The Biblical Mind

What can Bible translations from around the world teach us about Scripture that we might miss in English? In this episode of The Biblical Mind, Dru Johnson talks with Bible translation scholar Dr. Jost Zetzsche about the power of language, translation, and the global Christian community.

Zetzsche introduces Translation Insights and Perspectives (TIPs), a free online resource that allows pastors, students, and Bible readers to explore how biblical passages have been translated into hundreds of languages. Rather than treating translation as a necessary compromise, the conversation explores how different languages can reveal unique perspectives on biblical words, concepts, grammar, and meaning.

The discussion examines why the Bible is “made to be translated,” how cultural context shapes language, and what sign-language translations can reveal about Jesus and biblical characters. They also explore fascinating examples involving forgiveness, pronouns, John the Baptist, and the meaning of logos in John 1:1.

The episode also considers how global Bible translations challenge the assumption that there is always one simple interpretation of a biblical passage, while still affirming that interpretation is grounded in the biblical text. Ultimately, this conversation offers a fresh perspective on Bible translation, biblical interpretation, language, theology, and the global church.

Helpful resources:

CT article about sign languages https://www.christianitytoday.com/2025/01/sign-language-bible-translations-matthew-15-mark-2/

TIPs - Johns the Baptist: https://tips.translation.bible/tip_verse/matt-412/

TIPs - current lectionary illustrations: https://tips.translation.bible/lectionary/current/

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Bible translation and Jost Zetzsche

02:22 The problem with exclusive reliance on original languages

04:10 The global church and the richness of translation

06:00 Language as a reflection of cultural reality

08:23 The translatability of the Bible and the act of translation

10:38 The significance of making the Bible made to be translated

12:02 The translatability of Jesus and the significance for Christianity

14:06 Translations into media and depictions of Jesus

17:07 Sign language as a rich expressive language

22:17 The expressive power of sign language in biblical stories

28:22 The diversity of sign languages and their biblical translations

35:40 Understanding grammatical nuances and context in translation

42:23 The importance of multiple translations for biblical interpretation

47:10 The significance of different biblical canons and texts

50:41 Using translation data to enrich preaching and teaching

53:20 Practical applications of translation tools in ministry

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This episode explores the life, scholarship, and theological legacy of biblical scholar Michael Heiser, best known for his work on the Divine Council worldview and the biblical unseen realm. Dru Johnson speaks with Mike Chu about Heiser’s academic background, his work with Logos Bible Software, his approach to critical and evangelical biblical scholarship, and the development of AWKNG School.

The conversation examines what Heiser meant by the Divine Council worldview and why he believed the biblical authors understood the unseen realm as a genuine reality that interacts with the physical world. Mike Chu explains Heiser’s approach to passages involving the sons of God, Elohim, angels, demons, and the Divine Council, while also discussing how Heiser distinguished careful biblical scholarship from conspiracy theories and speculative interpretations.

The episode also considers Heiser’s influence as a teacher and his commitment to helping people ask difficult questions about Scripture. Finally, the discussion turns to theosis, resurrection, Revelation, the new heavens and new earth, and Heiser’s understanding of humanity’s future participation in God’s divine council.

The episode offers an accessible introduction to Michael Heiser’s scholarship, theology, and lasting influence on biblical studies.

Check out AWKNG courses here: https://awkng.com/

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Michael Heiser and his scholarship

01:51 Heiser's background in Semitic languages and his journey to Logos

03:55 Critical scholarship and evangelical faith in Heiser's work

07:12 The divine counsel worldview explained

10:04 Heiser's move to Florida and the founding of Awakening School

12:01 Heiser's battle with cancer and his final message

15:01 Heiser's personal qualities and impact on students

17:59 Understanding angels and spiritual beings in Scripture

21:03 The significance of the divine counsel for modern believers

24:01 Heiser's nuanced approach to biblical interpretation

26:55 The role of the divine council in eschatology and the future

30:05 Heiser's influence on biblical scholarship and popular theology

35:13 The legacy of Michael Heiser and ongoing influence

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What does the Bible say about individual responsibility, corporate responsibility, and systemic sin? Can someone be responsible for wrongdoing they did not personally commit? And how should Christians think about systemic racial injustice, repentance, and reparations?

