Michael Levy, a prolific composer of the ancient lyre and kithara, shares his inspiration and deep knowledge of these remarkable instruments.

A few tortoiseshell lyres have survived—most famously the Elgin Lyre in the British Museum—and several ancient Egyptian lyres remain as well. Michael plays a replica of the Leiden Lyre, crafted by Luthieros, based on the original preserved in Leiden and dating to around 1500 BCE. Among ancient Greek lyres, only the tortoiseshell chelys lyres have survived; unfortunately, no examples of the wooden kithara remain due to the material’s fragility.

Michael explains how his playing techniques come from studying ancient images of lyre players. On Greek pottery and paintings, musicians are shown using the left hand to block specific strings while striking others with a chunky plectrum. Unlike a harp, where strings are muted to stop unwanted sustain, lyre players block only the strings they don’t want to sound, keeping the needed ones open to create chords.

He also describes the tonal and social differences between the instruments. The kithara has a deeper tone and, in antiquity, was played only by professionals. The chelys lyre, by contrast, was used in domestic settings—such as symposia, the famous Greek drinking parties. Plato even recommends in the Republic that young boys learn musical theory on the lyre because of its clear, pure notes.

— MICHAEL'S LINKS —

Michael Website https://www.ancientlyre.com

Find Michael on Spotify! https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

Find Michael on Youtube! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

Luthieros, whose wonderfully recreated ancient Greek lyres & kithara has made Michael's ongoing musical mission possible for so long. They are reintroducing the recreated ancient Greek lyres & kithara back into the hands of modern musicians to 'continue where the ancients left off. https://www.luthieros.com

The specialist musician who performs the replica of the aulos Barnaby Brown https://barnabybrown.info/

— SUPPORT US VIA OUR PATREON —

https://www.patreon.com/join/whencyclopedia

— BUY OUR MERCH —

https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— CHAPTERS —

0:00​ Introduction

0:45 Why the lyre? Why did you start playing the lyre?

5:55 Do the different lyres and kitharas need different playing techniques?

10:20 Everything that you know about the lyre, is that all from surviving images?

12:17 How do you go about learning the lyre?

13:43 Performance of The Cave of Hermes

16:19 Ancient Tuning Methods

31:57 Is it meant to be played alone or with other instruments?

34:06 Performance of Hymn to the Stars

37:35 Tell us about the track, Hymn to the Stars!

41:43 Do you have a favourite song that you have composed?

43:47 Outro

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —

Lyre https://www.worldhistory.org/Lyre/

Ancient Greek Music https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Music/

Aulos https://www.worldhistory.org/Aulos/

Kithara https://www.worldhistory.org/Kithara/

Hermes https://www.worldhistory.org/Hermes/

Pythagoras https://www.worldhistory.org/Pythagoras/

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

In our interview with Richard Hingley, we chat all about his new book Conquering The Ocean: The Roman Invasion of Britain. What's the book about? It's about the Roman conquest of Britain, but that takes some explaining because I suppose in the mind of the public, sometimes the Roman conquest is quite a short term thing, you know, perhaps it occurs over a few years, in reality, it goes on for a long period of time. And really, the first significant episode is when Julius Caesar comes to Britain. Now Julius Caesar, who's campaigning in Gaul, which is largely modern-day France, and he decides to go over the ocean to Britain in 55 and 54 BCE. He travels twice with armed forces, but he doesn't actually conquer anything. He ends up leaving again with some agreements with leading peoples in Britain, and they have to pay Rome tribute, but he doesn't actually conquer anything.

— FROM THE BACK OF THE BOOK —

Why did Julius Caesar come to Britain? His own account suggests that he invaded to quell a resistance of Gallic sympathizers in the region of modern-day Kent -- but there must have been personal and divine aspirations behind the expeditions in 55 and 54 BCE. To the ancients, the Ocean was a body of water that circumscribed the known world, separating places like Britain from terra cognita, and no one, not even Alexander the Great, had crossed it. While Caesar came and saw, he did not conquer. In the words of the historian Tacitus, "he revealed, rather than bequeathed, Britain to Rome." For the next five hundred years, Caesar's revelation was Rome's remotest imperial bequest.

Conquering the Ocean provides a new narrative of the Roman conquest of Britain, from the two campaigns of Caesar up until the construction of Hadrian's Wall across the Tyne-Solway isthmus during the 120s CE. Much of the ancient literary record portrays this period as a long march of Roman progress but recent archaeological discoveries reveal that there existed a strong resistance in Britain, Boudica's short lived revolt being the most celebrated of them, and that Roman success was by no means inevitable. Richard Hingley here draws upon an impressive array of new information from archaeological research and recent scholarship on the classical sources to provide a balanced picture of the military activities and strategies that led to the conquest and subjugation of Britain. Conquering the Ocean is the fullest picture to date of a chapter in Roman military history that continues to captivate the public.

