Tim Moore talks about the long-term effects of the US crack cocaine epidemic on gun violence.

“Guns and Violence: The Enduring Impact of Crack Cocaine Markets on Young Black Males” by William N. Evans, Craig Garthwaite, and Timothy J. Moore.

***

Probable Causation is part of Doleac Initiatives, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. If you enjoy the show, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution. Thank you for supporting our work!

***

“The White/Black Educational Gap, Stalled Progress, and the Long-term Consequences of the Emergence of Crack Cocaine Markets” by William N. Evans, Craig Garthwaite, and Timothy J. Moore.

“Youth Violence, Guns and the Illicit-drug Industry” by Alfred Blumstein.

Episode 16 of Probable Causation: Stephen Billings.

“The Emergence of Crack Cocaine and the Rise in Urban Crime Rates” by Jeff Grogger and Michael Willis.

“Measuring Crack Cocaine and its Impact” by Roland G. Fryer Jr., Paul S. Heaton, Steven D. Levitt, and Kevin M. Murphy.

“The Social Costs of Gun Ownership” by Philip J. Cook and Jens Ludwig.

“It's the Phone, Stupid: Mobiles and Murder” by Lena Edlund and Cecilia Machado.

“The Role of Gun Supply in 1980s and 1990s Youth Violence” by Wm. Alan Bartley and Geoffrey Williams.

“Firearms and Violence Under Jim Crow” by Michael D. Makowsky and Patrick L. Warren.

“The Emergence of the Crack Epidemic and City-to-Suburb Mobility Between and Within Ethno-Racial Groups” by Takuma Kamada.

“Illegal Drugs and Public Corruption: Crack Based Evidence from California” by Alessandro Flamini, Babak Jahanshahi, and Kamiar Mohaddes.

“Opioid Use, Health and Crime: Insights from a Rapid Reduction in Heroin Supply” by Timothy J. Moore & Kevin T. Schnepel.

Episode 5 of Probable Causation: Kevin Schnepel.

Episode 27 of Probable Causation: Benjamin Hansen.

“Causes and Consequences of Illicit Drug Epidemics” by Timothy J. Moore and Rosalie Liccardo Pacula.