"The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us" (John 1:14, NIV). The verb (σκηνόω) translated as "made his dwelling" occurs in the NT also in Rev. 7:15; 12:12; 13:6; and 21:3. It turns out to be a suggestive verb with a strong history in the OT connected with Moses' tabernacle. Dr. Denis L. Salgado is the Lead Research Fellow & Assistant Executive Director at the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). His publications include (co-editor), Intersection: Interdisciplinary Approaches to New Testament Text and Manuscript Studies. In addition to his exposition of John 1:14, in this episode Dr. Salgado talks about the urgent importance of studying the remaining manuscripts of the Greek New Testament.

Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/4vbwYzP M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/4viuaBc

In the Hebrew of Jonah 3:4, the prophet announces a forty day delay before judgment falls on the Assyrian city of Nineveh. In the Greek version (LXX) of the same passage, the period allowed is just three days. Sometimes the Greek version is a more reliable witness to the original than the Hebrew, since the Hebrew may exist only in later copies. So did Jonah announce a deadline of three days or forty days? Dr. Milton Acosta is Associate Director of Training with Mesa Global, and was formerly professor of Old Testament and chair of the Biblical Sciences Research Group at la Fundación Universitaria Seminario Bíblico de Colombia. His publications include El Humor En El Antiguo Testamento; he also serves as Old Testament editor for the Latin America Bible Commentary.

Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/4oy8f6n M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/4v8IKuL

In a passage closely paralleled in Micah 4, the entire book of Isaiah is anticipated. A Hebrew particle in Isa. 2:3, the meaning of which is debated, hints at the scope of the inclusion of the nations (Gentiles) in God's dealings with Israel and the nations' own misgivings about the extent of their inclusion. Will they experience partial or full participation? Dr. David Baer, a Wheaton College alum and a missionary with Mesa Global, is Director of Mesa Scholars and Professor of Old Testament and Biblical Languages at Medellín's Biblical Seminary of Colombia. His publications include (co-editor), Leshon Limmudim: Essays on the Language and Literature of the Hebrew Bible in Honour of A.A. Macintosh. In an earlier episode of this podcast he discussed Isa. 57:15.

Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/4a0GRrJ M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/4fRR2md

Dr. David Baer, a Wheaton College alum and a missionary with Mesa Global, is Director of Mesa Scholars and Professor of Old Testament and Biblical Languages at Medellín's Biblical Seminary of Colombia. In this episode he announces and explains a planned Erasmus Academy of Biblical Languages, which will be a Spanish language institution, based in Colombia, serving as a platform for learning the biblical languages across the global Spanish speaking world. Dr. Baer's publications include When We All Go Home: Translation and Theology in LXX Isaiah 56-66. This is his second time on this podcast series.

Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/43BSemk M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/4uA1zpu

Prof. George Kalantzis returns for a third comment on one of the Bible's most well-known verses, John 3:16. A seemingly small question – should the English pronoun 'his' be inserted where the Greek has only the article 'the'? – swells with importance when viewed through the lens of the church's theological growth over the centuries following the apostles. Dr. George Kalantzis is Professor of Theology and Director of The Wheaton Center for Early Christian Studies at Wheaton College. Among his publications are Theodore of Mopsuestia: Gospel of John and Caesar and the Lamb: Early Christian Attitudes on War and Military Service. He has been editor or co-editor of several volumes, including, Christian Dying: Witnesses from the Tradition.

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The KJV of 2 Sam. 17:3 reads in part, "And I will bring back all the people unto thee: the man whom thou seekest is as if all returned: so all the people shall be in peace," whereas the ESV reads, "and I will bring all the people back to you as a bride comes home to her husband. You seek the life of only one man, and all the people will be at peace." Behind this difference is a fascinating story of rediscovery worthy of Indiana Jones. Dr. Michael Graves, a frequent contributor to this podcast, is Armerding Professor of Biblical Studies at Wheaton College. He is the translator of Commentary on Jeremiah (Ancient Christian Texts) and author of How Scripture Interprets Scripture, among other things.

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Paul writes to the Philippian believers, "if you have any encouragement from being united with Christ, if any comfort from his love . . . ." Does he doubt that they do? How do conditional sentences work on occasions like this? Dr. Phil Ryken, who has been a regular on our podcast, is the President of Wheaton College, 8th in the college's history. His most recent book is I Have My Doubts: How God Can Use Your Uncertainty to Reawaken Your Faith. You can hear many of his talks at Family Life Ministry – Podcast or at Every Last Word.

Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/4urqZpE M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/4eMmXnB

In the hevel-ridden world of Ecclesiastes the writer is asking whether it is all worth it for human beings. These reflections resonate with a modern audience, but what can be hard to grasp in translation is the sound of the Hebrew sentences, which itself assists in conveying the intended meaning. Bradley Cameron (PhD, Wheaton), who has been on the podcast before, is Visiting Assistant Professor of Old Testament at Wheaton College. His dissertation was, "Learning to Fear: An Exploration of the Fear of God in Ecclesiastes through the Lens of Emotion." His publications can be found on his faculty page.

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In Luke 19:3, Zacchaeus is unable to see Jesus because he is short. Is it possible that the short person in question is Jesus? Jon C. Laansma is Gerald F. Hawthorne Professor of New Testament Greek & Exegesis and the Director of the Classical Languages program at Wheaton College, and also the Wheaton-based director of this podcast series. Some of his publications may be found here. He is currently working on a commentary on 1 Corinthians for the T&T Clark International Theological Commentary series.

Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/4uOCpV1 M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/4uu1Ivc

The traditional translations of Gen. 2:24 have the man "leaving his father and mother," "clinging to his wife," and "becoming one flesh." The assumed frame of reference is that of marriage and sexual union. Yet situating that language in its cultural context and noting a Babylonian parallel to one of those phrases points to a corporate frame of reference. Dr. John Walton, Old Testament Professor Emeritus at Wheaton Graduate School, is a frequent contributor to this podcast. He has many volumes in his "Lost World" series along with many other publications, including, Genesis (NIV Application Commentary). He is currently collaborating with Dr. Aubrey Buster in preparing a major commentary on Daniel (NICOT). The first volume on Daniel 1-6 is already available, and the second volume on Daniel 7-12 is on the way.

Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/42KEbKC M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/3Rmomao