorship, highlighting the customizability of their training resources.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Dan Zehner from the U.S. National Science Foundation’s NHERI returns to the podcast this week. He talks about some of the key reports generated by their institutions in the past year. One particular StEER report on Hurricane Milton showed a huge dataset collected about the storm and its impact on homes and other infrastructure along the storm’s path.

This data then goes to the individual testing centers for wind and storm surge around the country where they start testing building materials and techniques against specific natural forces. In the end, these tests become recommendations to states and local jurisdictions about building codes to create safer housing and infrastructure.

Check out the individual linked data sets and reports below.

Hurricane and Windstorm Experts List

Hurricane Simulations in High Gear

The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis.

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Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

Hurricane Season Preparation Discussion

The meeting began with Sam and Jamie discussing recent weather events and the start of the hurricane season, noting that Becky and Dan Z were present to provide insights. Becky mentioned that the season had started early and that NOAA predicted an above-average season, while Dan Z explained his role in coordinating research infrastructure for natural hazard engineering.

The group discussed the importance of preparation for the upcoming hurricane season and mentioned an upcoming workshop in July for learning to use equipment for data collection and analysis.

Weather Service Staffing and Safety

Jamie discussed concerns about staffing cutbacks at Federal agencies and their impact on National Weather Service warning systems during severe weather events. Kyle explained the challenges of alerting people during overnight hours and emphasized the importance of local weather service offices for accurate forecasting and trust in warnings.

Tom and Becky highlighted the value of local knowledge in forecasting and the human impact of staff cuts on forecasters, who are vital to communities’ safety.

2024 Storm Season Forecast Review

The group discussed the anticipated number of named storms this year, with Becky reporting 13 to 19 total storms, 6 to 10 hurricanes, and 3 to 5 major hurricanes, with 70% confidence in these ranges. Daniel shared insights from a report on the rapid intensification of storms, particularly highlighting Milton’s extreme transformation from a tropical depression to a category 5 hurricane in just 48 hours, which he attributed to warmer sea surface temperatures linked to climate change.

The discussion also covered the impact of such storms on critical infrastructure, including power outages affecting 3.4 million people, and the increased risk of heat-related illnesses during prolonged power cuts.

NHERI’s Infrastructure Performance Research

Daniel explained how NHERI’s network and testing facilities, like the Wall of Wind, analyze building performance during hurricanes by examining historical data, current construction practices, and building codes. He noted that while older homes can be well-built if properly maintained, newer homes may not always meet current standards.

Jamie highlighted the importance of NHERI’s long-term research in influencing building code updates, while Becky asked about the effectiveness of building codes, which Daniel addressed by describing how NHERI’s research evaluates adherence through data collection and analysis.

Hurricane Expert Network and Resources

Daniel shared a list of hurricane and windstorm experts, including Jennifer Bridge at the University of Florida, Arindam Chowdhury at FIU’s Wall of Wind, and Brian Phillips who will take over for Forest Masters as the new leader of mobile deployments.

He highlighted the importance of the Texas Advanced Computing Center’s supercomputing facility, which provides accurate storm surge forecasts and has helped protect lives and property during recent hurricanes. Daniel also mentioned that the facility runs models every time a new track comes from NOAA, offering up-to-date and granular data on storm surge predictions.

NSF Funding Advocacy Meeting

The meeting discussed the potential funding challenges facing the National Science Foundation, which could impact NHERI’s operations and access to testing equipment as of October 1st. Daniel encouraged attendees to contact their representatives to support NSF funding, emphasizing that this issue transcends political affiliations.

Jamie highlighted NHERI’s transparency in sharing data and information, while Daniel mentioned a collection of open-access articles in the Frontiers in the Built Environment journal showcasing NHERI’s research from 2015 to 2025. Becky stressed the importance of scientific research in various fields, urging attendees to advocate for continued support of such work.

Podcast Rankings and Sponsorship Update

The team discussed their recent ranking on a list of natural disaster podcasts, with Design Safe Radio podcast being ranked 5th and the Disaster Podcast being ranked 11th. Jamie thanked Dr. Joe and the team at Paragon Medical Education Group for their continued sponsorship, highlighting the customizability of their training resources.

