• Eu é sempre "o". Então: eu falo, eu ando, eu como, eu gosto. Então é sempre "o".

• Tu é com "s". Então: tu falas, tu gostas, tu comes, tu bebes, tu andas.

• Com ele, ela e você, tipo, acaba em "a" ou "e". But the easier way to explain this is like you take the R. All verbs end with a R, like falar, gostar, comer, beber. You take the R. Seria algo como: falar fica "fala", acabar "acaba", gostar "gosta". Então: ela gosta, ela come, ela bebe, ela anda, ela fala. Então, either ends with a A or E.

• Nós é sempre "mos". Então: nós falámos, gostámos, andámos, brincámos, jogámos.

• E eles/elas é com "m". Então: andam, gostam, falam, andam, brincam. You see?

Translation:
Hello everyone, welcome to the European Portuguese Podcast. Today I am going to talk about regular verbs. I promise that this is much easier than it looks.

So, you probably know: eu, tu, ele, ela, nós, vocês, eles, elas (I, you, he, she, we, you all, they). So, each person has a letter. Like, this is the easiest part: each person has a letter.

• Eu (I) is always "o". So: eu falo (I speak), eu ando (I walk), eu como (I eat), eu gosto (I like). So it is always "o".

• Tu (you) is with "s". So: tu falas, tu gostas, tu comes, tu bebes, tu andas.

• With ele, ela and você (he, she, and formal you), like, it ends in "a" or "e". But the easier way to explain this is like you take the R. All verbs end with an R, like falar, gostar, comer, beber. You take the R. It would be something like: falar becomes "fala", acabar (to finish) "acaba", gostar "gosta". So: ela gosta, ela come, ela bebe, ela anda, ela fala. So, either ends with an A or E.

• Nós (we) is always "mos". So: nós falámos, gostámos, andámos, brincámos, jogámos.

• And eles/elas (they) is with "m". So: andam, gostam, falam, andam, brincam. You see?

So, a full text would be: "I like summer very much. I like summer because I like the beach, but you like spring more because you don't like the heat. He likes winter because he likes snow, but we, we like autumn very much because we like September, for example. And finally, they, they don't like winter because they don't like cold, they like heat more."

So, it is something like that. Thank you all once again and that is all for now.

Translation:
Hello guys, welcome to another episode of the European Portuguese Podcast. Today I am going to talk about physical appearance. I thought, okay, maybe I can teach some new words about appearance and maybe next time I will talk about personality, but today I am going to talk about something more physical.

So, maybe many of you know the word "alto". Alto, alta, is tall. And short is "baixo" and "baixa". I think that in Portugal people are a bit shorter than in the northern European countries. In Northern Europe they are taller. In Northern Europe people are also fairer, light-skinned, they have lighter skin than us.

So, people are "loiras", blonde, olhos azuis, blue eyes. In Portugal, we have cabelo castanho (brown hair), olhos castanhos (brown eyes), more... we are a bit more "morenos" (darker-haired/skinned). It depends on the person. For example, my mother has green eyes and brown hair and she isn't short, but she isn't tall, she is medium. But for example, my father is very moreno, very, very, very moreno. My brother too. He has brown eyes, almost black, dark brown hair.

Me... well, I am morena with brown eyes, but I try to be a bit different, so I dye my hair blonde. It's a phase. It's a phase that has lasted for six years, we'll see in the future. But originally my hair is brown as well.

Of course, then we have "ruivo". Ruivo is ginger, which we don't have much of in Portugal, but we still have some. I don't know how it happened, but I have some male and female friends with ginger hair, naturally. But then the eyes are brown. Brown eyes are the most common here.

Also some people wear óculos, glasses. I wear them sometimes, especially for work, but nowadays almost everyone needs to wear glasses. What else? Barba (beard). So some people wear a beard or bigode (mustache). Oh, and of course, I can't forget people who don't have hair. We say "carecas" in Portuguese, which is bald.

If we refer to idade, age, then we use "novo", "velho". Novo is young and velho is old, but to be polite, we would say "mais velho". Like, that person is mais velha, is older. Is older, younger.