In this episode of the Biblical Mind Podcast, Mike Tolliver speaks with Dr. Andy Everhart about the biblical relationship between individual and communal responsibility. Drawing from examples including Achan, King Josiah, John the Baptist, and Paul’s instructions to the Corinthian church, they explore how Scripture presents sin as something that can affect entire communities—not simply the individual who commits an act.

Everhart distinguishes between guilt and responsibility, arguing that people may inherit responsibilities through their relationships and membership in communities without necessarily inheriting guilt for another person’s actions. The conversation applies this framework to contemporary questions surrounding systemic racism and racial injustice, including the responsibilities of people who become members of communities shaped by historical wrongdoing.

The discussion also considers the relationship between repentance and reparative action, asking whether genuine repentance requires more than acknowledging wrongdoing and whether repairing damage can be a necessary response to injustice.

Ultimately, this episode offers a biblical framework for thinking about sin, community, responsibility, justice, reconciliation, and the ways individual actions can shape—and be shaped by—the communities around us.

Link to article mentioned in podcast: "Communal Reconciliation: Corporate Responsibility and Opposition to Systemic Sin" https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijst.12570

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to systemic and individual sin

03:52 Western individualism versus global perspectives on sin

07:59 Biblical examples of corporate and individual responsibility

12:05 Responsibility in the Old Testament: Achan and Josiah

16:54 Responsibility and guilt: Paul and the Corinthian church

21:59 Systemic sin and personal responsibility in modern context

29:51 The role of community in shaping responsibility

40:00 Responsibility and reparative action in racial injustice

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How should Christians think about war, conflict, justice, and peace in a world filled with competing narratives and seemingly endless complexity? In this episode, Dru Johnson talks with peacebuilding practitioner and political scientist Austin Knuppe about how Scripture, intellectual humility, lament, and Christian realism can shape the way Christians respond to global conflict.

Knuppe explains why biblical lament can provide an important framework for responding to injustice without demanding simplistic answers to suffering. He also discusses motivated reasoning, confirmation bias, and the danger of reducing complicated conflicts to narratives of obvious heroes and villains. Drawing from his experience in Rwanda, northern Iraq, and the broader field of peacebuilding, Knuppe explores the difficult work of rebuilding social cohesion after violence, including restoring trust, addressing trauma, and pursuing reconciliation.

The conversation also examines Israel and Palestine, Gaza, Russia and Ukraine, U.S. foreign policy, restorative justice, international aid, and the limits of applying one peacebuilding model to every conflict. Knuppe argues for intellectual hospitality, careful attention to local voices, and a willingness to say “I don’t know” while still pursuing wise and practical action.

For Christians seeking a thoughtful biblical and political perspective on war, peace, justice, reconciliation, and international conflict, this conversation offers a challenging alternative to simplistic answers.

Learn more about Dr. Knuppe at his website: https://www.austinknuppe.com/

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Dr. Austin Nuppy and the episode's focus

02:16 The practice of lament and its significance in faith and conflict

03:22 The challenge of seeking certainty in understanding conflicts

04:08 Narratives, motivated reasoning, and their impact on conflict perception

06:25 Approaching conflict with humility and good faith engagement

10:07 Memory, history, and bearing witness in conflict zones

15:03 The importance of wisdom and discernment in justice and peace

21:15 Strategies for peacebuilding and social cohesion in Iraq

24:17 The role of local trust and grassroots initiatives in reconciliation

27:09 Challenges of justice, accountability, and structural constraints

34:30 The complexity of ongoing conflicts and the limits of models

41:34 US foreign policy levers and the Christian approach to peace

52:53 Balancing ground-up and top-down peace strategies

54:54 The limits of idealism and the importance of realism in conflict

55:58 The human cost of aid and the peace industry

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In this episode, Dru Johnson continues a challenging conversation about Israel, Palestine, Gaza, Hamas, Zionism, and Christian Zionism with Bruce N. Fisk and Daniel Bannoura. The discussion examines competing narratives about the history of Israel and Palestine and asks how Christians should think about the ongoing conflict.

Fisk and Bannoura critique what they describe as the dominant Israeli and Christian Zionist narratives, particularly their treatment of Palestinian history, the Nakba, the occupation, and Palestinian claims to national identity and self-determination. They also explore how Zionism has developed historically and discuss different forms of Jewish nationalism, including political, cultural, and binational approaches.