The group also discussed how listeners can find and connect with them through various social media platforms and websites, and Jamie encouraged listeners to subscribe to future episodes.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

We asked Thomas Di Liberto, meteorologist, climatologist, and former NOAA employee on the show to discuss recent changes in National Weather Service staffing. Do the changes made in the name of government efficiency lead to risks in accurate weather prediction and disaster weather alerts? We discuss this on the show this week with the team.

Also on the show this week were meteorologist and weather-squatch Kyle Nelson along with our disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin. The team talks about the recent string of fatal tornado outbreaks across the south and midwest. We also ponder how the staffing changes may affect alerts during the upcoming Atlantic hurricane season.

The episode was hosted by Jamie Davis.

Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary

Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

Tornado Warning System Improvement Discussion

Jamie, Kyle, and Becky discussed the active severe weather season, with Kyle highlighting potential threats across the central and southeastern United States. Becky shared that the number of severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings issued since January 1st exceeded previous records, surpassing those from 2011.

Jamie mentioned recent storms causing significant deaths, and the group prepared to transition to their guest, Tom de Liberto, a meteorologist and former NOAA public affairs specialist.

Weather Service Staffing and Safety

Jamie discussed concerns about staffing cutbacks at Federal agencies and their impact on National Weather Service warning systems during severe weather events. Kyle explained the challenges of alerting people during overnight hours and emphasized the importance of local weather service offices for accurate forecasting and trust in warnings.

Tom and Becky highlighted the value of local knowledge in forecasting and the human impact of staff cuts on forecasters, who are vital to communities’ safety.

Weather Service Staffing Crisis Impact

Jamie, Tom, and Becky discussed the critical staffing shortages and morale issues within the National Weather Service, particularly the impact of reduced staff on the agency’s ability to perform its core mission of public safety. Tom highlighted the significant challenges faced by weather forecast offices, including burnout, early retirements, and the absence of key leadership positions like meteorologists in charge.

These changes have led led to staff members being overburdened and unable to maintain 24/7 forecasting operations or conduct community outreach. Becky inquired about the functioning of offices without MICS (meteorologists in charge), and Tom explained that acting leaders are often overburdened, potentially affecting operations during extreme weather events.

Weather Reporting in Emergency Management

Jamie and Kyle discussed the critical role of weather reporting in emergency management, highlighting its importance for operations like fire response, nuclear facility drills, and backcountry missions. Kyle emphasized the National Weather Service’s support, particularly through spot weather forecasts and on-site incident meteorologists, which are vital for events like the winter X games. Both agreed on the necessity of weather service coverage for smaller areas to ensure effective decision-making and resource allocation in emergency situations.

AI’s Role in Weather Forecasting

Jamie raised concerns about AI’s potential role in forecasting and diagnosing, referencing studies showing AI’s slight advantage over human experts in some areas. Becky and Tom discussed the limitations of AI in meteorology, emphasizing the importance of human interpretation and decision-making.

They agreed that while AI could assist forecasters, it cannot replace human expertise. Jamie and Kyle highlighted broader issues of government cutbacks affecting disaster response infrastructure and the importance of human communication in weather forecasting.

Weather Community Unity Discussion

The group discusses the importance of having Tom back on the podcast in the future to continue the conversation about weather-related issues. Becky expresses concern about worsening staffing and burnout problems at NOAA, the National Weather Service, and FEMA.

Tom emphasizes the mission-driven nature of the field and the importance of the weather community staying united to make the best decisions and forecasts for people. The participants share their contact information and social media handles for listeners to connect with them.

The team also thanked their sponsor, Paragon Medical Education Group, and urged listeners to reach out for unique training opportunities.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

David DiPietro was a former Coast Guard Rescue Swimmer and eventually an instructor for community operations and personnel. He later founded DiPietro and Associates, a medical equipment business, including the distribution of AEDs. Kelsey Treat, David’s daughter, now runs the company’s sales and operations while Dave focuses on new business opportunities.