So, I'm going to do a full description of someone. Like, okay, it could be Cristiano Ronaldo. He is tall, I think. He is tall, he is thin, he has brown hair, brown eyes, he is moreno. I don't know if he has a beard. I don't know, I think not. I don't know. Sometimes it's a phase for them. Okay, another person I'm going to describe, maybe a character. It could be Daenerys from Game of Thrones. So, she is short, she is beautiful, she is blonde, blue eyes. That's it. I think that's it. So, you get the idea.

So, thank you for listening once again and that's all for now.

Translation:
Hello everyone, welcome to another episode of the European Portuguese Podcast. Who likes history? I like history very much. In school it was, like, my favorite subject. So, I wanted to talk a little bit about feminine and masculine in Portuguese, and for that, I am going to briefly mention something about history.

So, as you know, Portuguese, the Portuguese language has a lot of feminine and masculine. For example, we have a casa (the house) and o carro (the car). So, "casa" is a feminine word and "carro" is a masculine word. Normally, if it ends with "a" it is feminine, "casa," and if it ends with "o" it is masculine, like "carro."

Now, why? Like, why does this happen? Basically, the fault lies with Latin. I have to be honest, it’s Latin's fault, because Latin has nouns and adjectives in feminine, masculine, plural, and singular. So, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian—all the languages that have Latin as a base have feminine, masculine, singular, plural. All of that. So, if you want to blame someone, blame Latin.

English... English has some similar things, but not the feminine and the masculine. For example, in English you only have "the": the house, the car, the sun, the bird, the dog. We have o sol (the sun), a casa, o cão (the dog), a menina (the girl), o menino (the boy). So we always make a distinction between feminine and masculine.

Now, an important thing is that when a word is feminine, everything else is feminine. All the adjectives are going to be feminine. Okay, so... I'll explain, wait, wait, don't get confused with adjectives and all what... I'll explain.

So, if I say "a menina", then I am going to say "bonita" (pretty). I wouldn't say "a menina bonito." So it is: "a menina é bonita," "o menino é bonito." And I would say: "a Ana é portuguesa" (Ana is Portuguese). I wouldn't say "português," "português" is masculine. So I would say: "ele" (he), like, "o João é português," "a Ana é portuguesa."

And if it’s plural, for example, "as meninas", then it would be "bonitas." It wouldn't be "bonita" or "bonito," "bonitos." It would be: "as meninas bonitas," "o menino bonito," "os meninos bonitos." You get it? Like, if one thing is feminine, everything is feminine. If it’s plural, everything is plural.

So, sometimes I hear, sometimes I hear some students saying things like: "oh, a rapariga é muito bonito" (the girl is very handsome/masculine pretty) or "Portugal é muito bonita, muito bonitas." Like, no... it doesn't really make sense, because if it is "a rapariga," then it needs to be "a rapariga é bonita." "As raparigas são bonitas." "Portugal é bonito." Yeah, Portugal is male, don’t know who decided that.

So, okay, I hope to have explained a little bit and, like, if it is very confusing, then tell me, and I'll explain this in another way if you want me to, just feel free to tell me if you feel like this is really confusing. But, like, basically it’s this: if something is feminine, everything is feminine. If something is masculine, everything is masculine. If it’s singular, everything is singular; if it’s plural, everything is plural. It’s basically this.

So, thank you once again and that’s all for now.

Olá a todos, bem-vindos ao European Portuguese Podcast. Hoje vou falar sobre isto, isso ou aquilo, uma das dúvidas mais... comuns em português.

Então, isto em inglês significa this. Então, por exemplo: isto é o meu episódio. O que é isto? What is this? Isto é um carro. This is a car. Então, isto é para coisas, objetos, que estão perto de nós. Tipo, literalmente perto de nós, like on us.

O próximo é isso. O que é isso? What's that? Oh, isso é um presente, um presente para a minha namorada. Isso é bom? Is that good? Sim, sim, é muito bom. Então, isso é para um objeto que está perto de nós, mas não em nós. It's close to us but it's not on us. So it's close to someone else, I would say. Está perto da outra pessoa, no meio, it's kind of in the middle.

