The Biblical Mind

In this episode, Dru Johnson continues a challenging conversation about Israel, Palestine, Gaza, Hamas, Zionism, and Christian Zionism with Bruce N. Fisk and Daniel Bannoura. The discussion examines competing narratives about the history of Israel and Palestine and asks how Christians should think about the ongoing conflict.

Fisk and Bannoura critique what they describe as the dominant Israeli and Christian Zionist narratives, particularly their treatment of Palestinian history, the Nakba, the occupation, and Palestinian claims to national identity and self-determination. They also explore how Zionism has developed historically and discuss different forms of Jewish nationalism, including political, cultural, and binational approaches.

The conversation then turns to Gaza and Hamas, including questions surrounding violence, collective punishment, international law, and the use of terms such as genocide and apartheid. Bannoura offers a theological and historical analysis of Hamas, acknowledging the problems with its early rhetoric while emphasizing the importance of understanding the political conditions and experiences that contributed to its rise.

Finally, Fisk discusses the book Being Christian After the Desolation of Gaza and its call for Christians to move beyond simplistic binaries and engage more seriously with questions of peace, justice, Palestinian rights, Israel, and Christian theology.

Dr Bannoura and Dr. Fisk are responding to this episode: https://thebiblicalmind.org/podcast/israel-palestine-conflict-more-complicated-than-you-think/

Buy the book here:

https://wipfandstock.com/9798385254859/being-christian-after-the-desolation-of-gaza/

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction and episode overview

01:12 Bruce Fisk summarizes the Israeli narrative

03:36 Discussion of Gaza and international law

05:01 Reflections on narratives and historical perspectives

07:16 Orientalist discourse and Palestinian history

09:38 The Nakba and Palestinian identity

11:00 Zionism, land, and international law

12:28 Critique of Zionist narratives and bias

15:10 Zionism, transfer, and ethnic cleansing

17:45 International law, UN resolutions, and legal issues

19:02 Netanyahu's Zionism and security focus

20:53 Israeli security fears and victimhood

22:21 The book project and its goals

37:26 Hamas, resistance, and evolution

50:36 The development of Hamas and its political stance

55:42 Militancy, resistance, and historical parallels

01:00:23 The Christian critique of Israel and Palestine

01:02:10 The future of a Jewish state and democratic solutions

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What does it mean to be a good man? In this episode, Dru Johnson talks with Professor Nancy Pearcey about masculinity, toxic masculinity, feminism, fatherhood, Christianity, and the cultural forces that have shaped modern ideas about men.

Pearcey explains why she wrote her book on masculinity after seeing increasingly hostile portrayals of men in popular culture and explores the deeper history behind these attitudes. Rather than tracing hostility toward men only to second-wave feminism, she argues that its roots extend back to the Industrial Revolution and changing ideas about work, family, masculinity, and human nature.

The conversation examines how Darwinism and evolutionary psychology have contributed to negative cultural scripts about male aggression, sexuality, and dominance—and how those ideas can help explain the appeal of figures such as Andrew Tate. Pearcey also discusses research suggesting that Christian men can be loving husbands, engaged fathers, and committed family members.

The episode explores the importance of recovering a healthier vision of biblical masculinity centered on responsibility, virtue, service, protection, provision, fatherhood, and family. It also considers how working from home, integrating family and work, and reconnecting fathers with their children could help reshape modern family life.

Order Professor Nancy Pearcey's book here: https://bakerpublishinggroup.com/products/9780801075735_the-toxic-war-on-masculinity

Professor Nancy Pearcey's website: https://www.nancypearcey.com/

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Chapters

00:00 — Covenant, new Christians, and the intellectual questions nobody knew how to answer

02:19 — How the conversation will work and why the book matters

04:04 — Why Pearcey wrote the book after seeing anti-male rhetoric everywhere

06:38 — Abuse, feminism, and moving from blame to healing

09:06 — Anti-male language before the 20th century

11:50 — Darwinism, social Darwinism, and the “beast within” script

13:44 — Andrew Tate as a popularizer of older intellectual ideas

16:16 — The universal “three Ps” of masculinity: provide, protect, procreate

18:11 — The difference between the “good man” and the “real man”