The conversation then turns to Gaza and Hamas, including questions surrounding violence, collective punishment, international law, and the use of terms such as genocide and apartheid. Bannoura offers a theological and historical analysis of Hamas, acknowledging the problems with its early rhetoric while emphasizing the importance of understanding the political conditions and experiences that contributed to its rise.

Finally, Fisk discusses the book Being Christian After the Desolation of Gaza and its call for Christians to move beyond simplistic binaries and engage more seriously with questions of peace, justice, Palestinian rights, Israel, and Christian theology.

Dr Bannoura and Dr. Fisk are responding to this episode: https://thebiblicalmind.org/podcast/israel-palestine-conflict-more-complicated-than-you-think/

Buy the book here:

https://wipfandstock.com/9798385254859/being-christian-after-the-desolation-of-gaza/

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction and episode overview

01:12 Bruce Fisk summarizes the Israeli narrative

03:36 Discussion of Gaza and international law

05:01 Reflections on narratives and historical perspectives

07:16 Orientalist discourse and Palestinian history

09:38 The Nakba and Palestinian identity

11:00 Zionism, land, and international law

12:28 Critique of Zionist narratives and bias

15:10 Zionism, transfer, and ethnic cleansing

17:45 International law, UN resolutions, and legal issues

19:02 Netanyahu's Zionism and security focus

20:53 Israeli security fears and victimhood

22:21 The book project and its goals

37:26 Hamas, resistance, and evolution

50:36 The development of Hamas and its political stance

55:42 Militancy, resistance, and historical parallels

01:00:23 The Christian critique of Israel and Palestine

01:02:10 The future of a Jewish state and democratic solutions

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What does it mean to be a good man? In this episode, Dru Johnson talks with Professor Nancy Pearcey about masculinity, toxic masculinity, feminism, fatherhood, Christianity, and the cultural forces that have shaped modern ideas about men.

Pearcey explains why she wrote her book on masculinity after seeing increasingly hostile portrayals of men in popular culture and explores the deeper history behind these attitudes. Rather than tracing hostility toward men only to second-wave feminism, she argues that its roots extend back to the Industrial Revolution and changing ideas about work, family, masculinity, and human nature.

The conversation examines how Darwinism and evolutionary psychology have contributed to negative cultural scripts about male aggression, sexuality, and dominance—and how those ideas can help explain the appeal of figures such as Andrew Tate. Pearcey also discusses research suggesting that Christian men can be loving husbands, engaged fathers, and committed family members.

The episode explores the importance of recovering a healthier vision of biblical masculinity centered on responsibility, virtue, service, protection, provision, fatherhood, and family. It also considers how working from home, integrating family and work, and reconnecting fathers with their children could help reshape modern family life.

Order Professor Nancy Pearcey's book here: https://bakerpublishinggroup.com/products/9780801075735_the-toxic-war-on-masculinity

Professor Nancy Pearcey's website: https://www.nancypearcey.com/

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Chapters

00:00 — Covenant, new Christians, and the intellectual questions nobody knew how to answer

02:19 — How the conversation will work and why the book matters

04:04 — Why Pearcey wrote the book after seeing anti-male rhetoric everywhere

06:38 — Abuse, feminism, and moving from blame to healing

09:06 — Anti-male language before the 20th century

11:50 — Darwinism, social Darwinism, and the “beast within” script

13:44 — Andrew Tate as a popularizer of older intellectual ideas

16:16 — The universal “three Ps” of masculinity: provide, protect, procreate

18:11 — The difference between the “good man” and the “real man”

21:23 — Why empirical research matters for claims about Christian men

22:21 — What the studies say about evangelical husbands and fathers

25:26 — Why churches often discourage men instead of encouraging them

27:24 — How the Industrial Revolution changed fathers and family life

34:39 — Pandemic remote work and fathers getting closer to their children

36:24 — Work, family, and the real-life benefits of flexibility

40:36 — Men on the daddy track and the cost of choosing family

43:08 — Bringing work home for women and the recovery of integrated family life

47:16 — Millennials and Gen Z want a more integrated life

48:45 — What Pearcey means by secular and how the split developed

50:55 — The historical reversal that made women seem morally superior

53:13 — The double standard in dating and the pressure on women to police men

55:25 — Why the title is controversial and how people misread the book

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What does it mean to believe something—and can we genuinely believe while also experiencing doubt? In this episode of the Center for Hebraic Thought and the Biblical Mind Podcast, Mike Tolliver talks with philosopher Dr. Joshua Mugg about his book From Human Reasoning to Belief and his alternative to the influential “dual process” theory of human reasoning.

