Down to Earth

Can man and wolves coexist? Several European countries are grappling with this question, as wolves naturally regain ground across the continent. Switzerland is the latest country that's having to adapt to their return. Wolves were first spotted there in 2012, with their numbers tripling to reach at least 300. Shepherds have since had to face growing attacks, but one NGO has made it its mission to reconcile sheep and wolves, offering a unique service to help. Our Down to Earth team reports.

Around the world, record-shattering temperatures are feeding demand for air conditioning. 135 million individual ACs are sold every year, a figure set to triple by 2050 according to the International Energy Agency. This rush to cool air could in turn become a major driver of electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In Paris, a little-known network of underground water pipes aims to cool down buildings, without resorting to polluting AC units. 

Organisers of the Paris Olympics have promised the event will be "historic for the climate". As part of its climate strategy, the committee established a goal of generating no more than half the planet-warming gases produced by previous Summer Games in London and Rio, pledging to slash emissions in three main categories: construction, transportation and operations. So how is Paris faring, compared to its predecessors? And can a planetary event like the Olympics ever be sustainable?

An Australian environmental activist has become the first person to run the entire length of the Seine River, a total of 848km from its source to the sea, in 30 days. Mina Guli set off on this epic journey last month to draw attention to efforts being made to clean up the Seine, and the need for all cities to restore rivers. The 53-year-old completed her Seine River Run challenge earlier in July, crossing the finishing line in the port city of Le Havre.   

Over the next eight years, scientists will study the DNA of 4,500 marine species found along France's coastline and overseas territories. The ATLASea programme aims to collect specimens of fish, mammals and algae whose genomes have never been sequenced before in order to draw up a genetic “map” of underwater life. Researchers hope the database will eventually contribute to the discovery of new molecules for use in medicine, agriculture and other fields.

There's less than a month to go before the Olympics kick off in Paris. It's a big event for athletes but also for chefs, who are getting ready to serve over 40,000 meals per day. As part of a pledge to limit greenhouse gas emissions, the Paris Games are set to make history by offering more vegetarian cuisine than any previous edition. The committee says the event's plant-based offering will help halve the carbon footprint of meals, compared to the Rio and London games. Our team at Down to Earth got to have a taste.

Scientists are warning of the growing risk of tropical illnesses spreading due to global warming. As temperatures rise, many places are becoming more hospitable to Asian tiger mosquitoes, which are known to carry and transmit dengue fever, Chikungunya but also Zika. In France, record cases of dengue fever have been reported since the start of 2024. Most of them are in people who had travelled to French overseas territories. Authorities warn this could result in people getting infected in mainland France, in a wave of so-called native cases. The Down to Earth team investigates.

Around the world, food insecurity is on the rise, with the cost of living crisis cutting many households off from nutritious meals. In France's Bordeaux region, 400 people have begun experimenting with a unique food security programme, aiming to make locally-grown food accessible to everyone - regardless of income. Inspired by France's universal healthcare system, the programme could be the premise of a new branch of “social security” for food - with both social and environmental benefits.

Cheese lovers beware: the days of Camembert could be numbered. According to France's National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), a lack of microbial diversity risks driving the famed French soft cheese to the brink of extinction. Researchers say a single mould strain known as Penicillium camemberti, which is essential for the production of camembert, is now unable to reproduce. This has led to a collapse in its genetic make-up, threatening its survival and that of the iconic cheese along with it. The Down to Earth team reports from France's Normandy region, the home of Camembert. 

Asian hornets were first detected on French soil in 2004, and the invasive species has since spread rapidly across the country and the rest of Europe, including Germany, Spain and the UK. Asian hornets are known to be a major cause of high bee mortality, with entire colonies wiped out in as little as several days. Earlier this month, the French government launched a nationwide strategy to combat their proliferation. Beekeepers have also had to adapt in order to protect their hives. The Down to Earth team reports from France's western Finistère peninsula.