21:23 — Why empirical research matters for claims about Christian men

22:21 — What the studies say about evangelical husbands and fathers

25:26 — Why churches often discourage men instead of encouraging them

27:24 — How the Industrial Revolution changed fathers and family life

34:39 — Pandemic remote work and fathers getting closer to their children

36:24 — Work, family, and the real-life benefits of flexibility

40:36 — Men on the daddy track and the cost of choosing family

43:08 — Bringing work home for women and the recovery of integrated family life

47:16 — Millennials and Gen Z want a more integrated life

48:45 — What Pearcey means by secular and how the split developed

50:55 — The historical reversal that made women seem morally superior

53:13 — The double standard in dating and the pressure on women to police men

55:25 — Why the title is controversial and how people misread the book

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What does it mean to believe something—and can we genuinely believe while also experiencing doubt? In this episode of the Center for Hebraic Thought and the Biblical Mind Podcast, Mike Tolliver talks with philosopher Dr. Joshua Mugg about his book From Human Reasoning to Belief and his alternative to the influential “dual process” theory of human reasoning.

Mugg explains why he rejects the idea that the mind is simply divided between fast, intuitive thinking and slow, rational thinking. Instead, he proposes that human reasoning operates across multiple dimensions, allowing us to adjust how we think, gather evidence, recruit other beliefs, and repeatedly reconsider our conclusions.

The conversation then explores how this account of human cognition helps illuminate one of the Bible’s most intriguing statements: “I believe; help my unbelief” in the Gospel of Mark. Mugg’s theory of fragmented belief suggests that people can hold different beliefs within distinct cognitive contexts, helping explain how faith and doubt can coexist.

Mike and Josh also discuss anxiety, emotion and reasoning, conspiracy theories, religious belief, deconstruction, Michael Polanyi, Esther Meek, the relationship between faith and certainty, and whether faith will remain in the eschaton. This wide-ranging conversation offers a fresh perspective on belief, doubt, faith, and what it means to know.

Buy Dr. Mugg's book here: https://www.routledge.com/From-Human-Reasoning-to-Belief-An-Empirical-Account/Mugg/p/book/9781032736952

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Dr. Mugg and the focus on belief

01:02 Dr. Mugg's background and academic journey

02:37 From theology to philosophy: questions of knowledge

04:24 Overview of dual process theory in reasoning

05:55 Critique of dual process theory and its messiness

07:41 An alternative to dual process theory: a soundboard model

11:16 Rerunning reasoning in everyday life and decision making

15:50 The biblical story of the father and Jesus' response

19:59 Fragmentation of belief and domain-specific reasoning

24:02 Belief in the context of ancient Israel and religious practices

27:14 Conspiracy theories and reasoning patterns

31:01 The role of emotion in reasoning and belief

33:23 Faith, hope, and love in the eschaton

36:10 Personal journey and influence of Polanyi and Meek

39:33 Christian philosophy and naturalistic methodology

42:58 The relationship between faith and belief in biblical and philosophical context

44:46 Conclusion and future discussions

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How is technology shaping the way we live, relate to one another, and understand what it means to be human? In this episode, Dru Johnson talks with sociologist Dr. Felicia Song about digital technology, AI, social media, Christian discipleship, and the spiritual consequences of living in a world of constant connection.

Song argues that Christians should resist both technological hype and fearmongering and instead develop a more thoughtful, historically informed approach to digital culture. Rather than simply asking whether technology is “good” or “bad,” she encourages us to consider what our devices are actually doing to our relationships, habits, attention, and embodied experience.

The conversation explores social media and mental health, AI companionship, the potential displacement of human relationships, and the ways technology is reshaping churches and Christian communities. Song also challenges Christians to reconsider whether Sunday worship should be one of the few places where people can put their devices away and genuinely rest.

Drawing on the Christian contemplative tradition of silence and stillness, Song suggests that spiritual maturity in the digital age may require learning how to disconnect, be present, and recover forms of human connection that technology cannot replace.