Então temos isto, isso e aquilo. The last one, aquilo, é para algo que está longe de nós, it's far from us. Tipo: o que é aquilo lá ao fundo? What's that over there? Aquilo é um carro, eu acho. That's a car, I think. O que é aquilo? Aquilo é um pássaro. That's a bird.

Então, temos:

• Isto: para perto, on us, tá em nós. Tipo: isto é a minha camisola. This is my camisola.

• Isso: tipo in the middle. Isso é a tua camisola. That's your shirt.

• Aquilo: over there. Aquilo é uma camisola? That over there is a shirt?.

Então, usei uma camisola para o exemplo, mas talvez não é o melhor exemplo. Mas então, estes três é como dizemos em inglês this or that. Em inglês são só dois, you only have two, mas em português temos três. Temos um para o meio, one in the middle, que é "isso".

Então, espero que tenha sido um pouco mais clara a diferença do inglês e do português e que possa ter ajudado um pouco. Obrigada e é tudo por agora.

Translation:
Hello everyone, welcome to the European Portuguese Podcast. Today I'm going to talk about "isto", "isso", or "aquilo", one of the most... common doubts in Portuguese.

So, "isto" in English means "this". So, for example: isto é o meu episódio (this is my episode). O que é isto? (What is this?). Isto é um carro (this is a car). So, "isto" is for things, objects, that are near us. Like, literally near us, like on us.

The next one is "isso". O que é isso? (What's that?). Oh, isso é um presente (that is a gift), a gift for my girlfriend. Isso é bom? (Is that good?). Yes, yes, it’s very good. So, "isso" is for an object that is near us, but not on us. It's close to us but it's not on us. So it's close to someone else, I would say. It’s near the other person, in the middle, it's kind of in the middle.

So we have isto, isso, and "aquilo". The last one, aquilo, is for something that is far from us, it's far from us. Like: o que é aquilo lá ao fundo? (what's that over there at the back?). Aquilo é um carro, eu acho (that’s a car, I think). O que é aquilo? Aquilo é um pássaro (that’s a bird).

So, we have:

• Isto: for near, on us, it’s on us. Like: isto é a minha camisola (this is my sweater).

• Isso: like in the middle. Isso é a tua camisola (that’s your shirt).

• Aquilo: over there. Aquilo é uma camisola? (Is that sweater over there?).

So, I used a sweater for the example, but maybe it’s not the best example. But then, these three are how we say in English "this or that". In English there are only two, you only have two, but in Portuguese we have three. We have one for the middle, one in the middle, which is "isso".

So, I hope the difference between English and Portuguese has been a bit clearer and that it might have helped a bit. Thank you and that’s all for now.

Translation:
Hello everyone, welcome again to the European Portuguese Podcast and today I am going to talk about a topic that many people find a bit difficult to learn in Portuguese, but that with some practice becomes easy. It is making questions.

So, I am going to start by saying some words that can help to start a question. The first one is "quem". "Quem" is used for people, who. Who is your best friend? Who is your favorite singer? Who is your favorite artist? Who is your neighbor? Who is your boyfriend?. Okay, so these are some with "quem".

Another one is "como". "Como" is very important. It is literally translated how. How are you? How is your family? How is the weather? How is work? How have you been feeling lately?. So "como" is also very important.

Another one is "qual". "Qual" is sometimes translated into English as what, but I think that "qual" would be better translated as which one. It is more for choices. So, when we need to choose something among some options, "qual" is the perfect one. For example: What is your favorite music?. You need to choose one. What is your profession? What is your favorite color? What is your football team?.

Until now we talked then about: who is, how is or how are you, and which/what is.

Next one: "onde". Onde, I already talked about onde. Where is it (located)? Where is it?. Or for a temporary situation: Where is (someone/something)?. Where is João? Where is Maria? Where is Alentejo (located)? Where is the supermarket (located)?. Where is Coimbra? For a city, for example.