Mugg explains why he rejects the idea that the mind is simply divided between fast, intuitive thinking and slow, rational thinking. Instead, he proposes that human reasoning operates across multiple dimensions, allowing us to adjust how we think, gather evidence, recruit other beliefs, and repeatedly reconsider our conclusions.

The conversation then explores how this account of human cognition helps illuminate one of the Bible’s most intriguing statements: “I believe; help my unbelief” in the Gospel of Mark. Mugg’s theory of fragmented belief suggests that people can hold different beliefs within distinct cognitive contexts, helping explain how faith and doubt can coexist.

Mike and Josh also discuss anxiety, emotion and reasoning, conspiracy theories, religious belief, deconstruction, Michael Polanyi, Esther Meek, the relationship between faith and certainty, and whether faith will remain in the eschaton. This wide-ranging conversation offers a fresh perspective on belief, doubt, faith, and what it means to know.

Buy Dr. Mugg's book here: https://www.routledge.com/From-Human-Reasoning-to-Belief-An-Empirical-Account/Mugg/p/book/9781032736952

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Dr. Mugg and the focus on belief

01:02 Dr. Mugg's background and academic journey

02:37 From theology to philosophy: questions of knowledge

04:24 Overview of dual process theory in reasoning

05:55 Critique of dual process theory and its messiness

07:41 An alternative to dual process theory: a soundboard model

11:16 Rerunning reasoning in everyday life and decision making

15:50 The biblical story of the father and Jesus' response

19:59 Fragmentation of belief and domain-specific reasoning

24:02 Belief in the context of ancient Israel and religious practices

27:14 Conspiracy theories and reasoning patterns

31:01 The role of emotion in reasoning and belief

33:23 Faith, hope, and love in the eschaton

36:10 Personal journey and influence of Polanyi and Meek

39:33 Christian philosophy and naturalistic methodology

42:58 The relationship between faith and belief in biblical and philosophical context

44:46 Conclusion and future discussions

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How is technology shaping the way we live, relate to one another, and understand what it means to be human? In this episode, Dru Johnson talks with sociologist Dr. Felicia Song about digital technology, AI, social media, Christian discipleship, and the spiritual consequences of living in a world of constant connection.

Song argues that Christians should resist both technological hype and fearmongering and instead develop a more thoughtful, historically informed approach to digital culture. Rather than simply asking whether technology is “good” or “bad,” she encourages us to consider what our devices are actually doing to our relationships, habits, attention, and embodied experience.

The conversation explores social media and mental health, AI companionship, the potential displacement of human relationships, and the ways technology is reshaping churches and Christian communities. Song also challenges Christians to reconsider whether Sunday worship should be one of the few places where people can put their devices away and genuinely rest.

Drawing on the Christian contemplative tradition of silence and stillness, Song suggests that spiritual maturity in the digital age may require learning how to disconnect, be present, and recover forms of human connection that technology cannot replace.

See more of Dr. Song's work here: https://feliciawusong.com/

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to the discussion on technology and human experience

04:00 The importance of historical perspective in understanding tech

06:16 The investment in human evolution and technological possibilities

07:52 Technology as a variable in human relationships and self-understanding

10:08 The neurological and phenomenological effects of digital interaction

12:22 The impact of mediated interactions on human experience

14:22 The social and cultural variability in felt experiences

16:40 Imagination and the inability to conceive of a tech-free life

18:24 Using movies and stories to understand different digital experiences

20:44 Young people's resignation and the influence of tech industry narratives

22:18 Historical changes in societal attitudes towards technology

24:20 The analogy of safety belts and cultural change

27:29 Advocacy and community action in digital ethics

28:56 Analog experiences and community building through low-tech practices

30:27 The value of silence and stillness in spiritual maturity

36:32 The societal effects of AI companionship and therapeutic uses

38:02 The role of churches and spiritual spaces in digital life

40:12 Church as a space for digital detox and spiritual rest

43:20 The importance of stillness and silence in Christian practice

45:59 The transformative power of contemplative practices in a digital age

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What did the Puritans really believe about the Old Testament, Mosaic law, Jews, and Israel? In this episode of the Biblical Mind Podcast, historian Dr. Yisroel Benporat explores the fascinating and often misunderstood relationship between Puritan theology and the Hebrew Bible.

