Morgan Williams Jr. talks about the race-specific effects of policing.

"Police Force Size and Civilian Race" by Aaron Chalfin, Benjamin Hansen, Emily Weisburst, and Morgan Williams, Jr.

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“Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime” by Steven Levitt.

“Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime: Comment” by Justin McCrary.

“Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effects of Police on Crime: Reply” by Steven Levitt.

“COPS and Crime” by William N. Evans and Emily G. Owens.

“Safety in Police Numbers: Evidence of Police Effectiveness from Federal COPS Grant Applications” by Emily Weisburst.

“More COPS, Less Crime” by Steven Mello.

“The Effects of COPS Office Funding on Sworn Force Levels, Crime, and Arrests” by Phillip Cook, Max Kapustin, Jens Ludwig, and Douglas Miller.

“Are U.S. Cities Underpoliced? Theory and Evidence” by Aaron Chalfin and Justin McCrary.

“Misdemeanor Prosecution” by Amanda Agan, Jennifer Doleac, and Anna Harvey.

Probable Causation Episode 51: Amanda Agan and Anna Harvey.