Next is "quando". "Quando" means literally when. When do you have holidays? When are you going to work? When are you available? When do you want to go drink a coffee?.

Yes, because I haven't talked yet about the "é que". But we can say just "como" or "como é que", "onde", "onde é que", "quando", "quando é que". So, the "é que" is something that you can add or not, it depends on you. I think it's very normal to hear people on the street, at the cafe, using the "é que", because it makes the sentence, the question, a bit more personal, like... it's more informal, it's not so formal.

Like: Where is it that you go... where is it that you are going to work? Where is it that the bathroom is located? How is it that your family is doing?. And "how is your family?" is a bit more formal, I think. The "é que" adds a bit, I don't know, emotion.

Okay, so next: "o quê". "O quê" or "quê" means what. This is our what. What? What is it that is happening? What's happening? What's happening? What is it that you need?. Because "o que" with "é que" becomes "o que é que". What is it that you are going to do tomorrow? What is it that you are going to do tomorrow? What is it that you are thinking about eating this afternoon?. What is it that you want to watch on television?. So, "o que é que". It can be just "o que" or "o que é que".

Next: "quanto". How much does it cost? How many years? How much is it?. It can be again "quanto é que". How much is it that the beer costs? How much is it that the wine costs?. Or then just "quanto". How much is a beer? How much does the bread cost? For example.

And finally: "porquê". "Porquê" means why. Why is it that you are working now? Why is it that you don't answer the phone for me? Why is it that you don't talk to me?.

And the answer would be "porque". So "porquê" is why, "porque" is because. Why is it that you don't talk to me? Because I am upset. For example.

So we saw: quem or quem é que, como or como é que, qual, qual é que, onde or onde é que, quando, quanto, o quê or o que é que and porquê.

I hope it might have been useful and that's all for now.

Translation:

Hello everyone, welcome to the European Portuguese Podcast. Before I start, I just wanted to let you know guys that uh you can actually read the transcription, okay? It's on the about part of the episode, if you click, you can read both in Portuguese and English. But if you can't find it or if you want access to more content or the full transcriptions, you can always check my link to Patreon and you'll have all the content.

Okay. So, today I thought about talking a little bit about the differences between Portuguese from Portugal and Portuguese from Brazil. And yes, I know, Portuguese from Brazil sounds more beautiful, everyone says that and I think I understand why. I think it’s more musical. So, Portuguese from Brazil is more open, the vowels, the words. Portuguese from Portugal is a bit more closed. We have our mouths more closed when we speak and we don't properly separate the words from one another, so it’s a big mix when we speak. It can be a bit confusing, I understand.

But well, I’m not going to talk much about which one is more beautiful or not, because it’s a matter of opinion, although I think... Portuguese from Brazil wins, but anyway. I’m going to talk about words and expressions that maybe you think are from Portugal, but are from Brazil. So, if it has a "G", the "dj" sound is from Brazil. We don't say "bom dja" (good day), we say "bom dia". "Boa noite" (good night), "boa tarde" (good afternoon) is from Brazil; we say "boa noite", "boa tarde".

Another thing... we don't say "legal" (cool), we say "fixe". When something is cool, we say "fixe". We don't say "oi" (hi), we say "olá" (hello). What else? Uh... for example, in Brazil they say "celular". We say "telemóvel". Telemóvel is cell phone. We say "autocarro", they say "ônibus" (bus). We say "comboio" and they say "trem" (train).

But there are others, there are other words. For example, for bathroom, we say "casa de banho" and they say "banheiro". And many, many students say "banheiro" in Portugal, but it’s not a Portuguese word. We have "banheira", but banheira it’s a bathtub in Portuguese. So "banheiro" is not a word that we use. We understand it, but we don't use it. What else? Uh... "frigorífico" (fridge), they say "geladeira". Ah, and a very important one: "pequeno-almoço". Pequeno-almoço is breakfast and in Brazil they say "café da manhã". So, this is a big difference.