Benporat explains why Puritans attempted to apply biblical judicial laws to early American society, including laws concerning adultery, the Sabbath, and criminal punishment. He unpacks the distinction between moral, ceremonial, and judicial law and shows how Puritan thinkers wrestled with the relationship between the Old and New Testaments.

The conversation also challenges the popular myth that Puritans were essentially “quasi-Jews.” Although Puritans were deeply fascinated by Hebrew Scripture and Jewish texts, their views of contemporary Jews were shaped by Christian supersessionism and a strong desire for Jewish conversion.

Finally, Benporat examines Puritan eschatology and the restoration of Israel, exploring why some scholars see connections between Puritan thought and later Christian Zionism. The episode concludes by considering what Puritanism can teach us about biblical interpretation, Christian nationalism, theocracy, Jewish-Christian relations, and the enduring Hebraic roots of Christianity.

For Dr. Yisroel Benporat's website Click Here

Helpful Resources: "How Far Moses Judicialls Bind Mass[achusetts]" (ca. 1643), "John Cotton’s Treatise on the Duration of the Lord’s Day" (1611) , "Legislating the Lord's Day"

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Puritans' biblical interpretation

02:26 Yisrael Ben Parat's interest in Puritan New England

03:26 Puritan laws: adultery and capital punishment

06:46 Sabbath laws and biblical prohibitions

08:17 Puritan use of scripture as political model

11:36 Puritan views on Sabbath and Old Testament laws

14:29 Categories of Mosaic law: moral, ceremonial, judicial

16:21 Puritans' application of judicial laws

21:13 Hermeneutic of continuity and abrogation in Puritan law

24:10 Puritans' view of Jews and anti-Semitism

27:29 Replacement theology and Puritan eschatology

36:55 Puritan eschatological visions and Christian Zionism

44:40 Puritans' objectification of Jews and cultural views

49:36 Modern resurgence of Puritanism and its implications

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How should Christians study the Bible? Does Scripture itself teach us how it should be read? In this episode of The Biblical Mind, Dru Johnson is joined by Dr. Gary Edward Schnittjer, distinguished professor of Old Testament for Cairn Theological Seminary at Cairn University, to discuss his new book, Connected: How Scripture Guides the Study of Scripture. Together they explore why the Bible should be interpreted on its own terms rather than through modern assumptions, and how the biblical authors model faithful reading of Scripture itself.

The conversation begins with the challenges of teaching today's college students, biblical literacy, and how classroom practices have changed over the past three decades. From there, Schnittjer explains why the Bible's literary artistry, historical context, and overarching narrative are essential for understanding God's revelation. Rather than treating Scripture as isolated verses, he argues that the Bible presents one unified story centered on God's covenant relationship with humanity through Jesus Christ.

Along the way, Dru and Gary discuss intertextuality, the importance of reading biblical books within their historical setting, why ancient treaties help illuminate covenant language, and even why Nehemiah might be "the first American" in the Bible. This episode offers practical wisdom for pastors, students, and everyday readers who want to read the Bible more faithfully and discover how Scripture itself teaches us to study Scripture.

Order Dr. Schnittjer's new book, Connected: How Scripture Guides the Study of Scripture: https://bhacademic.bhpublishinggroup.com/product/connected

See more from Dr. Schnittjer at his Substack: https://CarpentersStudent.com

Contact us at The Biblical Mind: Click Here

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction and podcast format

01:32 Primary hurdles in biblical teaching

02:35 Changes in seminary and college classrooms

04:03 Teaching biblical discovery to college students

07:02 Adapting teaching methods for modern students

10:36 Classroom dynamics and student engagement

13:33 The impact of technology and culture on biblical understanding

17:50 Using treaties to understand biblical covenants

21:07 The significance of Jesus as a connection maker

26:36 The metaphor of connectedness in Scripture

30:28 Visualizing the biblical story as a scroll

34:31 The importance of genre and context in Scripture

40:07 The role of historical background in biblical interpretation

45:36 Developing biblical wisdom through diverse genres

50:52 Nehemiah as an American archetype

54:18 Closing remarks and book recommendations

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