— BUY CONQUERING THE OCEAN: THE ROMAN INVASION OF BRITAIN —

https://www.worldhistory.org/books/0190937416

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https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— CHAPTERS —

0:00​ Introduction

0:39 What is the book all about?

8:47 Why did you decide to write this book?

17:17 What did you find the most interesting when researching the book?

24:28 What do you think people should really know about the conquering of Britain?

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —

Roman Britain https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Britain/

Claudius https://www.worldhistory.org/claudius/

Julius Caesar https://www.worldhistory.org/Julius_Caesar/

Hadrian's Wall https://www.worldhistory.org/Hadrians_Wall/

Legions of Britain https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1753/legions-of-britain/

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert by John Lee is a story of a boy who grows up in poverty, facing racism and violence, a boy who seemed like he would have no opportunities. But thanks to dedicated teachers – both black and white –, his unceasing drive to learn, and the opportunities that unexpectedly presented themselves, he was able to rise from those humble beginnings and achieve in a lot of different areas. My book takes this story from his boyhood in Augusta, Georgia, through his early education in Georgia. It takes him to his years at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, where he was only the third African American graduate. Then it takes him to Athens, Greece, where he was one of the very first students of the new American School of Classical Studies at Athens. It was the first research institution that the United States had ever planted overseas. He became one of the first 50 Americans of any race, ethnicity, or background to do professional archaeological work in Greece.

— FROM THE BACK OF THE BOOK —

The First Black Archaeologist reveals the untold story of a pioneering African American classical scholar, teacher, community leader, and missionary. Born into slavery in rural Georgia, John Wesley Gilbert (1863-1923) gained national prominence in the early 1900s, but his accomplishments are little known today. Using evidence from archives across the U.S. and Europe, from contemporary publications, and from newly discovered documents, this book chronicles, for the first time, Gilbert's remarkable journey. As we follow Gilbert from the segregated public schools of Augusta, Georgia, to the lecture halls of Brown University, to his hiring as the first black faculty member of Augusta's Paine Institute, and through his travels in Greece, western Europe, and the Belgian Congo, we learn about the development of African American intellectual and religious culture, and about the enormous achievements of an entire generation of black students and educators.

— BUY THE FIRST BLACK ARHCAEOLOGUST: A LIFE OF JOHN WESLEY GILBERT —

https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-first-black-archaeologist-9780197578995?utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:1350568266611279117&utm_source=third%20party&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=web+banner+link&utm_term=world+history+encyclopedia

— LEARN MORE! —

John Wesley Gilbert https://www.worldhistory.org/John_Wesley_Gilbert/

John's UCSB web page https://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/john-w-i-lee/

Paine University https://www.paine.edu/web/mycampus/home

American School of Classical Studies at Athens https://www.ascsa.edu.gr

— SUPPORT US VIA OUR PATREON—

https://www.patreon.com/join/whencyclopedia

— BUY OUR MERCH —

https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— CHAPTERS —

0:00​ Introduction

0:39 What is the book about and who is John Wesley Gilbert?

5:28 Why did John write the book?

12:13 What was the most interesting thing you learned during your research?

16:12 What is something that everyone should know about Professor Gilbert and your book?

22:20 Did you have any involvement with the community in Augusta, Georgia while researching and working on this book?

27:51 Outro

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

Katherine Pangonis' new book Queens of Jerusalem: The Women Who Dared to Rule sheds light on the somewhat overlooked women, queens and princesses of Outremer (the Crusader States). The book is about a dynasty of women who ruled in the Middle East during the medieval period, specifically in the 12th century during the times of the Crusades.

It starts with Morphia of Melitene. She's an Armenian Princess who marries Baldwin II to become the first crowned Queen of Jerusalem. The book looks at her life and the role she played politically during her husband's life and then also the lives of her four daughters including Queen Melisende Jerusalem and Princess Alice of Antioch and then her granddaughters, the daughters of those daughters. As well as the first queen to go on crusade, Eleanor of Aquitaine

Despite living in a quite strongly patriarchal and medieval environment, these women were able to seize real power due to the instability in the region. The fact that Morphia had four daughters was a major factor as well. There were no sons to inherit, which meant that women were able to succeed in political positions and actually wield power.