What else? "Sumo" and "suco" (juice). "Sumo" is Portuguese from Portugal, "suco" is Portuguese from Brazil. Uh... what else? Maybe a big difference is that in Brazil they use the gerund. The gerund is like "falando" (speaking), "gostando" (liking), "andando" (walking), "cantando" (singing), "amando" (loving). We say "estou a falar" (I am speaking), "estou a amar", "estou a compreender". So, maybe that is a big difference too.

But if I need to talk about differences, the biggest of all is "você" and "tu" (you). In Brazil they use "você", they don't use "tu" properly. Maybe some regions, but not properly. In Portugal, we only use "você" to be polite. So, with older people or in a formal situation, we say "você", but normally we always say "tu". "Tu" is more informal. In Brazil, "você" is for all situations. I think this is the biggest difference. So, for example, for "você" we say "como está?" (how are you?). "Como está? Tudo bem com você? Tudo bem consigo?". This is very formal in Portugal. In Brazil this is normal. Informal in Portugal would be: "Olá, tudo bem? Como estás? Tudo bem contigo?". So this is the... the most normal in Portugal.

I think these are the biggest differences. So, once again, if you want to hear the full transcription, please check the Patreon link and feel free. It was a pleasure having you here again and that’s all for now.

Translation
Hello everyone and welcome again to the European Portuguese Podcast. Today I’m going to talk about greetings in Portuguese. So, this is an interesting topic because each culture has different ways of greeting. For example, in some parts of the world it is polite for a person to bow when greeting, but there isn’t much physical contact.

In other parts of the world, people are a bit more direct and formal. And then we have some countries in Southern Europe. I’m going to talk mainly about these Southern European countries, where people greet each other with physical contact. So, one extreme example is Italy. Italians are very expressive. So, they give kisses and hugs.

They move their bodies and their hands a lot. The French have reduced this a little. They give kisses, but they are not as expressive as Italians. The Portuguese can be a mix. So, it’s normal that if I meet friends, I give two kisses. Normally to both men and women, this is the usual situation. It can be in a formal or informal context.

It is customary to give two kisses. And it’s interesting that we start from left to right, because in some countries, like France, it’s the opposite. It goes from right to left, and this sometimes causes confusion. But it’s also normal to greet in more formal situations with a handshake.

So, it depends. But among family and friends, two kisses are very common. Especially between women and men, or women and women. Men greeting other men depends — some have their own greetings among friends, but normally it’s a handshake. And then we usually ask, “So, are you okay?”

And we don’t always expect an answer. It’s polite to ask. Now, listening to the answer… that’s not always necessary, but I think that’s something more general around the world. I hope this helped in some way. Thank you for listening, and that’s all for now.

Translation:
"Hello everyone again and welcome once more to the European Portuguese Podcast. Today I thought I would talk about one of the most common doubts in Portuguese, which is ser or estar. In English there is only one translation, which is “to be” — the verb to be: I am, you are, he is, she is. But in Portuguese we have two verbs that translate to to be.

So, which ones are they? It’s ser or estar. Maybe you have heard this before: “Eu sou.” I am Ana. I am Portuguese. I am a teacher. I am… fun, or, I don’t know, personal characteristics: tall or short, blonde or brunette. So, you’re starting to understand. “Sou”, the verb ser, is more for things that don’t change easily in your life. It’s permanent.

So, it’s used for profession, nationality, and physical characteristics. So, everything else is estar. For example, location and feelings. “I am at home.” “I am tired.” “I am sick.” “I am working.” “I am having lunch with my friends.” So, we use estar a lot. It’s temporary… it changes. It’s temporary. So, we use this one in our daily life for almost everything.

For example, we don’t say: “Portugal is small” using estar. Because… it’s something that is not going to change, at least not easily. So, the correct thing to say would be: “Portugal is small” using ser. It’s something permanent and stable. What else? For example, we don’t say: “Alentejo is beautiful” using estar. Because that would mean it’s beautiful just now, only at this moment. But if we want to say that Alentejo is a beautiful region, then we use the permanent verb. Alentejo is beautiful.