See more of Dr. Song's work here: https://feliciawusong.com/

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to the discussion on technology and human experience

04:00 The importance of historical perspective in understanding tech

06:16 The investment in human evolution and technological possibilities

07:52 Technology as a variable in human relationships and self-understanding

10:08 The neurological and phenomenological effects of digital interaction

12:22 The impact of mediated interactions on human experience

14:22 The social and cultural variability in felt experiences

16:40 Imagination and the inability to conceive of a tech-free life

18:24 Using movies and stories to understand different digital experiences

20:44 Young people's resignation and the influence of tech industry narratives

22:18 Historical changes in societal attitudes towards technology

24:20 The analogy of safety belts and cultural change

27:29 Advocacy and community action in digital ethics

28:56 Analog experiences and community building through low-tech practices

30:27 The value of silence and stillness in spiritual maturity

36:32 The societal effects of AI companionship and therapeutic uses

38:02 The role of churches and spiritual spaces in digital life

40:12 Church as a space for digital detox and spiritual rest

43:20 The importance of stillness and silence in Christian practice

45:59 The transformative power of contemplative practices in a digital age

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What did the Puritans really believe about the Old Testament, Mosaic law, Jews, and Israel? In this episode of the Biblical Mind Podcast, historian Dr. Yisroel Benporat explores the fascinating and often misunderstood relationship between Puritan theology and the Hebrew Bible.

Benporat explains why Puritans attempted to apply biblical judicial laws to early American society, including laws concerning adultery, the Sabbath, and criminal punishment. He unpacks the distinction between moral, ceremonial, and judicial law and shows how Puritan thinkers wrestled with the relationship between the Old and New Testaments.

The conversation also challenges the popular myth that Puritans were essentially “quasi-Jews.” Although Puritans were deeply fascinated by Hebrew Scripture and Jewish texts, their views of contemporary Jews were shaped by Christian supersessionism and a strong desire for Jewish conversion.

Finally, Benporat examines Puritan eschatology and the restoration of Israel, exploring why some scholars see connections between Puritan thought and later Christian Zionism. The episode concludes by considering what Puritanism can teach us about biblical interpretation, Christian nationalism, theocracy, Jewish-Christian relations, and the enduring Hebraic roots of Christianity.

For Dr. Yisroel Benporat's website Click Here

Helpful Resources: "How Far Moses Judicialls Bind Mass[achusetts]" (ca. 1643), "John Cotton’s Treatise on the Duration of the Lord’s Day" (1611) , "Legislating the Lord's Day"

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Puritans' biblical interpretation

02:26 Yisrael Ben Parat's interest in Puritan New England

03:26 Puritan laws: adultery and capital punishment

06:46 Sabbath laws and biblical prohibitions

08:17 Puritan use of scripture as political model

11:36 Puritan views on Sabbath and Old Testament laws

14:29 Categories of Mosaic law: moral, ceremonial, judicial

16:21 Puritans' application of judicial laws

21:13 Hermeneutic of continuity and abrogation in Puritan law

24:10 Puritans' view of Jews and anti-Semitism

27:29 Replacement theology and Puritan eschatology

36:55 Puritan eschatological visions and Christian Zionism

44:40 Puritans' objectification of Jews and cultural views

49:36 Modern resurgence of Puritanism and its implications

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How should Christians study the Bible? Does Scripture itself teach us how it should be read? In this episode of The Biblical Mind, Dru Johnson is joined by Dr. Gary Edward Schnittjer, distinguished professor of Old Testament for Cairn Theological Seminary at Cairn University, to discuss his new book, Connected: How Scripture Guides the Study of Scripture. Together they explore why the Bible should be interpreted on its own terms rather than through modern assumptions, and how the biblical authors model faithful reading of Scripture itself.

The conversation begins with the challenges of teaching today's college students, biblical literacy, and how classroom practices have changed over the past three decades. From there, Schnittjer explains why the Bible's literary artistry, historical context, and overarching narrative are essential for understanding God's revelation. Rather than treating Scripture as isolated verses, he argues that the Bible presents one unified story centered on God's covenant relationship with humanity through Jesus Christ.