— BUY KATHERINE'S BOOK —

Queens of Jerusalem: The Women Who Dared to Rule https://www.worldhistory.org/books/164313924X/

Katherine's Website https://www.katherinepangonis.com/

— SUPPORT US VIA OUR PATREON —

https://www.patreon.com/join/whencyclopedia

— BUY OUR MERCH —

https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— CHAPTERS —

0:00​ Introduction

0:53 What is the book all about?

1:55 Is there a gap in the scholarship around the Crusades?

4:27 Which women are focussed on in the book?

10:52 William of Tyre and other Medieval sources

16:43 Working through the bias of Medieval sources

21:00 Eleanor of Aquitaine as a Crusader Queen

30:33 Katherine favourite woman in the book

33:31 Outro

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —

Kingdom of Jerusalem https://www.worldhistory.org/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem/

Crusader States https://www.worldhistory.org/Crusader_States/

Crusades https://www.worldhistory.org/Crusades/

Antioch https://www.worldhistory.org/Antiochia/

Edessa https://www.worldhistory.org/edessa/

Eleanor of Aquitaine https://www.worldhistory.org/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine/

Queens of Jerusalem: The Women Who Dared to Rule Book Review https://www.worldhistory.org/review/262/queens-of-jerusalem-the-women-who-dared-to-rule/

— WATCH —

Eleanor of Aquitaine: the Medieval Queen of England and France in the High Middle Ages https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAP7OHmBcZY

The Crusades: A Brief History of the Medieval Religious Wars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E33qpetUCVQ

Courtly Love in the High Middle Ages https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxfEMc6Z2aY

A Short History of the Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pewasA24hPs

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

Join World History Encyclopedia as they sit down with author and historian James Lacey to chat all about Rome: Strategy of Empire, the first work to lay out Roman strategic thinking from its start under Augustus until its final demise in 476 CE

From Octavian's victory at Actium (31 bc) to its traditional endpoint in the West (476), the Roman Empire lasted a solid 500 years—an impressive number by any standard, and fully one-fifth of all recorded history. In fact, the decline and final collapse of the Roman Empire took longer than most other empires even existed. Any historian trying to unearth the grand strategy of the Roman Empire must, therefore, always remain cognizant of the time scale, in which she is dealing.

Although the pace of change in the Roman era never approached that of the modern era, it was not an empire in stasis. While the visible trappings may have changed little, the challenges Rome faced at its end were vastly different than those faced by Augustus and the Julio-Claudians. Over the centuries, the Empire's underlying economy, political arrangements, military affairs, and, most importantly, the myriad of external threats it faced were in constant flux, making adaptability to changing circumstances as important to Roman strategists as it is to strategists of the modern era.

By employing an expansive definition of strategy and by focusing much of the narrative on crucial historical moments and the personalities involved, James Lacey provides a comprehensive, persuasive, and engaging account of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. It assimilates the most recent work of classical historians and archaeologists to correct the flaws and omissions of previous accounts, thus presenting the most complete and nuanced narrative of Roman strategic thinking and execution ever published.

— BUY ROME: STRATEGY OF EMPIRE —

Buy the book from Oxford University Press https://global.oup.com/academic/product/rome-9780190937706?utm_campaign=1433189261099882389&utm_source=third%20party&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=text+advert&utm_term=WHE

— SUPPORT US VIA OUR PATREON—

https://www.patreon.com/join/whencyclopedia

— BUY OUR MERCH —

https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— CHAPTERS —

0:00​ Introduction

0:51 James Jacey's background

6:00 Focus of the book - the strategy of Ancient Rome

17:34 Modern-day strategy and its links with Ancient Roman strategy

35:19 Outro

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —

Ancient Rome https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/

Roman Empire https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Empire/

The Extent of the Roman Empire https://www.worldhistory.org/article/851/the-extent-of-the-roman-empire/

Enemies of Rome in the 3rd Century CE https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1145/enemies-of-rome-in-the-3rd-century-ce/

Roman Warfare https://member.worldhistory.org/Roman_Warfare/

Roman Army https://member.worldhistory.org/Roman_Army/

— WATCH —

The Roman Invasion of Britain with Richard Hingley https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNfdfuH7z1c

Rome: An Empire's Story with Greg Woolf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTQSrskjPRs

The Roman Epic Poem The Aeneid: Introduction and Summary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2dcqDjxl_c

History of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty of the Roman Empire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HE7l5GL8KcI

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

Ian Richardson, Senior Treasure Registrar at the British Museum, explores how everyday discoveries made by the public have reshaped our understanding of Britain’s past. He explains the Portable Antiquity Scheme and the Treasure Act, showing how ordinary finds from metal detecting, gardening, or chance become part of the national record. In this talk, he shares stories of remarkable discoveries including a Bronze Age gold vessel mistaken for a light fitting, a rare Roman cavalry helmet, thousands of Anglo-Norman silver pennies buried after the Battle of Hastings, and even a jar of American gold coins hidden in a London garden. Richardson also explains how finds are reported, how museums decide what to keep, and why recording even small objects can reveal lost settlements and forgotten landscapes, while reflecting on the luck, strategy, and thrill behind uncovering history beneath our feet.