And one last example, to finish, and this one is the funniest. This is a funny one. We don’t say: “I am sick” using ser. Because that would mean that I am permanently a sick person. It could even mean something more mental or chronic. “I’m a sick person.” So, this can cause some confusion. The correct thing to say is: “I am sick” using estar.

So, I am Portuguese, but I am in Portugal. Or I am healthy, but I am sick. I am a teacher and I am working. So, I think this helps you understand it more or less. So, ser is permanent and estar is more for temporary situations.

Ok. I think I’ve been talking for a few minutes now. I’ll stop here. Thank you for listening. And that’s all for now."

Translation:
"Hello everyone again, welcome to… Oh my God, I don’t know if you can hear this. This… was the bread van. So, basically, the van that sells bread passes by here every day at the same time and so… Ok, why not leave it in the podcast? Maybe it’s something interesting for you to know about… Portugal. We have vans that sell bread every day at the same time and they honk a lot, ok, that’s it.

But not related to what I wanted to teach, today I was going to talk about family. So, Portuguese family is always something interesting to talk about, because… I think families are still very close in Portugal. It’s… it’s normal for families to get together sometimes to have lunches… or dinners. That’s something I think is very beautiful.

For example, it’s common for the grandfather and the grandmother — the grandparents — to be part of the grandchildren’s lives. Grandparents actually have a big influence on the grandchildren’s lives. They help raise them until… until many years later. Sometimes because the parents are working. It’s like this, maternity leave… only lasts a few months and after that the parents need to go back to work.

Both the father and the mother. And because of that, babies or children need to stay with someone and many times they stay with the grandparents. So, they, they have a big influence on the kids’ lives.

So, ok, I’ve already talked about father, mother, grandparents, children. Umm, for example, in my case, my parents had two children, me and my brother. My brother is older, I was born… like, eight years after him.

So, I can say that it’s funny growing up with older siblings. But I also have an uncle. My uncle, my mother’s brother, also grew up with us. So, he’s also a very close person to us. So, I’ve already talked about many people. Father/mother, grandparents, uncle/aunt. More… Brother/sister. I haven’t talked about cousins yet. I also have some male and female cousins.

But they’re not very close to my age. So I never had much in common with them. But they’re also an important part of the family. And… I think I’ve mentioned lots of family members in this space. And that was what I wanted to talk about today. So thank you very much for listening a little bit more and I hope to meet you soon.

That’s all for now!"

Translation:

"Hello everyone, welcome back to the European Portuguese Podcast. Today I’m thinking about talking about directions, which is something I’m not sure is still that necessary to talk about, because honestly I use GPS for everything. But I’ve already had some situation where I went to a restaurant and needed to ask “where is the bathroom” or “where is the bathroom located”.

So, I think that in those circumstances it’s good to know some Portuguese words. Especially if we need to go to the bank, to the bathroom, or even ask for an ingredient in the supermarket. I’ve already needed to ask “where is the milk” or something like that. So, for these circumstances I think the main expression to learn is “onde é”, or “onde fica”. It means where is.

I think it’s like the most essential one, this expression. So if you need to know the location of something, you just need to use this expression. So, it’s something more or less like this. “Excuse me, where is the bank?” Or, “excuse me, where is the bathroom?” Or something even more polite, “excuse me, could you tell me”, (could you tell me) - “Could you tell me where the bathroom is”, or “where is the bank”, “where is the supermarket”. That’s it.

Now, for the answer, you might hear something like “em frente”, which is “straight ahead”, or “in front of something”, or “à esquerda” “left” or “direita”, “right”? Honestly, everything else is not worth spending too much time on. Normally it’s enough to know “straight ahead”, “right”, “left”. That’s it.

So, “excuse me, where is the restaurant?”-“The restaurant is straight ahead and to the right.” That’s it.

If I could choose one expression for a beginner to learn, it would be “where is”. The word “onde” is very used. So, I hope this might have helped in some way. Thank you very much for listening again.

I hope to meet you soon. And that’s all for now."