Galveston's longshoremen, both Black and white, fought against exploitation and dangerous working conditions in one of America's most important port cities, culminating in violent strikes and an unprecedented five-month military occupation.

• Cotton was king and Galveston was Texas' gateway to the world in the mid-19th century
• Longshoremen and screwmen performed grueling, dangerous work loading ships for minimal pay
• Unusual interracial cooperation between segregated unions challenged Jim Crow norms
• The 1898 strike turned deadly when police fired into crowds, killing three workers
• Companies deliberately inflamed racial tensions to break worker solidarity
• Governor William Hobby declared martial law during the 1920 strike
• National Guard occupied Galveston for five months—one of the longest peacetime military occupations in US history
• These forgotten labor struggles helped shape Texas' strong right-to-work laws
• Longshore unions continue operating in Galveston today, carrying on a 150-year legacy

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