Ian Richardson and Michael Lewis wrote Beneath Our Feet: Everyday Discoveries Reshaping History, going into greater depth on many of these stories and exploring the important role of the public in uncovering the past.

📚 Buy the book here:

Beneath Our Feet: Everyday Discoveries Reshaping History

by Ian Richardson & Michael Lewis

https://www.worldhistory.org/books/0500027528

— SUPPORT US VIA OUR PATREON—

https://www.patreon.com/join/whencyclopedia

— BUY OUR MERCH —

https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

Step into the fascinating world of Elizabethan England with historian and educator Harrison Mark, as he explores the life, works, and mysterious death of Christopher Marlowe, one of the most influential—and controversial—figures in English literary history.

In this conversation, Harrison shares his passion for history and literature, tracing Marlowe’s journey from his humble beginnings to his groundbreaking plays and poetry that transformed English drama. Discover how Marlowe’s bold themes of politics, religion, violence, and forbidden love pushed the boundaries of Renaissance theater and inspired none other than William Shakespeare.

The lecture also dives deep into the mysteries surrounding Marlowe’s life: his rumored role as a spy for Queen Elizabeth I, his dangerous ideas on religion, his sexuality, and the suspicious circumstances of his early death—murder or secret escape? Harrison unpacks the myths and historical evidence with clarity and insight.

— BUY OUR MERCH —

https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— SUPPORT US VIA OUR PATREON—

https://www.patreon.com/join/whencyclopedia

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

A major new history of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as Byzantium), from Constantine to 1453 by author and scholar Anthony Kaldellis.

In recent decades, the study of the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as Byzantium, has been revolutionized by new approaches and more sophisticated models for how its society and state operated. No longer looked upon as a pale facsimile of classical Rome, Byzantium is now considered a vigorous state of its own, inheritor of many of Rome's features, and a vital node in the first truly globalized world.

The New Roman Empire is the first full, single-author history of the eastern Roman empire to appear in over a generation. Covering political and military history as well as all the major changes in religion, society, demography, and economy, Anthony Kaldellis's volume is divided into ten chronological sections which begin with the foundation of Constantinople in 324 AD and end with the fall of the empire to the Ottoman Turks in the fifteenth century. The book incorporates new findings, explains recent interpretive models, and presents well-known historical characters and events in a new light.

— BUY THE BOOK HERE —

The New Roman Empire - A History of Byzantium

by Anthony Kaldellis

https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-new-roman-empire-9780197549322?utm_campaign=8692uxaqm&utm_source=third%20party&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=web+banner+link&utm_term=world+history+encyclopedia

— EXTRAS —

Other publications by Anthony Kaldellis:

https://kaldellispublications.weebly.com/

Byzantium & Friends - A podcast on Byzantium by Anthony Kaldellis:

https://byzantiumandfriends.podbean.com/

— CHAPTERS —

00:00 Intro

00:40 What is your book about?

03:15 Did you get to focus on the everyday people?

05:15 How could the Empire sustain for so long?

07:38 Why did you write this book now?

08:39 Did you find anything surprising during your research?

10:50 How did you approach your book?

15:20 On the bad reputation of the Byzantine Empire

22:50 Outro

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —

Byzantium

https://www.worldhistory.org/Byzantium/

Byzantine Empire

https://www.worldhistory.org/Byzantine_Empire/

Philo of Byzantium's On the Seven Wonders

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2257/philo-of-byzantiums-on-the-seven-wonders/

The Isaurians and the End of Germanic Influence in Byzantium

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1346/the-isaurians-and-the-end-of-germanic-influence-in/

Byzantine-Armenian Relations

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1207/byzantine-armenian-relations/

— BUY OUR MERCH —

https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— SUPPORT US VIA OUR PATREON—

https://www.patreon.com/join/whencyclopedia

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

Weavers, Scribes, and Kings: A New History of the Ancient Near East by Amanda H. Podany is a unique history of the ancient Near East that compellingly presents the life stories of kings, priestesses, merchants, bricklayers, and others. Rather than chronicling three thousand years of rulers and states, Weavers, Scribes, and Kings instead creates a tapestry of life stories through which readers will come to know specific individuals from many walks of life, and to understand their places within the broad history of events and institutions in the ancient Near East.