Along the way, Dru and Gary discuss intertextuality, the importance of reading biblical books within their historical setting, why ancient treaties help illuminate covenant language, and even why Nehemiah might be "the first American" in the Bible. This episode offers practical wisdom for pastors, students, and everyday readers who want to read the Bible more faithfully and discover how Scripture itself teaches us to study Scripture.

Order Dr. Schnittjer's new book, Connected: How Scripture Guides the Study of Scripture: https://bhacademic.bhpublishinggroup.com/product/connected

See more from Dr. Schnittjer at his Substack: https://CarpentersStudent.com

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction and podcast format

01:32 Primary hurdles in biblical teaching

02:35 Changes in seminary and college classrooms

04:03 Teaching biblical discovery to college students

07:02 Adapting teaching methods for modern students

10:36 Classroom dynamics and student engagement

13:33 The impact of technology and culture on biblical understanding

17:50 Using treaties to understand biblical covenants

21:07 The significance of Jesus as a connection maker

26:36 The metaphor of connectedness in Scripture

30:28 Visualizing the biblical story as a scroll

34:31 The importance of genre and context in Scripture

40:07 The role of historical background in biblical interpretation

45:36 Developing biblical wisdom through diverse genres

50:52 Nehemiah as an American archetype

54:18 Closing remarks and book recommendations

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Dr. Robert Joustra joins The Biblical Mind Podcast to explore one of the most neglected questions in Christian ethics: What does the Bible have to say about international politics? Beginning with difficult questions like the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Joustra argues that Christians need more than political pragmatism—they need a distinctly biblical framework for thinking about war, diplomacy, justice, nationalism, and global responsibility.

Drawing from the theological tradition of Augustine, Calvin, and Abraham Kuyper, Joustra explains how concepts like just war theory, ordered loves, sphere sovereignty, and the common good help Christians navigate today's geopolitical challenges. The conversation examines whether Scripture speaks to foreign policy, how the prophets shape our understanding of nations, and why political power must always remain penultimate to the kingship of Christ.

The discussion also engages contemporary debates surrounding nationalism, empire, immigration, religious identity, and the American political experiment, offering a thoughtful Christian response to the complexities of modern international relations.

Whether you're interested in biblical theology, political philosophy, Christian ethics, or global affairs, this episode provides a rich introduction to thinking faithfully about the nations, justice, and the role of Christians in an increasingly interconnected world. 

Order Dr. Joustra's new book: (Click Here)

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Robert Joustra and his book

01:52 The significance of 40-minute podcasts for engagement

03:55 Joustra's background and the genesis of his book

07:13 The impact of 9/11 on Christian political thought

09:57 The biblical basis for justice and international relations

14:59 The influence of Neo-Calvinism and the tradition of Kuyper and Calvin

19:54 The relationship between land, language, and culture in identity

24:53 Empire versus nation: Hazony's perspective and Joustra's critique

30:06 The importance of rightly ordered loves in politics

35:14 The role of scripture, prophets, and realism in international relations

40:07 The American experiment and its unique identity

44:45 The significance of geography and land in national identity

50:00 The future of nations and the importance of proximate goods

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Faith deconstruction has become one of the defining conversations in modern Christianity—but what does it actually mean to deconstruct your faith? In this episode of The Biblical Mind Podcast, Dru Johnson sits down with pastor, YouTuber, and book reviewer Joel Wentz to explore why so many Christians are questioning their beliefs and how those questions can lead to deeper spiritual maturity rather than cynicism.

Drawing from his own experience growing up in evangelical Christianity, Joel shares how wrestling with doctrines like hell, eschatology, and biblical interpretation led him through a season of deconstruction before discovering a richer understanding of historic Christian faith. Together, Dru and Joel discuss the difference between sincere faith exploration and tearing down beliefs for their own sake, the role of church culture and church hurt, why asking difficult questions is deeply biblical, and how the Nicene Creed and church history provide stability amid uncertainty.

The conversation also explores theological humility, the importance of Christian tradition, the dangers of intellectual arrogance, and how pastors, churches, and Christian communities can create safe spaces for honest questions without abandoning biblical orthodoxy.

