Four years after the first lockdown, the way we work has changed.

Covid-19 lockdowns closed offices and started a new way of working. Now companies want staff back in the office, but employees - and data - say no.

During the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, working from home became a necessity. Then for many it became the norm.

Now there's a battle playing out between bosses and workers - many employees want to stay put at home, while employers are urging, and even mandating, a return to the office.

Today's episode of The Detail looks at where the 'working from home revolution', as it was often called, stands now.

Chris Keall, the New Zealand Herald's technology editor, has written a lot on the subject.

"The new normal actually looks a lot more like the old normal," he says.

"A lot of organisations with a lot of white-collar workers are now saying 'you've been working from home five days a week, or two days a week... we now want you in the office at least three days a week'."

This is playing out in New Zealand at the moment - the highest profile arguably at One NZ, where unions are still in mediation with the company over being in the office for three days a week, instead of two.

This follows a lot of similar debates in the US - with the likes of Zoom and Amazon - and the UK. Keall says the Bank of England did a study with several universities and found working from home can negatively impact employees' remuneration.

"They found that if you worked from home then you were slightly less likely to get a pay rise," he says.

But New Zealand-based research has found that people who work from home some of the time say they're more productive than people who work in the office all the time.

The Detail talks to Massey University professor of management and Māori business Jarrod Haar, who's led this research through his Wellbeing@work study. In December, he asked workers where they felt more productive. Fifty-one percent said they were more productive at home than the office.

"I think that really just captures the fact that I don't have to wake up, have a shower, have a shave, put a suit on, drive for an hour into the city - I can get a coffee and turn on my laptop and start working straight away," he says.

"You're probably more likely to start more productive and you're less likely to be distracted."

But there's still the problem of social isolation. Haar says hybrid working is the key.

"The all-home and all-office are different - they're less productive than hybrid workers, interestingly enough," he says. …

Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details