Our episode was hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis.

Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary

Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.

Podcast Discussion Summary

Weather Conditions and Flood Preparedness

In the meeting, Jamie and Sam discussed the weather conditions in their respective locations. Jamie shared that there was a flash flood watch in Maryland, with significant rainfall causing flooding and water rescues.

Sam mentioned that Colorado was experiencing heavy rain and wind. The team also discussed the importance of general preparedness and being aware of potential flooding in their regions.

Medical Equipment Business and Training Services

Dave and Kelsey from Dipietro and Associates discussed their medical equipment business and training services. Dave, a former helicopter rescue swimmer in the Coast Guard, shared his background in expanding medical capabilities with defibrillators and becoming one of the first distributors in the country.

Kelsey, who has been involved with the company since she was a teenager, is now the sales and operations manager. They expressed interest in opportunities and removing obstacles, with Kelsey taking the reins of the company’s operations.

AEDs and Lay Responder Programs

Kelsey discussed the importance of lay responders in the chain of survival and her efforts to create a program for clients. Sam and Dave shared their thoughts on the ease of use of AEDs, with Dave noting that the modern defibrillator started around 2000.

Kelsey agreed that children should learn how to use AEDs, especially if they have family members with heart issues. Jamie shared his family’s experience with community activities and the ease of operating an AED. Dave emphasized the simplicity of using an AED, suggesting that it’s easier to operate than performing CPR.

FDA Compliance for Medical Devices

Dave and Sam discussed the company’s market, which includes various sectors such as schools, police departments, and manufacturing, excluding hospitals and EMS. Dave clarified that their products are FDA Class 3 medical devices, not consumer products, and thus require compliance with specific regulatory issues. Kelsey added that these issues include a data management system for tracking the AED’s location, maintenance, and any FDA recalls or corrective actions.

AED Maintenance and Data Management

Dave, Kelsey, and Sam discussed the importance of maintaining Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) in various settings. Kelsey highlighted their proprietary data management system, which includes developing written policies and procedures for AED deployment, conducting Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Improvement (QI) checks, and registering AEDs with local Emergency Medical Services (EMS).

They also emphasized the need for regular inspections and maintenance of AEDs to ensure their readiness in emergency situations. Dave mentioned the new Wi-Fi connected AED, the AED 3, which can perform self-inspections and provide notifications for battery and pad replacements, as well as deployment.

AEDs, CPR, and Trauma Kits

Kelsey discussed the removal of a requirement for organizations with publicly available AEDs to have CPR and AED certified employees. Dave explained that the General Duty Act requires appropriate care for sick or injured individuals in the workplace, which often means having a group of people trained in CPR and first aid. Jamie shared their church’s experience with AEDs and CPR training.

Dave emphasized the importance of a robust management program for defibrillators to prevent high failure rates. Kelsey introduced a hot topic regarding the introduction of trauma kits, which include tourniquets, pressure bandages, and packing gauze, in buildings constructed or renovated after 2021. A bill has also been proposed to require a trauma kit in every classroom of California public schools.

Lay Responders’ Standard of Care

Dave and Jamie discussed the increasing standard of care for lay responders and the general public in the public safety industry. They noted that the standard of care is pushing down to lay responders, with more technical applications of equipment and devices. This trend is driven by legislative efforts and the need for organizations to be prepared to respond to mass casualty incidents.

Dave highlighted the psychological and emotional strain on lay responders, while Jamie emphasized the importance of communities being aware of and maintaining defibrillators in their facilities. Jamie also mentioned the success of defibrillators in saving lives, particularly in schools.

Improving Mass Casualty Event Support

Dave, Jamie, and Sam discussed the importance of preparedness and the use of available equipment to save lives. They also touched on the need for better support for late responders and secondary victims in mass casualty events.

Sam expressed interest in working with Dave on improving post-event support and incident stress debriefing. The team also thanked their sponsor, Paragon Medical Education Group, and agreed to send a link to the episode for further use.

Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!