In this sweeping history of the ancient Near East, Amanda Podany takes readers on a gripping journey from the creation of the world's first cities to the conquests of Alexander the Great. The book is built around the life stories of many ancient men and women, from kings, priestesses, and merchants to brickmakers, musicians, and weavers. Their habits of daily life, beliefs, triumphs, and crises, and the changes that people faced over time are explored through their own written words and the buildings, cities, and empires in which they lived.

— BUY THE BOOK —

Oxford University Press https://global.oup.com/academic/product/weavers-scribes-and-kings-9780190059040?utm_campaign=1430288586311315018&utm_source=third%20party&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=web+banner+link&utm_term=WHE-Excerpt

— MORE FROM AMANDA —

Amanda's Website https://amandapodany.academia.edu/

Amanda's Twitter https://twitter.com/ahpod

Brotherhood of Kings: How International Relations Shaped the Ancient Near East https://global.oup.com/academic/product/brotherhood-of-kings-9780195313987?cc=us&lang=en&

The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-ancient-near-east-a-very-short-introduction-9780195377996?cc=us&lang=en&

Lecture series: Ancient Mesopotamia: Life in the Cradle of Civilization Wondrium: https://www.wondrium.com/ancient-mesopotamia-life-in-the-cradle-of-civilization

— SUPPORT US VIA OUR PATREON—

https://www.patreon.com/join/whencyclopedia

— CHAPTERS —

0:00​ Introduction

0:57 What is the book all about?

4:45 What kinds of sources did you use?

8:32 Why did you decide to write this book?

12:46 Did anything surprise you whilst researching or writing the book?

16:24 Was there much evidence for women?

18:28 What is one thing people should know about the topic?

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —

The Ancient Near East https://www.worldhistory.org/Near_East/

Mesopotamia https://www.worldhistory.org/Mesopotamia/

Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia https://www.worldhistory.org/article/680/daily-life-in-ancient-mesopotamia/

Women in Ancient Mesopotamia https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2081/women-in-ancient-mesopotamia/

— BUY OUR MERCH —

https://www.worldhistory.store​/​

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

Kutuzov: A Life in War and Peace by Alexander Mikaberidze is about a character, a historical figure, but also the main protagonist of the book that many people claim to have read, but very few actually manage to get through, War and Peace. Those who are familiar with the novel know that the Russian field marshal who leads the Russian armies both in 1805 and then in the decisive showdown with Napoleon in 1812 was Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov, this very interesting character that Tolstoy uses to create his own vision of what a historical figure should be like. This book is the first modern biography of this figure. For some reason, not much attention has been paid to him.

The book looks at his entire life. He was born in 1747 and passed away in 1813 so he didn't live long enough in that sense. But it was a career that was fascinating to really explore, because he joined the military when he was just twelve years old, spent the rest of his life in the military service, fought in numerous campaigns, and really went through the entirety of the military system. I jokingly refer to him as a jack of all trades because in the military service he was essentially employed in every branch, in every capacity you can imagine

— BUY THE BOOK HERE —

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— MORE FROM ALEX —

Twitter: https://twitter.com/AMikaberidze

The Napoleonic Quarterly Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-napoleonic-quarterly/id1547058446 - This is an innovative history podcast that Alex and a group of his colleagues are producing covering the entire Napoleonic era.

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— CHAPTERS —

0:00​ Introduction

0:41 What is the book all about?

3:35 Why hasn't anyone written a biography of Kutuzon in over fifty years?

6:46 Are there many primary sources available from the Russian point of view?

8:36 How did you come to write this book on Kutuzov?

14:24 Did anything really surprise or fascinate you whilst researching for this book?

17:40 What is one thing you want people to know about your book and Kutuzov?

19:31 Outro

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —

Napoleon Bonaparte During the Early French Revolution (1789-1794)

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2036/napoleon-bonaparte-during-the-early-french-revolut/

— WATCH —

Rome: Strategy of Empire with James Lacey

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo6yLYC4bKo

Norse America: The Story of a Founding Myth

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldOtYQOqCw8

The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert with John Lee

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZSZHzpaXog

Rome: An Empire's Story with Greg Woolf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTQSrskjPRs

— ATTRIBUTIONS —

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

https://www.ancientlyre.com

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A

— THUMBNAIL IMAGE —

Kutuzov: A Life in War and Peace by Alexander Mikaberidze

Oxford University Press

World History Encyclopedia

www.worldhistory.org

#kutuzov #napoleonicwars #alexandermikaberidze