Whether you're personally deconstructing your faith, walking alongside someone who is, or simply want to understand one of today's most important conversations in Christianity, this episode offers thoughtful, compassionate, and biblically grounded wisdom.

Visit Joel's youtube channel (Click Here), or his Patreon (Click Here)

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Chapters:

00:00 Introduction to Deconstruction and Faith

04:56 Different Understandings of Deconstruction

06:03 Interrogating Inherited Beliefs Without Negativity

08:16 Biblical Questions and Cultural Fears

09:39 The Skeptical Mood of Scripture

10:53 Questioning in the Bible: Examples from Scripture

12:26 Personal Stories of Faith and Questioning

16:30 Deconstruction of Eschatology and Hope

19:11 The Compelling Vision of the Renewed Earth

21:24 The Impact of Eschatology on Personal Hope

23:42 Starting the YouTube Journey During COVID

25:03 Sharing Faith and Books Online

27:24 Encouraging Questions and Faith in Community

28:51 Balancing Questions and Faithful Answers

30:38 The Dangers of Going to Foundations Without Humility

31:48 The Role of Sincerity and Humility in Deconstruction

33:10 The Pool Analogy: Standing in the Water

34:41 Rich Christian Thought on Deconstruction Questions

36:24 Historical Answers to Faith Questions

38:31 Healing Through Confession and Love

40:30 Trust and Gentle Care in Discipleship

42:00 The Continuum of Beliefs and Non-negotiables

44:32 The Nicene Creed and Core Doctrines

45:58 Evolving Views on Doctrine of Hell

49:00 The Journey from Open Theism to Classical Theism

52:31 The Impact of Doctrine on Prayer and Spiritual Life

55:09 The Richness of Christian Thought and Tradition

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Dr. Michael W. Austin is a Professor of Philosophy at Eastern Kentucky University, an author, and a speaker. He has published 12 books; most recently, he co-edited and contributed to QAnon, Chaos, and the Cross: Christianity and Conspiracy Theories.

Most of his teaching, writing, and speaking is focused on ethical questions related to character and human flourishing. He believes that philosophy has much to offer us, in our individual, social, and spiritual lives. For many years, he's also been a speaker for the Kentucky Humanities Council, and he contributes to a blog for Psychology Today, “Ethics for Everyone.” 

The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the world's most complex and emotionally charged issues—but how should Christians think about it with both historical honesty and theological humility?

In this episode of The Biblical Mind Podcast, Dru Johnson welcomes Robert Nicholson for a thoughtful response to a previous conversation about Being Christian After the Desolation of Gaza. Together, they explore competing historical narratives surrounding Israel, Palestine, Zionism, Hamas, the Oslo peace process, and the lasting impact of October 7. Rather than reducing the conflict to political slogans, they examine the fears, aspirations, and failures on both sides while asking what responsible Christian engagement should look like.

The conversation addresses difficult questions about Palestinian leadership, Israeli security concerns, Christian perspectives on nationalism, colonialism, and violence, as well as the role of Palestinian Christians within a predominantly Jewish-Muslim conflict. Throughout, Robert argues that genuine understanding requires careful attention to history, humility in theological judgment, and a commitment to seeking peace without ignoring reality.

Whether you're wrestling with Christian ethics, biblical theology, Middle East history, or contemporary geopolitics, this episode offers a nuanced framework for thinking beyond headlines and ideological caricatures toward wisdom, empathy, and faithful discipleship.

Listen to the episode Robert is responding to: Click Here

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Chapters:

00:00 Understanding the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

03:45 The Role of Christians in the Holy Land

06:14 Perceptions and Misconceptions of American Christians

10:03 The Complexity of Palestinian Sentiments

14:04 The Impact of Leadership on Peace Efforts

15:21 Historical Context of the Conflict

18:57 The Need for Strong Leadership

21:51 Fear and Victimhood in the Conflict

25:11 Breaking the Cycle of Violence

28:05 The Path Forward for Peace

40:48 Crafting a New Narrative for Peace

43:48 The Israeli Perspective Post-October 7th

52:08 Understanding the Conflict: Historical Context and Narratives

01:01:59 The Experience of Arab Israelis and Palestinians

01:11:54 Christian Perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

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